Editing Liverpool (section)

===Literature===
[[Felicia Hemans]] (née Browne) was born in Dale Street, Liverpool, in 1793, although she later moved to Flintshire, in Wales. Felicia was born in Liverpool, a granddaughter of the [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] [[Consulate general|consul]] in that city. Her father's business soon brought the family to [[Denbighshire (historic)|Denbighshire]] in North Wales, where she spent her youth. They made their home near Abergele and [[St. Asaph]] ([[Flintshire (historic)|Flintshire]]), and it is clear that she came to regard herself as Welsh by adoption, later referring to Wales as "Land of my childhood, my home and my dead". Her first poems, dedicated to the [[George IV of the United Kingdom|Prince of Wales]], were published in Liverpool in 1808, when she was only fourteen, arousing the interest of [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], who briefly corresponded with her.
<ref name="inspidered.wordpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.inspidered.wordpress.com/|title=Inspidered|publisher=Inspidered.wordpress.com|date=9 August 2012|access-date=7 November 2012|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517023830/https://inspidered.wordpress.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

An engraving of a painting of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834/The Wishing Gate|The Wishing Gate]]}} by S. F. Serres was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834 with a poetical illustration by [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]] to which she adds the note 'I believe that to this haunted gate, a common superstition is attached, namely, that to wish, and to have that wish fulfilled, is the result of such wish being uttered while passing'. It stood on the North Shore before the docks were built and was a place where farewells could be waved to departing voyagers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=19BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PT40|section=poetical illustration|year=1833|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.|access-date=23 November 2022|archive-date=23 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123211121/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=19BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PT44|url-status=live}}{{cite book|last=Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=19BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PT42|section=picture|year=1833|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.|access-date=23 November 2022|archive-date=23 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123211118/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=19BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PT47|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Dickens plaque, The Old Bridewell, Campbell Square.jpg|thumb|right|Plaque in Campbell Square commemorating [[Charles Dickens]] who from 1842 gave public readings of his novels at [[St George's Hall, Liverpool|St George's Hall]], and who for one day in 1860 was appointed a special [[Special Constabulary|police constable]] in the city while researching a novel.]]
A number of notable authors have visited Liverpool, including [[Daniel Defoe]], [[Washington Irving]], [[Charles Dickens]], [[Thomas De Quincey]], [[Herman Melville]], [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]] and [[Hugh Walpole]]. Defoe, after visiting the city, described it, as "one of the wonders of Britain in his 'Tour through England and Wales'".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inspidered.wordpress.com/|title=WordPress.com|publisher=Inspidered.wordpress.com|access-date=7 November 2012|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517023830/https://inspidered.wordpress.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Melville's novel ''[[Redburn]]'' deals with the first seagoing voyage of 19 years old Wellingborough Redburn between New York and Liverpool in 1839. Largely autobiographical, the middle sections of the book are set in Liverpool and describe the young merchantman's wanderings, and his reflections.<ref name="inspidered.wordpress.com"/> From 1842 to 1869, Dickens visited the city to give public readings of his novels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beatlesliverpoolandmore.com/liverpool-and-charles-dickens.html|title=Liverpool and Charles Dickens|publisher=BeatlesLiverpoolandMore|access-date=7 November 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123135001/http://www.beatlesliverpoolandmore.com/liverpool-and-charles-dickens.html|archive-date=23 January 2013}}</ref> Hawthorne was stationed in Liverpool as United States consul between 1853 and 1856.<ref>Philip James McFarland, ''Hawthorne in Concord''. (New York, NY : Grove Press, 2004), p.186</ref> Hopkins served as priest at St Francis Xavier Church, Langdale St., Liverpool, between 1879 and 81.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openplaques.org/plaques/7935|title=Gerard Manley Hopkins black plaque in Liverpool|publisher=Openplaques.org|access-date=7 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410122040/http://openplaques.org/plaques/7935|archive-date=10 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although he is not known to have ever visited Liverpool, [[Jung]] famously had a vivid dream of the city which he analysed in one of his works.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/memoriesdreamsre007394mbp|title=''Memories, Dreams, Reflections'' (1961)|year=1963|publisher=Vintage Books|access-date=3 August 2010}}</ref>

''[[Her Benny]]'', a novel telling the tragic story of Liverpool street urchins in the 1870s, written by Methodist preacher [[Silas K. Hocking]], was a best-seller and the first book to sell a million copies in the author's lifetime.<ref>[http://bluecoatpress.co.uk/liverpool/her-benny-silas-hocking/ ''Her Benny''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122053532/http://bluecoatpress.co.uk/liverpool/her-benny-silas-hocking/ |date=22 November 2012 }} Bluecoat Press</ref> The prolific writer of adventure novels, [[Harold Edward Bindloss]] (1866–1945), was born in Liverpool.

