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====Secondary sources==== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Barnett |first=C. |title=Bonaparte |publisher=Wordsworth |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-85326-678-2}} * {{cite book |last=Baynes |first=Norman G |year=2007 |title=Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization |publisher=Baynes |page=170 |chapter=Byzantine art |isbn=978-1-4067-5659-3 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HdHiVlZ3ErIC |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Berkley |first=Grant |year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7mj2NhCGNYC |title=Moses in the Hieroglyphs |publisher=Trafford |isbn=978-1-4120-5600-7 |access-date=13 January 2011}} * {{cite book |last=Bose |first=Partha |title=Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=Crows Nest, NSW |isbn=978-1-74114-113-9 |year=2003}} * {{cite book |last=Bosworth |first=A. B. |year=1988 |title=Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great |url=https://archive.org/details/conquestempire00abbo |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press}} * {{Encyclopaedia Iranica|last=Briant|first=P.|author-link=Pierre Briant|title=ALEXANDER THE GREAT|volume=1|fascicle=8|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/alexander-the-great-356-23-bc|pages=827–830}} * {{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Joseph M. |year=1996 |title=Moral Codes and Social Structure in Ancient Greece: A Sociology of Greek Ethics from Homer to the Epicureans and Stoics |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |location=Albany, NY |isbn=978-0-7914-3042-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCM9D9fyCoQC |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109042906/https://books.google.com/books?id=bCM9D9fyCoQC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Cawkwell |first=George |author-link=George Cawkwell |year=1978 |title=Philip of Macedon |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-571-10958-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-mUQgAACAAJ |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917114805/https://books.google.com/books?id=k-mUQgAACAAJ |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Cawthorne |first=Nigel |year=2004 |title=Alexander the Great |publisher=Haus |isbn=978-1-904341-56-7}} * {{EB1911 |wstitle = Ptolemies |volume = 22 |pages = 616–618 }} <!-- Chisholm 1911 --> * {{cite book |last=Connerney |first=R. D. |year=2009 |title=The upside-down tree: India's changing culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4WadcncjsRUC |publisher=Algora |isbn=978-0-87586-649-9 |page=214 |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last1=Curtis |first1=J. |last2=Tallis |first2=N |last3=Andre-Salvini |first3=B |year=2005 |title=Forgotten empire: the world of ancient Persia |page=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJnaKu9DdNEC |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24731-4 |access-date=20 June 2015}} * {{cite book |last=Dahmen |first=Karsten |year=2007 |title=The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-39451-2}} * {{cite book |last=Danforth |first=Loring M. |year=1997 |title=The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-04356-2}} * {{cite book |last=Darvishi |first=Dariush |year=2022 |title=The Alexander Romance |publisher=Negah-e Moaser |location=Tehran |isbn=978-622-290-118-9 |url=https://www.academia.edu/95955711 |access-date=5 May 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Dillon |first=John M. |year=2004 |title=Morality and custom in ancient Greece |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-34526-4}} * {{cite book |last=Durant |first=Will |author-link=Will Durant |year=1966 |title=The Story of Civilization: The Life of Greece |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-41800-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgreece02dura}} * {{cite book |last=Errington |first=Robert Malcolm |author-link=Robert Malcolm Errington |year=1990 |title=A History of Macedonia |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |translator=Catherine Errington |isbn=978-0-520-06319-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PYgkqP_s1PQC}} * {{cite book |last=Fine |first=John Van Antwerp |year=1983 |title=The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Cambridge, MA |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientgreeks00john |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-674-03314-6}} * {{cite book |last=Fermor |first=Patrick Leigh |year=2006 |title=Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnese |publisher=[[New York Book Review]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8V5QBkD7IIYC |isbn=978-1-59017-188-2 |page=358 |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=M. M. J. |year=2004 |title=Mute dreams, blind owls, and dispersed knowledges: Persian poesis in the transnational circuitry |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KibBH6cI8BgC |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-3298-5 |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Joann |author-link=Joann Fletcher |year=2008 |title=Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-058558-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/cleopatragreatwo00flet}} * {{cite book |last=Foreman |first=Laura |year=2004 |title=Alexander the conqueror: the epic story of the warrior king |publisher=[[Da Capo Press]] |page=217 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVEa4nzLkT4C |isbn=978-0-306-81293-4 |access-date=20 June 2015}} * {{cite book |last=Gabriel |first=Richard A |year=2002 |title=The Great Armies of Antiquity |publisher=Greenwood |page=277 |chapter=The army of Byzantium |isbn=978-0-275-97809-9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1ngxn_xTOIC |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Gergel |editor-first=Tania |year=2004 |title=The Brief Life and Towering Exploits of History's Greatest Conqueror as Told By His Original Biographers |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200140-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergreatse00gerg}} * {{cite book |last1=Gerin |first1=Dominique |last2=Grandjean |first2=Catherine |last3=Amandry |first3=Michel |author-link3=Michel Amandry |last4=de Callatay |first4=François |author-link4=François de Callataÿ |title=La monnaie grecque |date=2001 |edition=Ellipse, "L'Antiquité : une histoire"}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Glick |editor1-first=Thomas F. |editor2-last=Livesey |editor2-first=Steven John |editor3-last=Wallis |editor3-first=Faith |year=2005 |title=Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-415-96930-7}} * {{cite book |last=Goldsworthy |first=A. |year=2003 |title=The Fall of Carthage |publisher=Cassel |isbn=978-0-304-36642-2}} * {{cite book |first1=Anthony |last1=Grafton |year=2010 |editor1-last=Most |editor1-first=Glenn W |editor2-last=Settis |editor2-first=Salvatore |title=The Classical Tradition |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03572-0}} * {{cite book |last=Green |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Green (historian) |year=2007 |title=Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age |publisher=Phoenix |location=London |isbn=978-0-7538-2413-9}} * {{cite book |last=Gunther |first=John |year=2007 |title=Alexander the Great |publisher=Sterling |isbn=978-1-4027-4519-5}} * {{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=J.R. |year=1974 |title=Alexander the Great |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |location=Pittsburgh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qi0iL6r7v2IC |isbn=978-0-8229-6084-3}} * {{cite book |author-link=N. G. L. Hammond |last=Hammond |first=NGL |year=1983 |title=Sources for Alexander the Great |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-71471-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gay_i14p9oEC |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Hammond |first=Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière |year=1986 |title=A History of Greece to 323 BC |publisher=Cambridge University |author-link=N. G. L. Hammond |author-mask=3}} * {{cite book |last=Hammond |first=Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière |year=1993 |title=Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander |publisher=Hakkert |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-256-1050-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWwiAQAAIAAJ |access-date=3 October 2020}} * {{cite book |last1=Hammond |first1=Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière |author-link1=N. G. L. Hammond |last2=Walbank |first2=Frank William |author-link2=F. W. Walbank |year=2001 |title=A History of Macedonia: 336–167 B.C. |volume=3 |edition=reprint |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] of the [[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qpb3JdwuDQIC |isbn=978-0-19-814815-9 |access-date=3 October 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Harrison |first=E. F. |year=1971 |title=The language of the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh7b4o6JQpIC |publisher=Wm B Eerdmans |page=508 |isbn=978-0-8028-4786-7 |access-date=5 September 2020 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414133402/https://books.google.com/books?id=qh7b4o6JQpIC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Heckel |editor1-first=Waldemar |editor2-first=Lawrence A |editor2-last=Tritle |year=2009 |title=Alexander the Great: A New History |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-3082-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbaPwpvt8ZQC |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Holland |first=Tom |title=Rubicon: Triumph and Tragedy in the Roman Republic |year=2003 |publisher=Abacus |isbn=978-0-349-11563-4}} * {{cite book |last=Holt |first=Frank Lee |title=Alexander the Great and The Mystery of the Elephant Medallions |year=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-23881-7}} * {{cite book |last=Hornblower |first=Simon |chapter=Greek Identity in the Archaic and Classical Periods |title=Hellenisms: Culture, Identity and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity |url=https://archive.org/details/hellenismscultur00zach |url-access=limited |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hellenismscultur00zach/page/n53 37]–58 |editor-last=Zacharia |editor-first=K. |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-0-7546-6525-0 |year=2008}} *{{cite book|last=Joint Association of Classical Teachers|title=The World of Athens: An Introduction to Classical Athenian Culture|location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1984|isbn=0-521-27389-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgDKeqi4or8C}} * {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Archer |year=2001 |title=The Art of War in the Western World |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |location=Champaign |isbn=978-0-252-06966-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2FRzcz2W0oC |access-date=3 October 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Keay |first=John |title=India: A History |publisher=Grove Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8021-3797-5}} * {{cite book |last=Kosmin |first=Paul J. |author-link=Paul J. Kosmin |title=The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UWdAwAAQBAJ |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=2014 |isbn=978-0-674-72882-0 |access-date=24 August 2017}} * {{cite book |last=Lane Fox |first=Robin |year=1980 |title=The Search for Alexander |publisher=Little Brown & Co |place=Boston |isbn=978-0-316-29108-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/searchforalexand00lane}} * {{cite book |last=Lane Fox |first=Robin |author-link=Robin Lane Fox |year=2006 |title=Alexander the Great |publisher=ePenguin |asin=B002RI9DYW |author-mask=3}} * {{cite book |last1=LE RIDER |first1=George |title=Alexandre le Grand : Monnaie, finances et politique |date=2003 |publisher=PUF |page=Chapter V |edition=Histoire}} * {{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry George |first2=Robert |last2=Scott |title=A Greek-English Lexicon on Perseus Digital Library |editor1-first=Sir Henry Stuart |editor1-last=Jones |editor2-first=Roderick |editor2-last=McKenzie |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1940}} * {{cite book |last=Luniya |first=Bhanwarlal Nathuram |title=Life and Culture in Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to 1000 AD |year=1978 |publisher=Lakshmi Narain Agarwal |lccn=78907043}} * {{cite book |last=McCarty |first=Nick |title=Alexander the Great |publisher=Penguin |location=Camberwell, Victoria |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-670-04268-5}} * {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMoOAAAAQAAJ |title=Outsiders in the Greek cities in the fourth century BC |last=McKechnie |first=Paul |page=54 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-415-00340-7 |access-date=20 June 2015}} * {{cite book |last=Morkot |first=Robert |title=The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece |publisher=Penguin |year=1996}} * {{cite book |last=Narain |first=A. K. |title=Alexander the Great: Greece and Rome–12 |year=1965}} * {{cite book |last=Ogden |first=Daniel |chapter=Alexander's Sex Life |title=Alexander the Great: A New History |editor1-first=Alice |editor1-last=Heckel |editor2-first=Waldemar |editor2-last=Heckel |editor3-first=Lawrence A |editor3-last=Tritle |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4051-3082-0}} *{{cite book|last=Osborne|first=Robin|title=Greek History|location=New York, New York and London, UK |publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=0-415-31717-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXve_I_7u8QC}} * {{cite book |last=Perlman |first=Samuel |year=1973 |title=Philip and Athens |publisher=Heffer |location=Cambridge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5sgAAAAMAAJ |isbn=978-0-85270-076-1}} * {{cite book |last=Pingree |first=D. |volume=15 |year=1978 |pages=533–633 |chapter=History of Mathematical Astronomy in India |title=Dictionary of Scientific Biography}} * {{cite book |last=Pratt |first=James Bissett |title=The Pilgrimage of Buddhism and a Buddhist Pilgrimage |year=1996 |publisher=Laurier Books |isbn=978-81-206-1196-2}} * {{cite book |last1=Rebuffat |first1=Françoise |title=La monnaie dans l'Antiquité |date=1996 |publisher=Picard}} <!