Editing Mircea Eliade (section)

==Cultural legacy==

===Tributes===
[[Image:Stamp of Moldova 038.jpg|thumb|230px|Eliade's portrait on a Moldovan stamp]]
[[File:Aleea Clasicilor Eliade.jpg|thumb|230px|Portrait on the [[Alley of Classics, Chişinău|Alley of Classics]], Chişinău]]
An endowed chair in the History of Religions at the [[University of Chicago]] Divinity School was named after Eliade in recognition of his wide contribution to the research on this subject; the first holder of this chair is [[Wendy Doniger]], who was succeeded by Brook Ziporyn in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brook A. Ziporyn Lecture |url=https://divinity.uchicago.edu/news/brook-ziporyn-lecture |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=divinity.uchicago.edu |language=en}}</ref>

To evaluate the legacy of Eliade and [[Joachim Wach]] within the discipline of the history of religions, the University of Chicago chose 2006 (the intermediate year between the 50th anniversary of Wach's death and the 100th anniversary of Eliade's birth), to hold a two-day conference to reflect upon their academic contributions and their political lives in their social and historical contexts, as well as the relationship between their works and their lives.<ref name="Hermeneutics in History"/>

In 1990, after the [[Romanian Revolution of 1989|Romanian Revolution]], Eliade was elected posthumously to the [[Romanian Academy]]. In Romania, Mircea Eliade's legacy in the field of the history of religions is mirrored by the journal ''Archaeus'' (founded 1997, and affiliated with the [[University of Bucharest]] Faculty of History). The 6th European Association for the Study of Religion and International Association for the History of Religions Special Conference on ''Religious History of Europe and Asia'' took place from September 20 to September 23, 2006, in [[Bucharest]]. An important section of the Congress was dedicated to the memory of Mircea Eliade, whose legacy in the field of history of religions was scrutinized by various scholars, some of whom were his direct students at the University of Chicago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rahr.ro/RAHR/Conference2006/index.htm |title=''The Sixth EASR and IAHR Special Conference'' |access-date=2009-07-13 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011070115/http://www.rahr.ro/RAHR/Conference2006/index.htm |archive-date=October 11, 2006 }}; retrieved July 29, 2007</ref>

As Antohi noted, Eliade, [[Emil Cioran]] and [[Constantin Noica]] "represent in [[Culture of Romania|Romanian culture]] ultimate expressions of excellence, [Eliade and Cioran] being regarded as proof that Romania's [[Interwar period|interwar]] culture (and, by extension, Romanian culture as a whole) was able to reach the ultimate levels of depth, sophistication and creativity."<ref name="Antohi p.xxiii"/> A [[TVR 1|Romanian Television 1]] poll carried out in 2006 nominated Mircea Eliade as the 7th Greatest Romanian in history; his case was argued by the journalist [[Dragoş Bucurenci]] (''see [[100 greatest Romanians]]''). His name was given to a boulevard in the northern Bucharest area of [[Primăverii]], to a street in [[Cluj-Napoca]], and to high schools in Bucharest, [[Sighişoara]], and [[Reşiţa]]. The Eliades' house on Melodiei Street was torn down during the [[Communist Romania|communist regime]], and an apartment block was raised in its place; his second residence, on [[Dacia Boulevard]], features a memorial plaque in his honor.<ref name="vilasanjpaseo"/>

Eliade's image in contemporary culture also has political implications. Historian [[Irina Livezeanu]] proposed that the respect he enjoys in Romania is matched by that of other "nationalist thinkers and politicians" who "have reentered the contemporary scene largely as heroes of a pre- and anticommunist past", including Nae Ionescu and Cioran, but also [[Ion Antonescu]] and [[Nichifor Crainic]].<ref>[[Irina Livezeanu]], ''Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930'', [[Cornell University Press]], New York City, 1995, p. x. {{ISBN|0-8014-8688-2}}</ref> In parallel, according to Oişteanu (who relied his assessment on Eliade's own personal notes), Eliade's interest in the American hippie community was reciprocated by members of the latter, some of whom reportedly viewed Eliade as "a [[guru]]".<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Eliade has also been hailed as an inspiration by German representatives of the ''[[Neue Rechte]]'', claiming legacy from the [[Conservative Revolutionary movement]] (among them is the controversial magazine ''[[Junge Freiheit]]'' and the essayist [[Karlheinz Weißmann]]).<ref name="altitudini">[http://www.altitudini.ro/articles.php?ai=1399 "Biografia lui Mircea Eliade la o editură germană radicală de dreapta" ("Mircea Eliade's Biography at a Right-Wing Radical German Publishing House")] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903051830/http://www.altitudini.ro/articles.php?ai=1399 |date=2007-09-03 }}, in [http://www.altitudini.ro/ ''Altitudini''], Nr. 17, July 2007; retrieved November 8, 2007 {{in lang|ro}}</ref> In 2007, Florin Ţurcanu's biographical volume on Eliade was issued in a German translation by the Antaios publishing house, which is mouthpiece for the ''Neue Rechte''.<ref name="altitudini"/> The edition was not reviewed by the mainstream German press.<ref name="altitudini"/> Other sections of the European far right also claim Eliade as an inspiration, and consider his contacts with the Iron Guard to be a merit—among their representatives are the Italian [[Neo-fascism|neofascist]] [[Claudio Mutti]] and Romanian groups who trace their origin to the Legionary Movement.<ref name="Oişteanu, Angajamentul..."/>

