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===Cited sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Abbott |first=Frank Frost |year=2001 |orig-date=1901 |title=A history and description of Roman political institutions |publisher=Elibron Classics |isbn=0-54392-749-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Alföldy |first=Geza |title=The social history of Rome |year=2014 |orig-date=First published, in German, 1975 |publisher=Routledge Revivals |isbn=978-1-317-66858-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zP_OBAAAQBAJ}} * {{Cite journal |last=Austin |first=Roland |title=Roman Board Games |journal=Greece & Rome |volume=4 |issue=10 |date=October 1934 |pages=24–34 |doi=10.1017/S0017383500002941 |s2cid=162861940 |issn=0017-3835}} * {{Cite book |last=Bannon |first=Cynthia |title=Gardens and Neighbors: Private Water Rights in Roman Italy |date=2009 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-03353-9}} * {{Cite book |last=Bauman |first=Richard |title=Women and Politics in Ancient Rome |publisher=Routledge |orig-date=1992 |date=1994}} * {{Cite book |first=Mary |last=Beard |last2=North |first2=John |last3=Price |first3=S. 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W. |editor-last4=Ogilvie |editor-first4=R. M. |title=Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC |series=Cambridge Ancient History |date=1989 |volume=8 |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521234481 |isbn=978-1-139-05436-2 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-ancient-history/B1763159872AF92ACDBBA348E312FC3D |ref={{Harvid|CAH<sup>2</sup> 8|1989}}}} ** {{Harvc |last=Scullard |first=H. H. |c=The Carthaginians in Spain |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 8 |year=1989 |anchor-year=1989b |pages=17–43}} ** {{Harvc |last=Briscoe |first=John |c=The second Punic war |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 8 |year=1989 |pages=44–80}} ** {{Harvc |last=Errington |first=R. M. |c=Rome against Philip and Antiochus |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 8 |year=1989 |pages=244–289}} ** {{Harvc |last=Derow |first=P. S. |c=Rome, the fall of Macedon, and the sack of Corinth |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 8 |year=1989 |pages=290–323}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Crook |editor-first=J. A. |editor-last2=Lintott |editor-first2=Andrew |editor-link2=Andrew Lintott |editor-last3=Rawson |editor-first3=Elizabeth |title=The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 BC |series=Cambridge Ancient History |date=1992 |volume=9 |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521256032 |isbn=978-1-139-05437-9 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-ancient-history/1045FF4F56B492EAE08E750319AE0E0C |ref={{Harvid|CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |1992}}}} ** {{Harvc |last=Lintott |first=A. |c=The Roman empire and its problems in the late second century |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |anchor-year=1992a |pages=16–39}} ** {{Harvc |last=Lintott |first=A. |c=Political history, 146–95 BC |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |anchor-year=1992b |pages=40–103}} ** {{Harvc |last=Gabba |first=E. |c=Rome and Italy: the Social War |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |pages=104–128}} ** {{Harvc |last=Nicolet |first=Claude |c=Economy and Society, c. 133–143 BC |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |pages=599–643}} ** {{Harvc |last=Seager |first=Robin |c=Sulla |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |anchor-year=1992a |pages=165–207}} ** {{Harvc |last=Seager |first=Robin |c=The rise of Pompey |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |anchor-year=1992b |pages=208–228}} ** {{Harvc |last=Sherwin-White |first=A. N. |c=Lucullus, Pompey, and the East |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |pages=229–273}} ** {{Harvc |last=Wiseman |first=T. P. |c=The senate and the ''populares'' |in=CAH<sup>2</sup> 9 |year=1992 |pages=327–367}} * {{Cite book |last=Dalby |first=Andrew |chapter=Posca |title=Food in the Ancient World from A to Z |publisher=Routledge |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-415-23259-3}} * {{Cite journal |last=D'Arms |first=J. B. |title=Senators' Involvement in Commerce in the Late Republic: Some Ciceronian Evidence |journal=Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome |volume=36 |issue=The Seaborne Commerce of Ancient Rome: Studies in Archaeology and History |date=1980 |pages=77–89 |jstor=4238697}} * {{Cite journal |last=Develin |first=R. |date=1978 |title="Provocatio" and Plebiscites. Early Roman Legislation and the Historical Tradition |journal=Mnemosyne |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=45–60 |doi=10.1163/156852578X00256 |jstor=4430760}} * {{Cite book |last=Eckstein |first=Arthur M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Czk_jxbHEDQC |title=Rome Enters the Greek East: From Anarchy to Hierarchy in the Hellenistic Mediterranean, 230–170 BC |date=2012 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-118-25536-0 |lccn=2007037809}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Edmondson |editor-first=JC |editor-last2=Keith |editor-first2=A. |title=Roman dress and the fabrics of Roman culture |date=2008 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-442-61079-8 |doi=10.3138/9781442689039 |url=http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz276882725inh.htm}} * {{Cite book |last=Eiland |first=Murray |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.30861/9781407360713 |title=Picturing Roman Belief Systems: The iconography of coins in the Republic and Empire |date=2023 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |isbn=978-1-407-36071-3 |page=31 |doi=10.30861/9781407360713}} * {{Cite book |last=Fagan |first=Garrett |title=Bathing in Public in the Roman World |publisher=University of Michigan Press |date=1999}} * {{Cite book |last=Farrell |first=Joseph |title=Latin Language and Latin Culture |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2001}} * {{Cite book |last=Flower |first=Harriet |title=Ancestor Masks and Aristocratic Power in Roman Culture |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1996}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Flower |editor-first=Harriet |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic |date=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=1st}} ** {{Harvc |last=Culham |first=Phyllis |c=Women in the Roman Republic |in=Flower |year=2004 |pages=139–159}} * {{Cite book |last=Forsythe |first=Gary |title=A Critical History of Early Rome |date=2005 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22651-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Fowler |first=W Warde |title=Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic |date=1899 |publisher=Kennikat Press |pages=202–204}} * {{Cite book |last=Frier |first=Bruce W. |first2=Thomas A. J. |last2=McGinn |title=A Casebook on Roman Family Law |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2004}} * {{Cite book |last=Gabucci |first=Ada |title=Dictionaries of Civilization: Rome |publisher=University of California Press |date=2005}} * {{Cite book |last=Gardner |first=Jane F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2iweLcmkMMC&pg=PT209 |title=Women in Roman Law and Society |date=2008 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-93026-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Garnsey |first=Peter |title=Cities, Peasants and Food in Classical Antiquity: Essays in Social and Economic History |editor1-first=Walter |editor1-last=Scheidel |date=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-59147-8 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511585395}} * {{Cite book |last=Golden |first=Gregory K. |title=Crisis management during the Roman republic |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-05590-2 |oclc=842919750}} * {{Cite book |last=Goldsworthy |first=Adrian |title=The Punic Wars |date=2001 |publisher=Cassell |isbn=0-30435-967-X}} * {{Cite book |last=Goldsworthy |first=Adrian |title=In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire |date=2003 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=978-0-297-84666-6 |author-link=Adrian Goldsworthy}} * {{Cite book |last=Goldsworthy |first=Adrian |title=In the Name of Rome: The Men who Won the Roman Empire |year=2016 |orig-date=First published 2003 |edition=1st Yale University Press |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21852-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Grant |first=Michael |title=History of Rome |date=1978 |edition=1st |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |isbn=0-02345-610-8}} * {{Cite journal |last=Greene |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Greene (archaeologist) |title=Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M. I. Finley Re-Considered |journal=The Economic History Review |series=New Series |volume=53 |issue=1 |date=2000 |pages=29–59 |doi=10.1111/1468-0289.00151 |hdl=10.1111/1468-0289.00151 |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Griffin |first=Miriam |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Griffin |editor2-first=Jasper |editor3-last=Murray |editor3-first=Oswyn |title=The Oxford History of the Classical World |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19285-236-1 |chapter=Cicero and Rome}} * {{Cite book |last=Gruen |first=Erich S. |author-link=Erich S. Gruen |title=The Last Generation of the Roman Republic |date=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |edition=1st Paperback}} * {{Cite book |last=Gruen |first=Erich S. |date=1996 |chapter=The Bacchanalia affair |title=Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy |publisher=University of California Press}} * {{Cite book |last=Hodge |first=A Trevor |title=Roman Aqueducts and Water Supply |publisher=Duckworth |date=1989}} <!-- Oxford Classical Dictionary 3 and 4 --> * {{Cite book |editor-last=Hornblower |editor-first=Simon |editor-last2=Spawforth |editor-first2=Antony |date=1996 |title=THe Oxford classical dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-198-66172-6 |ref={{Harvid|OCD<sup>3</sup> |1996}}}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Hornblower |editor-first=Simon |display-editors=etal |title=The Oxford classical dictionary |date=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ |isbn=978-0-199-54556-8 |edition=4th |oclc=959667246 |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref={{Harvid|OCD<sup>4</sup> |2012}}}} ** {{Harvc |last=Momigliano |first=Arnaldo |last2=Cornell |first2=Tim |c=senate, regal and republican period |in=OCD<sup>4</sup> |year=2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5818}} ** {{Harvc |last=Momigliano |first=Arnaldo |last2=Lintott |first2=A. |c=''senatus consultum ultimum'' |in=OCD<sup>4</sup> |year=2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5821}} ** {{Harvc |last=Treves |first=Piero |c=Brennus (1), Gallic chieftain |in=OCD<sup>4</sup> |year=2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1165}} <!