Editing Paul the Apostle (section)

== References ==
===Notes===
'''Language notes'''
{{notelist}}

'''General notes'''
{{reflist|group=note|35em}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|35em|refs=

<ref name="pbs.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/peterandpaul/footsteps/footsteps_1_1.html |website=In the Footsteps of Paul|title=Saul of Tarsus: Rooted in Three Worlds|publisher= PBS|access-date= 19 November 2010|year=2003}}</ref>

<ref name="umc.org">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000823232149/http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/corinthians/paul.stm |title=Paul and His Influence in Early Christianity|website=United Methodist Church|url=http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/corinthians/paul.stm|archive-date=23 August 2000}}</ref>

<ref name="JewEnc:Saul of Tarsus">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Saul Of Tarsus (known as Paul, the Apostle of the Heathen) |encyclopedia=JewishEncyclopedia.com |year=2011 |access-date=12 February 2020 |url= http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11952-paul-of-tarsus |quote=His quotations from Scripture, which are all taken, directly or from memory, from the Greek version, betray no familiarity with the original Hebrew text (…) Nor is there any indication in Paul's writings or arguments that he had received the rabbinical training ascribed to him by Christian writers}}</ref>

<ref name=CathAns>{{cite web |title=Why did God change Saul's name to Paul? |url=http://www.catholic.com/quickquestions/why-did-god-change-sauls-name-to-paul |website=Catholic Answers |access-date=31 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030000303/http://www.catholic.com/quickquestions/why-did-god-change-sauls-name-to-paul |archive-date=30 October 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name="Strong">Greek lexicon [http://studybible.info/strongs/G4569 G4569 Σαύλος (Saul)]<br />Greek lexicon [http://studybible.info/strongs/G3972 G3972 Παύλος (Paul)]<br />Hebrew lexicon [http://studybible.info/strongs/H7586 H7586 שׁאוּל (Shaul/Saul)]</ref>

<ref name=Lactantius>{{cite web|author=Lactantius|author-link=Lactantius|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf07.iii.v.ii.html |title=Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died, addressed to Donatus|website=ccel.org}}</ref>

<!-- <ref name="Antiquities">{{cite Josephus | PACEJ=1 | text=aj| bookno=20 | chap=9 | sec=4}}</ref> -->

<ref name="PulCom">{{cite web|title=Pulpit Commentary on Acts 18|url= http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/acts/18.htm| access-date= 4 October 2015|website=biblehub.com}}</ref>

<ref name="vatican.va">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm#2357|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church – Article 6: The sixth commandment|website=vatican.va|date=10 January 1951}}</ref>

<ref name="coptic.net">M. Mikhail. "[http://www.coptic.net/articles/OnHomosexuality.txt The Coptic Orthodox Church's View on Homosexuality]."</ref>

<ref name="carm.org">{{cite web|url=http://carm.org/christianity-and-homosexuality|title=Christianity and Homosexuality|publisher=CARM – The Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry|date=25 November 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=EcclHist_II.25>{{cite wikisource|author=Eusebius|wslink=Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume I/Church History of Eusebius|chapter=Book II/Chapter 25|title=Church History  |date=1885}}</ref>

