Editing History of the Philippines (section)

=== Administration of Corazon Aquino (1986–1992) ===
{{Main|Presidency of Corazon Aquino}}
[[File:Corazon Aquino inauguration.jpg|thumb|[[Corazon Aquino]], widow of the [[Assassination of Ninoy Aquino|assassinated]] opposition leader [[Ninoy Aquino]], takes the Oath of Office on February 25, 1986]]
[[File:Pinatubo ash plume 910612.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mount Pinatubo]] erupted in 1991.]]

Corazon Aquino immediately formed a revolutionary government to normalize the situation, and provided for a transitional "[[Constitution of the Philippines#The 1986 Freedom Constitution|Freedom Constitution]]".<ref>{{Harvnb|Agoncillo|1990|p=585}}</ref> A new permanent constitution was ratified and enacted in February 1987.<ref>{{Harvnb|Agoncillo|1990|p=586}}</ref>

The constitution crippled presidential power to declare martial law, proposed the creation of autonomous regions in the [[Cordillera Administrative Region|Cordilleras]] and [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao|Muslim Mindanao]], and restored the presidential form of government and the bicameral Congress.<ref name="usdos">{{cite web|title=Background Notes: Philippines, November 1996|url=http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/eap/philippines9611.html|publisher=U.S. Department of State|access-date=August 16, 2006|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084020/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/eap/philippines9611.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Progress was made in revitalizing democratic institutions and respect for civil liberties, but Aquino's administration was also viewed as weak and fractious, and a return to full political stability and economic development was hampered by several attempted coups staged by disaffected members of the Philippine military.<ref name="cnn-cory">{{cite web|title=Then & Now: Corazon Aquino|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/US/09/19/cnn25.aquino.tan/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=August 16, 2006}}</ref>

Economic growth was additionally hampered by a series of natural disasters, including the [[1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo]] that left 700 dead and 200,000 homeless.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pinatubo – Eruption Features|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/stratoguide/pinfeat.html|publisher=National Geophysical Data Center|access-date=April 3, 2010}}</ref>

During the Aquino presidency, Manila witnessed [[1986–90 Philippine coup attempts|six unsuccessful coup attempts]], the [[1989 Philippine coup attempt|most serious]] occurring in December 1989.<ref>{{Harvnb|Riggs|1994|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8NBc_QT26ZoC&pg=PA129 129–130]}} (footnote 18)</ref>

In 1991, the Philippine Senate rejected a treaty that would have allowed a 10-year extension of the U.S. military bases in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shenon |first1=Philip |title=PHILIPPINE SENATE VOTES TO REJECT U.S. BASE RENEWAL |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/16/world/philippine-senate-votes-to-reject-us-base-renewal.html |work=The New York Times |date=September 16, 1991 }}</ref> The United States turned over [[Clark Air Base]] in [[Pampanga]] to the government in November, and [[Subic Bay Naval Base]] in [[Zambales]] in December 1992, ending almost a century of U.S. military presence in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Branigin|first=William|date=November 24, 1992|title=U.S. MILITARY ENDS ROLE IN PHILIPPINES|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/11/24/us-military-ends-role-in-philippines/a1be8c14-0681-44ab-b869-a6ee439727b7/}}</ref>