-- end OCD 3 and 4 --> * {{Cite book |editor-last=Hoyos |editor-first=Dexter |title=A Companion to the Punic Wars |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |date=2011 |isbn=978-1-405-17600-2}} ** {{Harvc |last=Hoyos |first=Dexter |c=Carthage in Africa and Spain, 241–218 |in=Hoyos |year=2011 |anchor-year=2011a |pages=204–222}} ** {{Harvc |last=Fronda |first=Michael P. |c=Hannibal: tactics, strategy, and geostrategy |in=Hoyos |year=2011 |pages=242–259}} * {{Cite book |last=Humm |first=Michel |url=https://books.openedition.org/efr/1581 |title=Appius Claudius Caecus: la République accomplie |series=Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome |date=2005 |publisher=Publications de l'École française de Rome |isbn=978-2-728-31026-5 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Johnston |first=David |title=Roman Law in Context |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1999}} * {{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Mark Wilson |title=Principles of Roman Architecture |publisher=Yale University Press |date=2000}} * {{Cite book |last=Kruta |first=Venceslas |title=Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire : des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme |publisher=Robert Laffont |date=2000 |isbn=2-22105-690-6 |author-link=Venceslas Kruta |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Lane Fox |first=Robin |title=The Classical World: An Epic History from Homer to Hadrian |date=2006 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-46502-496-3}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Latin League |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Latin-League |access-date=24 May 2022 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |ref={{Harvid|Latin League}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Lintott |first=Andrew |title=The Constitution of the Roman Republic |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1999a |isbn=978-0-199-26108-6}} * {{Cite book |last=Lintott |first=Andrew |title=Violence in Republican Rome |date=1999b |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-198-15282-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Lipka |first=M. |chapter=Roman Gods: a conceptual approach |editor-last=Versnel |editor-first=H. S. |editor-last2=Frankfurter |editor-first2=D. |editor-last3=Hahn |editor-first3=J. |title=Religions in the Graeco-Roman world |publisher=Brill |date=2009}} * {{Cite book |last=Lott |first=John |title=The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2004 |isbn=0-52182-827-9}} * {{Cite book |last=Luttwak |first=Edward |title=The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century CE to the Third |date=1976 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0-801-81863-9 |author-link=Edward Luttwak}} <!-- This book would be better replaced with one by a specialist in Roman history. --> * {{Cite journal |last=MacBain |first=Bruce |date=1980 |title=Appius Claudius Caecus and the via Appia |journal=The Classical Quarterly |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=356–372 |doi=10.1017/S0009838800042294 |jstor=638505 |s2cid=170803863}} * {{Cite book |last=MacLean |first=Rose |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeRUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2 |title=Freed Slaves and Roman Imperial Culture: Social Integration and the Transformation of Values |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-14292-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Matyszak |first=Philip |title=The Enemies of Rome |publisher=Thames & Hudson |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-500-25124-9}} * {{Cite book |last=McGinn |first=Thomas A. J. |title=Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1998}} * {{Cite book |last=Meier |first=Christian |title=Caesar |publisher=Basic Books |year=1995 |orig-date=First published, in German by Severin und Siedler, 1982 |translator-last=McLintock |translator-first=David |isbn=0-46500-895-X}} * {{Cite book |last=Meier |first=Christian |title=Res publica amissa |year=1997 |publisher=Suhrkamp |orig-date=1966 |isbn=978-3-518-57506-2 |edition=3rd |language=de}} * {{Cite book |last=Morstein-Marx |first=Robert |title=Julius Caesar and the Roman People |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-108-94326-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Mouritsen |first=Henrik |title=Politics in the Roman republic |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-65133-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Orr |first=D. G. |chapter=Roman domestic religion: the evidence of the household shrines |title=Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt |volume=Part II, volume 16, 2 |date=1978}} * {{Cite book |last=Orlin |first=Eric M. |chapter=Foreign Cults in Republican Rome: Rethinking the Pomerial Rule |title=Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome |volume=47 |date=2002}} * {{Cite journal |last=Parker |first=Holt N. |date=2004 |title=Why Were the Vestals Virgins? 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