<ref name=EcclHist_VI.25>{{cite wikisource|author=Eusebius|wslink=Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume I/Church History of Eusebius|chapter=Book VI/Chapter 25|title=Church History  |date=1885|at=S.13}}</ref>
}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}
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*{{cite book|last=Aageson|first=James W.|title=Paul, the Pastoral Epistles, and the Early Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfYPAQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Hendrickson|isbn=978-1-59856-041-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Achtemeier|first=Paul J.|title=Harper's Bible dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4UERAQAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=978-0-06-069862-1|via=Society of Biblical Literature}}
*{{cite book|first=Camilla |last=Adang|title=Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm|date=1996|publisher=Brill|isbn= 978-90-04-10034-3}}
*{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia|first=Cornelius|last=Aherne|volume=4|wstitle=Epistle to the Colossians}}
*{{cite book|last=Anthony|first=Sean|title=The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jeYxAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=2011|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-21606-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Andria|first=Solomon|title=Romans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJoBTjneGCUC&pg=PA271|year=2012|publisher=Harpercollins Christian Pub|isbn=978-9966-003-06-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Aslan|first=Reza|title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth|url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/184|date=2014|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-8129-8148-3}}
*{{cite book|author=Augustine|editor=Thomas Williams|title=Confessions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXvqvAEACAAJ|year=2019|publisher=Hackett|isbn=978-1-62466-782-4|oclc=1057245526}}
* [[Gustaf Aulén|Aulén, Gustaf]]. ''Christus Victor'' (SPCK 1931)
*{{cite book|last=Aune|first=David E.|title=The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygcgn8h-jo4C|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-1894-4}}
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*{{cite book|first=Albert|last=Barnes|title=Notes on the New Testament Explanatory and Practical|url=https://archive.org/details/notesexplanator16barngoog/page/n212/mode/2up|volume=VI. II. Corinthians and Galatians|year=1844|publisher=Blackie & Son|location=Glasgow}}
*{{cite book|title=The Pastoral Epistles|first= C. K. |last=Barrett|publisher= Clarendon Press|location= Oxford|date= 1963}}
*{{cite book|last=Barnett|first=Paul|title=Jesus and the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NlFYY_iVt9cC|year=2002|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-2699-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Barnett|first=Paul|title=The Birth of Christianity: The First Twenty Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iEfBfYC5NU4C&pg=PA83|year=2005|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-2781-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Barnstone|first=Willis|title=The Other Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtbYAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=978-0-06-250031-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Bitner|first=Bradley J.|title=Paul's Political Strategy in 1 Corinthians 1-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8rSCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA268|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-08848-1}}
*{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia|first=Florentine Stanislaus |last=Bechtel|volume=8|wstitle=Judaizers}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Black |editor1-first=C. Clifton |editor2-last=Smith |editor2-first=D. Moody |editor3-last=Spivey |editor3-first=Robert A. |year=2019 |orig-date=1969 |title=Anatomy of the New Testament |chapter=Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MSHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA187 |location=[[Minneapolis]] |publisher=[[Fortress Press]] |edition=8th |pages=187–226 |doi=10.2307/j.ctvcb5b9q.17 |isbn=978-1-5064-5711-6 |s2cid=242771713 |oclc=1082543536 }}
*{{cite book| last = Boyarin| first =Daniel| author-link =Daniel Boyarin|title =A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity | publisher =[[University of California Press]]|year =1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=la8wDwAAQBAJ| isbn= 978-0-520-21214-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Brann|first=Ross|title=Power in the Portrayal: Representations of Jews and Muslims in Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century Islamic Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbrCTfBSFaEC|year=2010|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-14673-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Bromiley|first=Geoffrey William|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wo8csizDv0gC|volume=A-D|year=1979|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-3781-3}}
