Editing Xenophobia (section)

==== South Africa ====
{{Main|Xenophobia in South Africa}}

[[File:People's March Anti Xenophobia.jpg|thumb|March against [[xenophobia in South Africa]], Johannesburg, 23 April 2015]]
Xenophobia in South Africa has been present in both the [[apartheid]] and [[History of South Africa (1994–present)|post–apartheid]] eras. Hostility between the British and [[Boer]]s exacerbated by the [[Second Boer War]] led to rebellion by poor Afrikaners who looted British-owned shops.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blgjhkGD0vgC |title=The Afrikaners: Biography of a People |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |author=Giliomee, Hermann |year=2003 |page=383 |isbn=978-1-85065-714-9}}</ref> South Africa also passed numerous acts intended to keep out Indians, such as the Immigrants Regulation Act of 1913, which provided for the exclusion of "undesirables", a group of people that included Indians. This effectively halted Indian immigration. The Township Franchise Ordinance of 1924 was intended to "deprive Indians of municipal franchise".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/politics-and-society/anti-indian-legislation-1800s-1959 |title=Anti-Indian Legislation 1800s – 1959 |work=South African History Online |date=21 March 2011 |access-date=27 June 2016}}</ref> Xenophobic attitudes toward the Chinese have also been present, sometimes in the form of robberies or hijackings,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/940619/chinese-traders-changed-south-africa-now-theyre-leaving/|title=Chinese migrants have changed the face of South Africa. Now they're leaving.|last=Kuo|first=Lily|website=Quartz Africa|date=30 April 2017 |language=en|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> and a hate speech case in 2018 was put to court the year later with 11 offenders on trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-03-14-hate-speech-case-a-message-about-racism-discrimination/|title=ANTI-CHINESE SENTIMENT: Hate speech case a message about racism, discrimination|last=Ho|first=Ufrieda|website=Daily Maverick|date=14 March 2019|language=en|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref>

In 1994 and 1995, gangs of armed youth destroyed the homes of foreign nationals living in [[Johannesburg]], demanding that the police work to repatriate them to their home countries.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/xenophobic-violence-democratic-south-africa |title=Xenophobic violence in democratic South Africa |work=South Africa History Online |access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref>
In 2008, a widely documented spate of xenophobic attacks occurred in Johannesburg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/20/world/africa/20safrica.html |title=South Africans Take Out Rage on Immigrants |work=The New York Times |date=20 May 2008 |access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/20/zimbabwe.southafrica |title=Thousands seek sanctuary as South Africans turn on refugees |work=The Guardian |date=20 May 2008 |access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7407914.stm |title=Thousands flee S Africa attacks |work=BBC News |date=19 May 2008 |access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref> It is estimated that tens of thousands of migrants were displaced; property, businesses and homes were widely looted.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-05-28-analysis-the-ugly-truth-behind-sas-xenophobic-violence/ |title=Analysis: The ugly truth behind SA's xenophobic violence |work=Daily Maverick |date=28 May 2013 |access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref> The death toll after the attack stood at 56.<ref name="auto1" />

In 2015, another widely documented series of [[2015 South African xenophobic riots|xenophobic attacks]] occurred in South Africa, mostly against migrant Zimbabweans.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news |url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/xenophobia-death-toll-climbs-to-7/ |title=Xenophobia death toll climbs to 7 |work=The Chronicle |date=20 April 2015 |access-date=30 June 2016 |author=Kazunga, Oliver}}</ref> This followed remarks by [[Zulu people|Zulu]] King [[Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu]] stating that the migrants should "pack their bags and leave".<ref name="auto1" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/deaths-south-africa-mobs-target-foreigners-150415063058933.html |title=Deaths in South Africa as mobs target foreigners |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=15 April 2015 |access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref> As of 20 April 2015, 7 people had died and more than 2000 foreigners had been displaced.<ref name="auto2" />

Following the riots and murders of other Africans from 2008 and 2015, violence again [[2019 Johannesburg riots|broke out in 2019]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Xenophobic violence flares in South Africa |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/09/14/xenophobic-violence-flares-in-south-africa |access-date=13 September 2019 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=14 September 2019 |quote=Dozens of people were killed in anti-foreigner riots in 2008 and 2015. But the most recent outbreak of violence shines a particularly harsh light on the rabble-rousing of South African politicians, some of whom have blamed migrants for supposedly taking jobs from locals and committing crimes.}}</ref>