-- Both version are in use, d not remove either until the reference are all corrected --> * {{cite book |last=Renault |first=Mary |title=The Nature of Alexander the Great |publisher=Penguin |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-14-139076-5}} * {{cite book |last=Renault |first=Mary |title=The Nature of Alexander |publisher=Open Road Media |year=2013 |isbn=978-1480432949}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Ring |editor1-first=Trudy |editor2-last=Salkin |editor2-first=Robert M |editor3-last=Berney |editor3-first=KA |editor4-last=Schellinger |editor4-first=Paul E |title=International dictionary of historic places |year=1994 |isbn=978-1-884964-04-6 |location=Chicago |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn, 1994–1996}} * {{cite book |last1=Roisman |first1=Joseph |last2=Worthington |first2=Ian |title=A Companion to Ancient Macedonia |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4051-7936-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lkYFVJ3U-BIC |access-date=20 June 2015}} * {{cite book |last1=Sabin |first1=P |last2=van Wees |first2=H |last3=Whitby |first3=M |title=The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare: Greece, the Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-78273-9 |year=2007}} * {{cite book |last=Sacks |first=David |title=Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World |publisher=Constable & Co |isbn=978-0-09-475270-2 |year=1995}} * {{cite book |last=Starr |first=Chester G. |year=1991 |title=A History of the Ancient World |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-506628-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bA3kgtZU1iMC |access-date=3 October 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Stoneman |first=Richard |title=Alexander the Great |url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergreat0000ston |url-access=registration |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-31932-4 |year=2004}} * {{cite book |last=Stoneman |first=Richard |title=The Novel in the Ancient World |url=https://archive.org/details/novelancientworl00schm |url-access=limited |editor-last=Schmeling |editor-first=Gareth L |chapter=The Metamorphoses of Alexander Romance |pages=[https://archive.org/details/novelancientworl00schm/page/n602 601]–12 |publisher=Brill |year=1996 |isbn=978-90-04-09630-1}} * {{cite journal |last=Studniczka |first=Franz |title= Über die Grundlagen der geschichtlichen Erklärung der Sidonischen Sarkophage |journal={{ill|Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts|de}} |pages=204–244 |volume=9 |year=1894}} * {{Cite book |last=Tarn|first=William Woodthorpe |author-link=William Woodthorpe Tarn |title=Alexander the Great |date=1979 |orig-date=1948 |publisher=University Press |isbn=978-0-521-22584-7 |location=Cambridge [England] |oclc=606613 | url = https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2881/page/n1/mode/1up}} * {{cite book |last=Tripathi |first=Rama Shankar |title=History of Ancient India |year=1999 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbrcVcT-GbUC |isbn=978-81-208-0018-2 |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Toynbee |first=Arnold Joseph |year=1981 |title=The Greeks and Their Heritages |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-215256-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/greekstheirheri00toyn |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last=Wood |first=Michael |year=2001 |title=In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great: A Journey from Greece to Asia |publisher=University of California Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wDWn1dL6HMC |isbn=978-0-520-23192-4 |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Worthington |first=Ian |year=2003 |title=Alexander the Great: A Reader |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OiM51I7_A1gC |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-29187-3 |page=332 |access-date=5 September 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Worthington |first=Ian |year=2008 |title=Philip II of Macedonia |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=New Haven, CT |isbn=978-0-300-12079-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZsTAQAAIAAJ |access-date=20 June 2015}} * {{cite book |last=Yenne |first=Bill |year=2010 |title=Alexander the Great: Lessons From History's Undefeated General |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |isbn=978-0-230-61915-9}} {{refend}}
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