*{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Raymond Edward|author-link1=Raymond Edward Brown|last2=Meier|first2=John P.|title=Antioch and Rome: New Testament Cradles of Catholic Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6H3XKLXGvYC&pg=PA124|year=1983|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-2532-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Raymond Edward|author-link=Raymond E. Brown|title=The Churches the Apostles Left Behind|url=https://archive.org/details/churchesapostles00raym|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/churchesapostles00raym/page/48 48]|year=1984|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-2611-8}}
*{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Raymond Edward|author-link1=Raymond Edward Brown|last2=Fitzmyer|first2=Joseph A.|last3=Murphy|first3=Roland Edmund|title=The New Jerome Biblical Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7UfMQAACAAJ|year=1990|publisher=G. Chapman|isbn=978-0-225-66640-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Raymond Edward|author-link=Raymond E. Brown|title=An Introduction to the New Testament|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00brow_0|url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=978-0-385-24767-2}}
* [[F. F. Bruce|Bruce, F. F.]] "Is the Paul of Acts the Real Paul?" ''Bulletin John Rylands Library'' 58 (1976) 283–305
* {{cite book|last=Bruce|first=Frederick Fyvie|title=Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmWlKKB_iYgC|date=2000|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-4778-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Budge|first=E.A. Wallis|title=The Contendings of the Twelve Apostles: Being the Histories and the Lives and Martyrdomes and Deaths of the Twelve Apostles and Evangelists|volume=2. The English Translation|location=London|publisher=Henry Frowde|date=1901|url=https://archive.org/details/contendingsofapo02budguoft/page/526/mode/2up/search/pomegranate}}
*{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Ernest de Witt|title=A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b52QYgZg6W8C&pg=PR26|year=2000|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-567-05029-8}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.bartleby.com/210/6/301.html|chapter=Saint Paul, the Apostle. June 30|first=Alban|last=Butler|date=1866|volume=VI: June|title=The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints. Compiled from Original Monuments and Authentic Records|via=bartleby.com|location=Dublin|publisher=James Duffy}}
<!-- C -->
*{{cite book |last=Calisi |first=Antonio |title=Paul Apostle of Christ: Call, Journeys, Epistles, Teachings, Martyrdom |date=February 2021 |publisher=Amazon Digital Services LLC - KDP Print US |isbn=978-9-9189-5171-0}}
*{{cite book|last1=Capes|first1=David B.|last2=Reeves|first2=Rodney|last3=Richards|first3=E. Randolph|title=Rediscovering Paul: An Introduction to His World, Letters and Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BP_UCCr93N8C&pg=PA203|year=2011|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-3941-4}}
*{{cite book|last1=Carson|first1=D.A.|last2=Moo|first2=Douglas J.|title=An Introduction to the New Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AV5FXRZo5c4C|date=2009|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-53955-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Churchill|first=Timothy W.R. |title=Divine Initiative and the Christology of the Damascus Road Encounter|location=Eugene|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=r3tMAwAAQBAJ&q=Divine+Initiative+and+the+Christology+of+the+Damascus+Road+Encounter.|publisher=Pickwick |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-60899-325-3}}
*[[Hans Conzelmann|Conzelmann, Hans]], ''The Acts of the Apostles – A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles'' (Augsburg Fortress 1987)
*{{cite book|last=Cole|first=R. Alan|title=The Letter of Paul to the Galatians: An Introduction and Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHNs7L-rYQAC|year=1989|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-0478-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Raymond F.|title=1 & 2 Timothy and Titus: A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kifCGDC1ur8C&pg=PA4|date=2002|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-22247-5}}
*{{cite journal|last=Crease|first=Robert P.|date=18 March 2019|title=The rise and fall of scientific authority – and how to bring it back|journal=Nature|volume=567|issue=7748|pages=309–10|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-00872-w|quote=Hanging in the Louvre Museum in Paris is an imposing painting, The Preaching of St Paul at Ephesus. In this 1649 work by Eustache Le Sueur, the fiery apostle lifts his right hand as if scolding the audience, while clutching a book of scripture in his left. Among the rapt or fearful listeners are people busily throwing books into a fire. Look carefully, and you see geometric images on some of the pages.|bibcode=2019Natur.567..309C|s2cid=81987842|doi-access=free| issn=0028-0836}}
*{{Citation |editor1-last=Cross |editor1-first=F. L. |editor1-link=F. L. Cross |editor2-last=Livingstone |editor2-first=E. A. |editor2-link=Elizabeth Livingstone |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=3rd Revised |isbn=978-0-19-280290-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ }}
