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=== 1980s === The [[Tore Supra]], [[Joint European Torus|JET]], [[T-15 (reactor)|T-15]], and [[JT-60]] tokamaks were built in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-drfc.cea.fr/gb/cea/ts/ts.htm |title=Tore Supra |access-date=February 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115112229/http://www-drfc.cea.fr/gb/cea/ts/ts.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smirnov |first=V. P. |date=December 30, 2009 |title=Tokamak foundation in USSR/Russia 1950β1990 |url=http://fire.pppl.gov/nf_50th_5_Smirnov.pdf |journal=Nuclear Fusion |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=014003 |doi=10.1088/0029-5515/50/1/014003 |issn=0029-5515 |s2cid=17487157}}</ref> In 1984, Martin Peng of ORNL proposed the [[spherical tokamak]] with a much smaller radius.<ref>Y-K Martin Peng, "Spherical Torus, Compact Fusion at Low Yield". Oak Ridge National Laboratory/FEDC-87/7 (December 1984)</ref> It used a single large conductor in the center, with magnets as half-rings off this conductor. The aspect ratio fell to as low as 1.2.<ref name="Small Tight">{{Cite journal|last=Sykes|first=Alan|date=1997|title=High Ξ² produced by neutral beam injection in the START (Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak) spherical tokamak|journal=Physics of Plasmas|language=en|volume=4|issue=5|pages=1665β1671|doi=10.1063/1.872271|bibcode=1997PhPl....4.1665S|issn=1070-664X|doi-access=free}}</ref><sup>:B247</sup><ref>{{Cite book|last=Braams, C. M. |title=Nuclear fusion: half a century of magnetic confinement fusion research|author2=Stott, P. E. |year=2002|publisher=Institute of Physics Pub. |isbn=978-0367801519|oclc=1107880260}}</ref><sup>:225</sup> Peng's advocacy caught the interest of [[Derek Robinson (physicist)|Derek Robinson]], who built the [[Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak]], (START).<ref name="Small Tight" />
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