Editing Recall election (section)

==== Unsuccessful attempts to qualify recall elections ====
* 1967 [[United States Senator]] [[Frank Church]] of [[Idaho]] was the subject of an unsuccessful recall effort.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.boisestate.edu/special/church/CHURCH1.HTM |first1= R. Gwenn |last1=Stearn |date=17 March 2006 |website=Albertsons Library, Boise State University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210191235/http://library.boisestate.edu/special/church/CHURCH1.HTM|url-status=dead|title=Frank Church Chronology|archive-date=February 10, 2009}}</ref> Courts ruled that a federal official is not subject to state recall laws.
* 1988 [[Evan Mecham]], Governor of [[Arizona]], was scheduled for a recall election on May 17 of that year, after a successful petition drive (301,000 signatures).  However, the Supreme Court of Arizona canceled the election, since Mecham had already been removed from office (via impeachment conviction) by the Senate on April 4.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arizona's Supreme Court Blocks A Special Gubernatorial Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/13/us/arizona-s-supreme-court-blocks-a-special-gubernatorial-election.html |pages=A20:1 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 13, 1988}}</ref>
*1992–93 [[Pete Wilson]], Governor of [[California]] was targeted for recall by the ''[[Bite 'Em Back]]'' campaign, which was a [[grassroots]] effort that came about as a result of a piece by ''[[San Jose Mercury News]]'' [[columnist]] [[San Jose Mercury News West Magazine|Pat Dillon]], in response to the then-ongoing California budgetary crisis.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://titanyearbook.com/archives/1992/1992-11-18.pdf |journal =Daily Titan |title=Group asks for Wilson's recall |first1=Matt |last1=Cliff |date=November 18, 1992 |access-date=June 18, 2011 |volume=57 |issue=43 |via=Titan Yearbook |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831055440/http://titanyearbook.com/archives/1992/1992-11-18.pdf |archive-date= 2011-08-31}}</ref><ref>''Los Angeles Times'', "[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-04-me-780-story.html Valley College:  Wilson Recall Campaign Started]", by Jennifer Case (October 4, 1992 - retrieved on June 19, 2011).</ref> The ''Bite 'Em Back'' campaign also intended to recall then-[[List of Speakers of the California State Assembly|Speaker]] of the [[California State Assembly|Assembly]] [[Willie Brown (politician)|Willie L. Brown]], and then-[[President pro tempore of the California State Senate|President Pro Tem]] of the [[California State Senate|state Senate]], [[David Roberti]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
*2003 [[H. Brent Coles]], mayor of Boise, Idaho, was the subject of a recall petition drive. Coles resigned on February 14, 2003, before the recall drive could proceed.<ref name="coles">[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/15/us/charged-with-getting-free-olympics-trip-boise-mayor-resigns.html "Charged With Getting Free Olympics Trip, Boise Mayor Resigns"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 15, 2003. Accessed 8 November 2015.</ref>
*2009 [[Joseph Cao]] [[U.S. representative]] for [[Louisiana's 2nd congressional district]], was determined to be not subject to recall because of his status as a [[Federal government of the United States|Federal]] office holder.
*2009 a petition failed to garner sufficient signatures to oblige an election for [[Eddie Price III#Failure of recall petition|recall of Eddie Price III]], mayor of [[Mandeville, Louisiana]].
*2009 a petition for [[Malcolm Suber|recall of Stacy Head]], [[New Orleans]] city councilwoman, likewise failed to gain the requisite number of signatures.
*2010 there were two unsuccessful recall petitions for [[Sam Adams (Oregon politician)|Sam Adams]] mayor of [[Portland, OR]].
*2010 there was one unsuccessful recall petition for [[Lisa Poppaw]] city council member of [[Fort Collins, CO]].
*2010 there was one unsuccessful recall petition for [[Antonio Villaraigosa]] mayor of [[Los Angeles]].