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*{{cite book|last1=De Leonardis|first1=Serena|last2=Masi|first2=Stefano|title=Art and History: Rome and the Vatican|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owS4gojfggEC&pg=PA21|year=1999|publisher=Casa Editrice Bonechi|isbn=978-88-476-0178-9}}
*{{cite book|last=De Young|first=James|title=Terrorism, Islam, and Christian Hope: Reflections on 9-11 and Resurging Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60JLAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64|year=2004|publisher=Wipf and Stock|isbn=978-1-59752-005-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Donaldson|first=Terence|editor=John Muddiman|editor2=John Barton|title=The Pauline Epistles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyQUDAAAQBAJ|series=The Oxford Bible Commentary|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-958026-2|chapter=Ch. 3 Introduction to the Pauline Corpus}}
*{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia|first= James F. |last=Driscoll|volume=10|wstitle=Nazarite}}
* {{cite journal| last =Dunn | first =James D. G. | year =1982 | title =The New Perspective on Paul|series= Manson Memorial Lecture, 4 November 1982|journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library  | volume =65 | issue =2 | pages =95–122 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.65.2.6}}
* {{Citation |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |author-link=James Dunn (theologian) |title=Jesus, Paul, and the Law: Studies in Mark and Galatians |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |location=Louisville, KY |year=1990 |isbn=0-664-25095-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d76vmNlbuBwC&pg=PA1 }}
*{{cite book|last=Dunn|first=James|author-link=James Dunn (theologian)|editor1-first=Lee Martin|editor1-last=McDonald|editor2-first=James A.|editor2-last=Sanders|title=The Canon Debate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxW-AgAAQBAJ|year=2001|publisher=Baker|isbn=978-1-4412-4163-4}}
* {{Citation | editor-last =Dunn | editor-first =James D. G. | year =2003 | title =The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul | publisher =Cambridge University Press | isbn =0-521-78155-8 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=TNXPGiKx-mkC }}
* {{Citation | last =Dunn | first =James D. G. | year =2009 | title =Christianity in the Making Volume 2: Beginning from Jerusalem | publisher =Wm. B. Eerdmans}}
*{{cite book|last=Dunn|first=J.D.G.|editor=John Muddiman|editor2=John Barton|title=The Pauline Epistles|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyQUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA170|series=The Oxford Bible Commentary|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-958026-2|chapter=Ch. 8 Ephesians}}
* Dunn, James D. G., ''Jesus, Paul, and the Gospels'' (Grand Rapids, MI), Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2011
*{{cite book|last=Dwyer|first=John C.|title=Church History: Twenty Centuries of Catholic Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FKvo3szVq_sC&pg=PA27|year=1998|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-3830-2}}
*{{cite book|editor1-first=James D. G.|editor1-last=Dunn|editor2-first=John William|editor2-last=Rogerson|title=Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1274|year=2003|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0}}
<!-- E -->
*{{cite book|last=Ehrman|first=Bart D.|author-link=Bart D. Ehrman|title=The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kF8RAQAAIAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512639-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Ehrman|first=Bart D|title=Peter, Paul and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend|url=https://archive.org/details/peterpaulmarymag00ehrm_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/peterpaulmarymag00ehrm_0/page/98 98]|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-974113-7}}
*{{cite journal|last=Eisenman|first=Robert|title=Paul as Herodian|journal=Journal of Higher Criticism|volume=3|issue=1|year=1996|pages=110–22|url=http://depts.drew.edu/jhc/eisenman.html|access-date=13 February 2020}}
*{{cite book|first=Timo |last=Eskola|title=Messiah and the Throne: Jewish Merkabah Mysticism and Early Exaltation Discourse|location=Tubingen|publisher= Mohr Siebeck|date= 2001}}
<!-- F -->
*{{citation |last=Finlan |first=Stephen |year=2004 |title=The Background and Content of Paul's Cultic Atonement Metaphors |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature}}
*{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Freeman (historian) |year=2010 |title=A New History of Early Christianity |chapter=What Did Paul Achieve? |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5_in-6VLgRoC&pg=PA45 |location=New Haven, CT / London |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |pages=45–65 |isbn=978-0-300-12581-8 |jstor=j.ctt1nq44w |lccn=2009012009 |s2cid=170124789 |doi=10.12987/9780300166583}}
<!-- G -->