[[File:CliveBarker_(cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|[[Clive Barker]], Liverpool born writer of ''[[Hellraiser]]'' and creator of [[Candyman (character)|Candyman]]]]
The writer, docker and political activist [[George Garrett (activist)|George Garrett]] was born in [[Seacombe]], on the [[Wirral Peninsula]] in 1896 and was brought up in Liverpool's South end, around Park Road, the son of a fierce Liverpool–Irish Catholic mother and a staunch 'Orange' stevedore father. In the 1920s and 1930s, his organisation within the Seamen's Vigilance Committees, unemployed demonstrations, and hunger marches from Liverpool became part of a wider cultural force. He spoke at reconciliation meetings in sectarian Liverpool, and helped found the [[Unity Theatre, Liverpool|Unity Theatre]] in the 1930s as part of the [[Popular Front]] against the rise of fascism, particularly its echoes in the [[Spanish Civil War]]. Garrett died in 1966.<ref>Michael Murphy, "Introduction" to ''The Collected George Garrett''. (Nottingham: Trent Editions, 1999).</ref>

The novelist and playwright [[James Hanley (novelist)|James Hanley]] (1897–1985) was born in [[Kirkdale, Merseyside|Kirkdale]], Liverpool, in 1897 (not [[Dublin]], nor 1901 as he generally implied) to a working-class family.<ref>An important biographical source is Chris Gostick's "Extra Material on James Hanley's ''[[Boy (novel)|Boy]]''", in the OneWorld Classics edition of ''Boy'' (2007), pp. 181–4.</ref> Hanley grew up close to the docks and much of his early writing is about seamen. ''[[The Furys Chronicle|The Furys]]'' (1935) is first in a sequence of five loosely autobiographical novels about working-class life in Liverpool. James Hanley's brother, novelist [[Gerald Hanley]] (1916–92) was also born in Liverpool (not [[County Cork]], Ireland, as he claimed).<ref>Chris Gostick, "Extra Material on James Hanley's ''Boy''" from the OneWorld Classics edition of ''Boy'' (2007).</ref> While he published a number of novels he also wrote [[radio drama|radio plays]] for the BBC as well as some film scripts, most notably ''[[The Blue Max]]'' (1966).<ref>Irishwriters online.</ref> He was also one of several scriptwriters for a life of [[Gandhi]] (1964).<ref>''The Times'', 29 November 1982; pg. 11; see also "Gandhi's Life As A Film", ''The Times'' 16 December 1964; pg. 7.</ref> Novelist [[Beryl Bainbridge]] (1932–2010) was born in Liverpool and raised in nearby [[Formby]]. She was primarily known for her works of [[psychological fiction]], often set among the English working classes. Bainbridge won the [[Costa Book Awards|Whitbread Awards]] prize for best novel in [[1977 Whitbread Awards|1977]] and [[1996 Whitbread Awards|1996]] and was nominated five times for the [[Booker Prize]]. ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper named Bainbridge among their list of "The 50 greatest [[British literature|British writers]] since 1945".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece|title=The 50 greatest British writers since 1945|date=5 January 2008|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=19 February 2010|archive-date=25 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425050801/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[J. G. Farrell]] was born in Liverpool in 1935 but left at the outbreak of war in 1939.<ref>Ralph Crane, "A Man from Elsewhere: The Liminal Presence of Liverpool in the Fiction of J. G. Farrell". ''Writing Liverpool:Essays and Interviews''. (Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press, 2007), pp.88–9.</ref> A novelist of Irish descent, Farrell gained prominence for his historical fiction, most notably his ''Empire Trilogy'' (''[[Troubles (novel)|Troubles]]'', ''[[The Siege of Krishnapur]]'' and ''[[The Singapore Grip]]''), dealing with the political and human consequences of British colonial rule. However, his career ended when he drowned in Ireland in 1979 at the age of 44.

[[Helen Forrester]] was the pen name of June Bhatia (née Huband) (1919–2011),<ref name="Obituary">{{cite news|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edmontonjournal/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=154799376|title=June BHATIA Obituary|newspaper=[[Edmonton Journal]]|date=27 November 2011|access-date=30 November 2011|archive-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213185117/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edmontonjournal/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=154799376|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/dec/02/helen-forrester|title=Helen Forrester obituary|last=Bradley|first=Kate|date=2 December 2011|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|access-date=9 December 2011|location=London|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509230951/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/dec/02/helen-forrester|url-status=live}}</ref> who was known for her books about her early childhood in Liverpool during the [[Great Depression]], including ''Twopence to Cross the Mersey'' (1974), as well as several works of fiction. During the late 1960s the city became well known for the [[Liverpool poets]], who include [[Roger McGough]] and the late [[Adrian Henri]]. An anthology of poems, ''[[The Mersey Sound (book)|The Mersey Sound]]'', written by Henri, McGough and [[Brian Patten]], has sold well since it was first being published in 1967.

Liverpool has produced several noted writers of horror fiction, often set on Merseyside – [[Ramsey Campbell]], [[Clive Barker]] and Peter Atkins among them. A collection of Liverpudlian horror fiction, ''Spook City'' was edited by a Liverpool expatriate, Angus Mackenzie, and introduced by Doug Bradley, also from Liverpool.<ref>{{Citation|first=A.|last=Mackenzie|title=Spook City|publisher=PS Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84863-025-3}}</ref> Bradley is famed for portraying Barker's creation Pinhead in the ''Hellraiser'' series of films.