*2010, a recall proposal aimed at mayor [[Ron Littlefield]] of [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]], failed after a judge of the [[Hamilton County, Tennessee]] [[circuit court]] ruled that too many of the petition signatures were invalid and that the petitioners had failed to properly adhere to the state's recall law, leaving "pages without dates".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chattanoogan.com/articles/article_183480.asp |title= Judge Rules For Mayor Littlefield In Recall Case |date=September 7, 2010 |website=chattanoogan.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909153937/http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_183480.asp |archive-date=2010-09-09}}</ref>
*2011, the [[Tennessee Court of Appeals]] ruled in November that the Hamilton County Circuit Court Judge [[Jeff Hollingsworth]] did not have the jurisdiction in entering an injunction against the Hamilton County Election Commission. In its judgment summary the Appeals Court said, "The trial court acted without jurisdiction in entering an injunction against the Election Commission. The judgment of the trial court is vacated and the complaint dismissed." Mayor Littlefield is continuing legal action to stop the recall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_212673.asp |title= Appeal Court Rules For Recall Group In Littlefield Case |date=November 3, 2011 |website=www.chattanoogan.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104221419/http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_212673.asp |archive-date=2011-11-04}}</ref>
*2011, as part of the [[2011 Wisconsin Senate recall elections]], there were a number of failed recall petitions.  Petitions against senators [[Lena Taylor]] (D), [[Spencer Coggs]] (D), [[Mark F. Miller|Mark Miller]] (D), [[Glenn Grothman]] (R), [[Julie Lassa]] (D), [[Fred Risser]] (D), and [[Mary Lazich]] (R), were unsuccessful.  Many senators had multiple recall petitions filed against them, and in the case of both Wirch and Hansen, one succeeded while others failed.
*2011, an effort to recall [[Governor of Michigan|Michigan Governor]] [[Rick Snyder]] was ended after organizers did not obtain enough petition signatures to appear on the ballot.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2011/09/report_effort_to_recall_michig.html  |website=mlive | title=Report: Effort to recall Michigan governor fizzles| date=2011-09-29}}</ref>
*2011, a petition to recall Idaho Superintendent of Public Instruction [[Tom Luna]] failed to obtain the necessary signatures to force a recall election.<ref name="TomLuna">[http://www.idahopress.com/news/tom-luna-reacts-to-failure-of-recall-efforts/article_2a97e512-a14f-11e0-8afc-001cc4c03286.html "Tom Luna reacts to failure of recall efforts"], Bryan Dooley, ''[[The Idaho Press-Tribune]]'', June 28, 2011</ref>
*2011, an attempt to prompt recall election of [[Trenton, New Jersey]], mayor [[Tony F. Mack]] failed to obtain enough support.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nj.com/mercer/index.ssf/2011/11/committee_to_recall_mayor_mack.html | title=Committee to recall Mayor Mack fails to collect 9,860 needed signatures to force special election| date=2011-11-15}}</ref>
*2011 recall of Alaska State Representative [[Kyle Johansen]], rejected by the state's Division of Elections on October 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.krbd.org/2011/10/11/recall-application-rejected/|title=''KRBD,'' "Recall application rejected," October 11, 2011|access-date=June 6, 2012|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418153334/http://www.krbd.org/2011/10/11/recall-application-rejected/|url-status=dead}}</ref>  Republicans in his district sponsored the recall when Johansen and fellow representative [[Charisse Millett]] left the House's majority caucus in a dispute over Johansen's role in the 27th Legislature.  In 2012, Johansen ran for reelection as an independent and lost by a wide margin;  Millett was reelected.
*2017: In [[Loveland, Ohio]], Mayor Mark Fitzgerald resigned under pressure from a recall effort, and a move to replace him was declared invalid, leaving the city with no mayor for several months.<ref name="WLWT no mayor">{{cite web|title=Loveland Has No Mayor|publisher=[[WLWT-TV]]|date=August 18, 2017|url=http://www.wlwt.com/article/loveland-solicitor-city-has-no-mayor/12029494}}</ref>
*2019: [[Kate Brown]], Governor of [[Oregon]], was the subject of a recall petition due to her support of [[Oregon House Bill 2020]] which also resulted in the [[2019 Oregon Senate Republican walkouts]].
*2020: [[Norman, Oklahoma]] Mayor and four of the eight city councilmembers were the subject of unsuccessful recall initiatives spearheaded by a local{{citation needed span|reason=citations don't support the assertion that this was a white nationalist group or hate group.|chapter of [[White nationalist]]s in response to people of color speaking|date=September 2022}} at a public City Council meeting.<ref name="okiehategroup">{{cite web|title=Mayor and city council recall, Norman, Oklahoma (2020-2021)|publisher=[[ballotpedia.org]]|date=August 24, 2021|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Mayor_and_city_council_recall,_Norman,_Oklahoma_(2020-2021)}}</ref>