*{{citation|last=Giguzzi|first=Giancarlo|title=Paolo, un apostolo contro le donne?|work=Credere Oggi: in dialogo con San Paolo e le sue lettere|issue=124|publisher=Edizioni Messaggero|location=Padova|year=2004|pages=95–107|url=http://www.credereoggi.it/upload/2004/articolo143_95.asp|access-date=21 November 2010|archive-date=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331230925/http://www.credereoggi.it/upload/2004/articolo143_95.asp|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite journal|last=Gombis|first=Timothy|url=http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/48/48-2/48-2-pp317-330_JETS.pdf|title=A Radically Different New Humanity: The Function of the ''Haustafel'' in Ephesians|journal=[[Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society]]|volume=48|issue=2|date=June 2005|pages=317–30|access-date=14 February 2013}}
<!-- H -->
*{{cite book|last1=Hagner|first1=Donald|editor1-last=Hagner|editor1-first=Donald|title=Paul in Modern Jewish Thought in Pauline Studies|date=1980|publisher=Paternoster Press|location=Exeter}}
* Hanson, Anthony T. ''Studies in Paul's Technique and Theology.'' Eerdmans, 1974. {{ISBN|0-8028-3452-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Stephen L.|author-link=Stephen L. Harris|title=Understanding the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=13MbAQAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-7674-2916-0|oclc=436028175}}
*{{cite book|last=Hengel|first=Martin|author-link=Martin Hengel|title=Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PRIKVslqctkC&pg=PA43|date=1997|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-25736-1}}
*{{cite journal|first=Martin|last=Hengel|url=https://www.ibr-bbr.org/files/bbr/BBR_2002a_04_Hengel_PaulInArabia.pdf|title=Paul in Arabia|journal=[[Bulletin for Biblical Research]]|volume=12|issue=1|year=2002|pages=47–66|doi=10.2307/26422340|jstor=26422340|s2cid=53622634|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227023045/https://www.ibr-bbr.org/files/bbr/BBR_2002a_04_Hengel_PaulInArabia.pdf|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book|last=Hennacy|first=Ammon|author-link=Ammon Hennacy|title=The Book of Ammon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HldMAwAAQBAJ|year=2010|publisher=Wipf and Stock|isbn=978-1-60899-053-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Herrmann |first=Erik H.|chapter=Preface to the Wittenberg Edition of Luther's German Writings, 1539|title=The Annotated Luther, Volume 4|year=2016|publisher=Augsburg Fortress|doi=10.2307/j.ctt19qgg0d.20|isbn=978-1-4514-6510-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Hindson|first1=Ed|last2=Caner|first2=Ergun|title=The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yipXIHcteRsC&pg=PA280|year=2008|publisher=Harvest House|isbn=978-0-7369-3635-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Horrell|first=David G.|title=An Introduction to the Study of Paul|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQS6SDqDga4C&pg=PA30|year=2006|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-567-04083-1}}
* {{cite book | last =Hurtado |first=Larry | author-link=Larry Hurtado | year=2005 | title=Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity | publisher=Eerdmans | isbn=978-0-8028-3167-5 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=k32wZRMxltUC }}
<!-- I -->
* [[Irenaeus]], ''[[On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis|Against Heresies]]''
<!-- J -->
*{{cite book|last=James|first=Montague Rhodes|author-link=M. R. James|title=The Apocryphal New Testament|chapter=The Acts of Paul|publisher=Clarendon |location=Oxford|year=1924|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/JAMESApocryphalNewTestament1924/page/n295/mode/2up}}
*{{cite book|first=Thomas|last=Jefferson|title=The Writings of Thomas Jefferson: Being his Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and Private. Published by the Order of the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library, from the Original Manuscripts, Deposited in the Department of State, With Explanatory Notes, Tables of Contents, and a Copious Index to Each Volume, as well as a General Index to the Whole|editor= H. A. Washington|volume= VII|publisher= Taylor Maury|location= Washington, D.C.|date=1854}}
<!-- K -->
*{{cite book|last=Kee|first=Howard Clark|title=Understanding the New Testament|url=https://archive.org/details/understandingnew0000keeh_l8f2|url-access=registration|year=1983|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-13-936591-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Keller|first=Marie Noël|title=Priscilla and Aquila: Paul's Coworkers in Christ Jesus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPXJmAEACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-8146-5284-8}}
* [[Yung Suk Kim|Kim, Yung Suk]]. ''A Theological Introduction to Paul's Letters''. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-60899-793-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Kirk|first=J. R. Daniel|title=Jesus Have I Loved, but Paul?: A Narrative Approach to the Problem of Pauline Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSTnGu9InSYC|date=2012|publisher=Baker Academic|isbn=978-1-4412-3625-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Koester|first=Helmut|title=History and Literature of Early Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=thXUHM5udTcC&pg=107|year=2000|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-014970-8}}