===Portrayals, filmography and dramatizations===
Early on, Mircea Eliade's novels were the subject of satire: before the two of them became friends, [[Nicolae Steinhardt]], using the pen name ''Antisthius'', authored and published [[Parody|parodies]] of them.<ref name="Steinhardt, in Handoca"/> [[Maitreyi Devi]], who strongly objected to Eliade's account of their encounter and relationship, wrote her own novel as a reply to his ''[[Bengal Nights (novel)|Maitreyi]]''; written in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], it was titled ''[[Na Hanyate]]'' ('It Does Not Die').<ref name="kamani"/>

Several authors, including [[Ioan Petru Culianu]], have drawn a parallel between [[Eugène Ionesco]]'s [[Theatre of the Absurd|Absurdist]] play of 1959, ''[[Rhinoceros (play)|Rhinoceros]]'', which depicts the population of a small town falling victim to a mass metamorphosis, and the impact fascism had on Ionesco's closest friends (Eliade included).<ref>Oişteanu, "Angajamentul..."; Ornea, pp. 19, 181</ref>

In 2000, [[Saul Bellow]] published his controversial ''[[Ravelstein]]'' novel. Having for its setting the [[University of Chicago]], it had among its characters Radu Grielescu, who was identified by several critics as Eliade. The latter's portrayal, accomplished through statements made by the eponymous character, is polemical: Grielescu, who is identified as a disciple of [[Nae Ionescu]], took part in the [[Legionnaires' Rebellion and Bucharest Pogrom|Bucharest Pogrom]], and is in Chicago as a refugee scholar, searching for the friendship of a Jewish colleague as a means to rehabilitate himself.<ref>[[Mircea Iorgulescu]], [http://www.revista22.ro/html/index.php?nr=2002-05-27&art=103 "Portretul artistului ca delincvent politic" ("The Portrait of the Artist as a Political Offender"), Part I] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008065648/http://www.revista22.ro/html/index.php?nr=2002-05-27&art=103|date=2007-10-08}}, in ''[[22 (magazine)|22]]'', Nr.637, May 2002; retrieved July 16, 2007 {{in lang|ro}}</ref> In 2005, the Romanian literary critic and translator Antoaneta Ralian, who was an acquaintance of Bellow's, argued that much of the negative portrayal was owed to a personal choice Bellow made (after having divorced from [[Alexandra Bellow|Alexandra Bagdasar]], his Romanian wife and Eliade disciple).<ref name="ralian">[http://www.hotnews.ro/articol_19388-A-incetat-din-viata-laureatul-Premiului-Nobel-Saul-Bellow.htm Antoaneta Ralian, interviewed on the occasion of Saul Bellow's death] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929110532/http://www.hotnews.ro/articol_19388-A-incetat-din-viata-laureatul-Premiului-Nobel-Saul-Bellow.htm |date=2007-09-29 }}, [[BBC|BBC Romania]], April 7, 2005 (hosted by hotnews.ro); retrieved July 16, 2007 {{in lang|ro}}</ref> She also mentioned that, during a 1979 interview, Bellow had expressed admiration for Eliade.<ref name="ralian" />

The film ''Mircea Eliade et la redécouverte du Sacré'' (1987), and part of the television series ''Architecture et Géographie sacrées'' by [[Paul Barbă Neagră]], discuss Eliade's works.

==== Film adaptations ====
*''[[The Bengali Night]]'' (1988), directed by [[Nicolas Klotz]]
* ''[[Miss Christina (1992 film)|Domnişoara Christina]]'' ('Miss Christina', 1992), directed by Viorel Sergovici
*''[[Șarpele]]'' ('The Snake', 1996)
*''[[Eu sunt Adam]]!'' (1996), directed by [[Dan Pița]]
*[[Youth Without Youth (film)|''Youth Without Youth'']] (2007), directed by [[Francis Ford Coppola]]
*''Domnişoara Christina'' (2013)
''[[The Bengali Night]]'', a 1988 film directed by [[Nicolas Klotz]] and based upon the French translation of ''Maitreyi'', stars British actor [[Hugh Grant]] as Allan, the European character based on Eliade, while [[Supriya Pathak]] is Gayatri, a character based on Maitreyi Devi (who had refused to be mentioned by name).<ref name="kamani" /> The film, considered "simply" by [[Hinduism|Hindu]] activists, was only shown once in India.<ref name="kamani" />

