Editing Slovenia (section)

=== Visual arts, architecture and design ===

Slovenia's visual arts, architecture, and design are shaped by a number of architects, designers, painters, sculptors, photographers, graphics artists, as well as comics, illustration and conceptual artists. Two significant prestigious institutions exhibiting works of Slovene visual artists are the [[National Gallery of Slovenia]] and the [[Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana|Museum of Modern Art]].

[[Modern architecture]] in Slovenia was introduced by [[Max Fabiani]], and in the mid-war period, [[Jože Plečnik]] and [[Ivan Vurnik]].<ref name="Štravs2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.delo.si/clanek/147475 |title=Vurnikova hiša na Miklošičevi: najlepša hiša v Ljubljani |language=sl |newspaper=Delo.si |first=Smilja |last=Štravs |publisher=Delo, d. d. |date=8 April 2011 |issn=1854-6544}}</ref> In the second half of the 20th century, the national and universal style were merged by the architects [[Edvard Ravnikar]] and first generation of his students: Milan Mihelič, Stanko Kristl, Savin Sever. The next generation is mainly still active, including [[Marko Mušič]], [[Vojteh Ravnikar]], and [[Jurij Kobe]]. Selected works of Jože Plečnik which shaped Ljubljana during the inter-war period were inscribed on [[UNESCO]]'s list of [[World Heritage Site]]s in 2021.<ref name="plecnik whc">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1643|title=The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |date=28 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref>

A number of [[conceptual art|conceptual visual art]] groups formed, including [[OHO (art group)|OHO]], [[Group 69]], and [[IRWIN]]. Nowadays, the Slovene visual arts are diverse, based on tradition, reflect the influence of neighboring nations and are intertwined with modern European movements.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlb.si/razstava-uznlb-v-bruslju |title=Razstava UZNLB v Bruslju – NLB |publisher=Nlb.si |access-date=2 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428133728/http://www.nlb.si/razstava-uznlb-v-bruslju |archive-date=28 April 2009}}</ref>

Internationally most notable Slovenian design items include the 1952 [[Rex (chair)|Rex]] chair, a [[Scandinavian design]]-inspired wooden chair, by interior designer [[Niko Kralj]] that was given in 2012 a permanent place in [[Designmuseum]], [[Denmark]], the largest museum of design in Scandinavia, and is included in the collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art, New York|Museum of Modern Art]] [[Museum of Modern Art|MOMA]] in New York City, as well. An [[industrial design]] item that has changed the international ski industry is [[Elan SCX]] by [[Elan (company)|Elan]] company.

[[File:V. Vodnik monument Ljubljana front side 2008-03.jpg|thumb|upright|The sculpture of the poet [[Valentin Vodnik]] was created by Alojz Gangl in 1889 as part of [[Vodnik Monument]], the first Slovene national monument.]]
The renewal of Slovene sculpture begun with [[Alojz Gangl]] who created sculptures for the public monuments of the [[Carniola]]n polymath [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]] and [[Valentin Vodnik]], the first Slovene poet and journalist, as well as ''The Genius of the Theatre'' and other statues for the [[Slovenian National Opera and Ballet Theatre]] building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=30&prikaz=opis&p=1|title=Kiparstvo 19. in 20. stoletja|access-date=1 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001135943/http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=30&prikaz=opis&p=1|archive-date=1 October 2006}}</ref> The development of sculpture after World War II was led by a number of artists, including brothers [[Boris Kalin|Boris]] and [[Zdenko Kalin]], [[Jakob Savinšek]] stayed with figural art. Younger sculptors, for example [[Janez Boljka]], [[Drago Tršar]] and particularly [[Slavko Tihec]], moved towards [[abstract sculpture|abstract]] forms. [[Jakov Brdar]] and [[Mirsad Begić]] returned to human figures.

During World War II, numerous graphics were created by [[Božidar Jakac]], who helped establish the post-war [[Academy of Visual Arts and Design, Ljubljana|Academy of Visual Arts]] in Ljubljana.

In 1917 [[Hinko Smrekar]] illustrated [[Fran Levstik]]'s book about the well-known Slovene folk hero [[Martin Krpan]]. The children's books illustrators include a number of women illustrators, such as [[Marlenka Stupica]], [[Marija Lucija Stupica]], [[Ančka Gošnik Godec]], [[Marjanca Jemec Božič]], and [[Jelka Reichman]].

Historically, painting and sculpture in Slovenia was in the late 18th and the 19th century marked by [[Neoclassicism]] ([[Matevž Langus]]), [[Biedermeier#Visual arts|Biedermeier]] ([[Giuseppe Tominz]]) and [[Romantic visual arts|Romanticism]] ([[Michael Stroy]]). The first art exhibition in Slovenia was organized in the late 19th century by [[Ivana Kobilca]]. [[impressionism (arts)|Impressionist]] artists include [[Matej Sternen]], [[Matija Jama]], [[Rihard Jakopič]], [[Ivan Grohar]] whose ''The Sower'' (Slovene: Sejalec) was depicted on the €0.05 [[Slovenian euro coins]], and [[Franc Berneker]], who introduced impressionism to Slovenia. [[Expressionism|Espressionist]] painters include [[Veno Pilon]] and [[Tone Kralj]] whose picture book, reprinted thirteen times, is now the most recognisable image of Martin Krpan.<ref>[http://www.posta.si/Namizje.aspx?tabid=397&artikelid=7550] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040723081925/http://www.posta.si/Namizje.aspx?tabid=397&artikelid=7550|date=23 July 2004}}</ref> Some of the best known painters in the second half of the 20th century were [[Zoran Mušič]], [[Gabrijel Stupica]] and [[Marij Pregelj]].

In 1841, [[Janez Puhar]] invented a process for photography on glass, recognized on 17 June 1852 in Paris by the Académie Nationale Agricole, Manufacturière et Commerciale.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.puhar.si/?J=202000004 | title=Life and work of Janez Puhar &#124; (accessed December 13, 2009) | access-date=22 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511112455/http://www.puhar.si/?J=202000004 | archive-date=11 May 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gojmir Anton Kos]] was a notable [[Realism (arts)|realist]] painter and photographer between First World War and WW II.