*{{cite book|last1=Köstenberger|first1=Andreas J.|last2=Kellum|first2=Leonard Scott|last3=Quarles|first3=Charles L.|title=The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-MG9sFLAz0C&pg=PA400|year=2009|publisher=B&H|isbn=978-0-8054-4365-3}}
*{{cite book|last1=Kroeger|first1=Richard Clark|last2=Kroeger|first2=Catherine Clark|title=I Suffer Not a Woman: Rethinking I Timothy 2:11–15 in Light of Ancient Evidence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8kuxgEACAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Baker|isbn=978-0-8010-5250-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Kümmel|first=Werner Georg|author-link=Werner Georg Kümmel|title=Introduction to the New Testament|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00kum_u2q|url-access=registration|year=1975|publisher=Abingdon |isbn=978-0-687-19576-3}}
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*{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Epistle to the Ephesians|volume=5|first=Paulin |last=Ladeuze}}
*{{cite book |first=Kirsopp |last=Lake |url=https://archive.org/stream/earlierepistleso00lakeuoft#page/320/mode/2up |title=The earlier Epistles of St. Paul, their motive and origin |location=London |date=1911 }}
* {{cite book |last=Langton |first=Daniel R. | author-link = Daniel Langton |year=2010 |title=The Apostle Paul in the Jewish Imagination |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-51740-9 }}
*{{cite book|last1=Langton|first1=Daniel|editor1-last=Westerholm|editor1-first=Stephen|title=Jewish Readings of Paul in Blackwell Companion to Paul|date=2011|ref={{sfnref|Langton|2011a}}|publisher=Blackwell}}
*{{cite book|last1=Langton|first1=Daniel|editor1-last=Levine|editor1-first=Amy-Jill|title=Paul in Jewish Thought in The Jewish Annotated New Testament|date=2011|ref={{sfnref|Langton|2011b}}|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{Citation |last=Lee |first=Michelle V. |year=2006 |title=Paul, the Stoics, and the Body of Christ |publisher=Cambridge University Press |series=Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series |volume=137 |isbn=978-0-51-158454-1 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511584541 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLzErItyonUC }}
*{{cite book|editor1-first= Charlton T. |editor1-last=Lewis |editor2-first=Charles |editor2-last=Short|title=A Latin Dictionary|title-link=A Latin Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1879}}
*{{cite book| first=Joseph Barber| last=Lightfoot| title=The Apostolic Fathers: A Revised Text with Introductions, Notes, Dissertations, and Translations| publisher=Macmillan| year=1890| page=274| oclc=54248207| url=http://earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html| isbn=0-8010-5612-8}}
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* {{cite book|last=Maccoby|first=Hyam|author-link=Hyam Maccoby|title=The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=co_CxizRbTAC&pg=PA14|year=1998|publisher=Barnes & Noble|isbn=978-0-7607-0787-6}}
* [[Dennis Ronald MacDonald|MacDonald, Dennis Ronald]], 1983. ''The Legend and the Apostle: The Battle for Paul in Story and Canon'' Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1983. {{ISBN|978-0664244644}}
*{{cite book|last1=MacDonald|first1=Margaret Y.|last2=Harrington|first2=Daniel J.|title=Colossians and Ephesians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zy2Qr9lXOMC&pg=PA58|year=2000|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-8146-5819-2}}
*{{cite book|last=MacDonald|first=Margaret Y.|title=The Pauline Churches: A Socio-Historical Study of Institutionalization in the Pauline and Deutrero-Pauline Writings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1I04xHK4gW0C&pg=PA109|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-61605-8}}
* {{Citation | last =Mack | first =Burton L. | year =1995 | author-link =Burton L. Mack | title =Who wrote the New Testament? The making of the Christian myth | publisher =Harper San Francisco | isbn =978-0-06-065517-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/whowrotenewtesta00mack_0 }}
* {{Citation | last =Mack | first =Burton L. | year =1997 | orig-year =1995 | title =Wie schreven het Nieuwe Testament werkelijk? Feiten, mythen en motieven. (Who Wrote the New Testament? The Making of the Christian Myth) | publisher =Uitgeverij Ankh-Hermes bv}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Malherbe|first1=Abraham J.|title=A Physical Description of Paul|journal=Harvard Theological Review|volume=79|issue=1–3|year=1986|pages=170–175|issn=0017-8160|doi=10.1017/S0017816000020435|jstor=1509409|s2cid=162687215 }}
*{{cite book|last1=Marrow|first1=Stanley B.|title=Paul: His Letters and His Theology: An Introduction to Paul's Epistles|date=1986|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0809127443|url=https://archive.org/details/paulhislettershi00marr|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulhislettershi00marr/page/5 5]}}
*{{cite book|last=Marshall|first=I. Howard|title=The Acts of the Apostles|year=1980|publisher=W. B. Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids|isbn=0-8028-1423-9|url=https://archive.org/details/actsofapostles00mars/page/42}}