==== Live adaptations ====

* ''Domnișoara Christina'' (1981), opera at the Romanian Radio<ref name=":0">[http://www.cimec.ro/Muzica/evenimadd/simn2004/ZiuaIV.htm ''Săptămâna Internaţională a Muzicii Noi. Ediţia a 14-a – 23–30 Mai 2004. Detalii festival'' ("The International New Music Week. 14th Edition – May 23–30, 2004. Festival Details")] {{in lang|ro}}, at the [http://www.cimec.ro/e_default.htm Institute for Cultural Memory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919180706/http://cimec.ro/e_default.htm|date=2010-09-19}}; retrieved February 18, 2008</ref>
* ''Iphigenia'' (1982), play at the [[National Theater Bucharest]]<ref name="raifigenia" />
* ''La señorita Cristina'' (2000), opera at the [[Teatro Real]], Madrid<ref name="jgspania" />
* ''Cazul Gavrilescu'' ('The Gavrilescu Case', 2001), play at the [[Nottara Theater]]<ref name=":1">[[Irina Margareta Nistor]], [http://agenda.liternet.ro/articol/5148/Irina-Margareta-Nistor/Un-cuplu-creator-de-teatru---Gelu-si-Roxana-Colceag.html "Un cuplu creator de teatru – Gelu şi Roxana Colceag" ("A Theater Producing Couple – Gelu and Roxana Colceag")], September 2001, at the [http://agenda.liternet.ro/ LiterNet publishing house]; retrieved January 18, 2008 {{in lang|ro}}</ref>
* La Țigănci (2003), play at the [[Odeon Theatre (Bucharest)|Odeon Theater]]<ref name=":2">[http://www.adevarul.ro/index.php?section=articole&screen=index&id=39710&duminica=1 "''La ţigănci''...&nbsp;cu Popescu" (''To the Gypsy Girls''...&nbsp;with Popescu")] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327210015/http://www.adevarul.ro/index.php?section=articole&screen=index&id=39710&duminica=1|date=2008-03-27}}, in ''[[Adevărul]]'', May 31, 2003; retrieved December 4, 2007 {{in lang|ro}}</ref>
* ''Apocalipsa după Mircea Eliade'' ('The Apocalypse According to Mircea Eliade', 2007)<ref name=":3">[http://www.gandul.info/arte/scrieri-eliade-visniec-cadrul-festivalului-enescu.html?3940;909322 "Scrieri de Eliade şi Vişniec, în cadrul festivalului Enescu" ("Texts by Eliade and Vişniec, as Part of the Enescu Festival")] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922041749/http://www.gandul.info/arte/scrieri-eliade-visniec-cadrul-festivalului-enescu.html?3940;909322|date=2007-09-22}}, in ''[[Gândul]]'', September 12, 2007; retrieved December 4, 2007 {{in lang|ro}}</ref>

Eliade's ''Iphigenia'' was again included in theater programs during the late years of the [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] regime: in January 1982, a new version, directed by [[Ion Cojar]], premiered at the [[National Theater Bucharest]], starring [[Mircea Albulescu]], [[Tania Filip]] and [[Adrian Pintea]] in some of the main roles.<ref name="raifigenia" />

{{Interlanguage link|La Țigănci|lt=La Țigănci|ro||WD=|italic=yes}} has been the basis for two theater adaptations: ''Cazul Gavrilescu'' ('The Gavrilescu Case'), directed by [[Gelu Colceag]] and hosted by the Nottara Theater;<ref name=":1" /> and an eponymous play by director Alexandru Hausvater, first staged by the [[Odeon Theatre (Bucharest)|Odeon Theater]] in 2003, starring, among others, [[Adriana Trandafir]], [[Florin Zamfirescu]], and [[Carmen Tănase]].<ref name=":2" />

In March 2007, on Eliade's 100th birthday, the [[Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company]] hosted the ''Mircea Eliade Week'', during which [[radio drama]] adaptations of several works were broadcast.<ref>[http://agenda.liternet.ro/articol/3964/Comunicat-de-presa/Saptamana-Mircea-Eliade-la-Radio-Romania.html "Săptămâna ''Mircea Eliade'' la Radio România" ("The ''Mircea Eliade'' Week on Radio Romania")] (2007 press communique) {{in lang|ro}}, at the [http://agenda.liternet.ro/ LiterNet publishing house]; retrieved December 4, 2007</ref> In September of that year, director and dramatist Cezarina Udrescu staged a [[multimedia]] performance based on a number of works Mircea Eliade wrote during his stay in [[Portugal]]; titled ''Apocalipsa după Mircea Eliade'' ('The Apocalypse According to Mircea Eliade'), and shown as part of a Romanian Radio cultural campaign, it starred [[Ion Caramitru]], [[Oana Pellea]] and [[Răzvan Vasilescu]].<ref name=":3" />

''Domnișoara Christina'' has been the subject of two operas: the first, carrying the same Romanian title, was authored by Romanian composer [[Șerban Nichifor]] and premiered in 1981 at the Romanian Radio;<ref name=":0" /> the second, titled ''La señorita Cristina'', was written by Spanish composer [[Luis de Pablo]] and premiered in 2000 at the [[Teatro Real]] in Madrid.<ref name="jgspania" />