Editing Manchu language (section)

====== Perfect indicative ======
The perfect indicative form in ''-habi/-hebi/-hobi'' is derived from the perfect participle in ''-ha/-he/-ho'' and the copula verb ''-bi'' "to be". It expresses an action in the past:<ref>Gorelova 2002, 290; Haenisch 1986, 57; Möllendorff 1892, 9.</ref> ''arahabi'' "I wrote, I have written."
{{interlinear
| indent = 4|nimanggi i elden de bithe hūla-habi|snow GEN light DAT book read-PERF|"One read books by the light (reflected) in snow."
}}
The second part of the suffix, originating from the copula verb ''bi-'', can also be replaced by ''kai'': ''alahabi'', ''alaha kai'' "narrated".<ref>Gorelova 2002, 291.</ref>

'''Frequentative indicative'''

The form in ''-mbihebi'' is derived from the durative participle and the verb ''bi-'' "to be". It expresses usual and frequent actions in the distant past:

{{interlinear|hūwangheo beye nimala fata-mbihebi|Empress self mulberry.tree pick-{{gcl|FREQ}}|"The Empresses themselves used to pick berries from the mulberry tree"
| indent = 4
}}