*{{cite book|last=McDowell|first=Sean|title=The Fate of the Apostles: Examining the Martyrdom Accounts of the Closest Followers of Jesus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIm1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-03190-1}}
* {{cite book|last=McGrath|first=Alister E.|title=Christianity: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYN3Rowp8ZYC|year=2006|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-4051-0901-7}}
* {{cite book |last=McRay |first=John |author-link=John McRay |year=2007 |title=Paul: His Life and Teaching |publisher=Baker Academic |location=Grand Rapids, MI |isbn=978-1441205742 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GvgexcfnWC0C }}
*{{cite book|last1=Meissner|first1=Stefan|title=Die Heimholung des Ketzers|date=1996|publisher=Mohr|location=Tübingen}}
*{{cite book|last=Mills|first=Watson E.|title=Mercer Commentary on the New Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNLZYtBEw0sC|year=2003|publisher=Mercer University Press|isbn=978-0-86554-864-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Montague|first= George T. |title=The Living Thought of St. Paul|location= Milwaukee|publisher= Bruce Publishing Co. |date=1966}}
*{{cite book |  first=Christopher | last=Mount | editor-last=Schellenberg | editor-first=Ryan S. | editor-last2=Wendt | editor-first2=Heidi | title=T&T Clark Handbook to the Historical Paul | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | series=T&T Clark Handbooks | year=2022 | isbn=978-0-567-69199-6 | chapter=Acts | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW5sEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 | access-date=5 October 2024 | page=32}}
* {{cite book|last=Ogg|first= George|chapter=Chronology of the New Testament|editor-first= Matthew |editor-last=Black|title=Peake's Commentary on the Bible|title-link=Peake's Commentary on the Bible|publisher=Nelson|date= 1962|ol=5847288M}}
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*{{cite book|last=Niswonger|first=Richard L.|title=New Testament History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyAXaNnz9sUC|year=1992|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-31201-7}}
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*{{cite book|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia|date=1915|volume=IV|editor-first=James|editor-last=Orr|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.168697/page/n177/mode/2up?q=Gamaliel|publisher=Howard-Severance|location=Chicago}}
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*{{cite book|last=Pagels|first=Elaine|author-link=Elaine Pagels|title=The Gnostic Paul: Gnostic Exegesis of the Pauline Letters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggWpAwAAQBAJ|year=1992|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn=978-1-85539-591-6}}
*{{Cite book|last=Parker|first= Thomas Henry Louis.|title=Calvin's New Testament commentaries|date=1993|publisher=T. and T. Clark|isbn=0-567-29241-X|oclc=716774834}}
*{{cite book|last=Perkins|first=Pheme|title=Reading the New Testament: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/readingnewtesta00perk|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/readingnewtesta00perk/page/4 4]|year=1988|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-2939-3}}
*{{cite book|last =Polhill| first =John B.|title = Paul and His Letters  | publisher =Broadman & Holman | year=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_adrslNlSgC&dq=Paul+Rome+60+house+arrest&pg=PA80 |isbn=978-0-805-41097-6 }}
*{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Archdiocese of Durazzo|volume= 5 |first= Louis |last=Petit}}
*{{cite book|last=Powell|first=Mark Allan|author-link=Mark Allan Powell|title=Introducing the New Testament: A Historical, Literary, and Theological Survey|url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe|url-access=registration|year=2009|publisher=Baker|isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}
*{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia |first=Ferdinand |last=Prat|wstitle=St. Paul |volume=11}}
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*{{cite book|last=Rhoads|first=David M.|title=The Challenge of Diversity: The Witness of Paul and the Gospels|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgxiyTZZUQ0C&pg=PA39|year=1996|publisher=Fortress Press|isbn=978-1-4514-0617-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Riddell|first=Peter G.|title=Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3x-JdCGn1UC|year=2001|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2473-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Rowland|first=Christopher|title=Christian Origins: An Account of the Setting and Character of the Most Important Messianic Sect of Judaism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZfYAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=SPCK|isbn=978-0-281-04110-7}}
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*{{cite book|first=W.|last=Sanday|date=n.d.|chapter=The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans|title=A Bible commentary for English readers|editor-last=Ellicott|editor-first=Charles John|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/biblecommentaryf07elliuoft/page/202/mode/2up|location=London|publisher=Cassell}}
* {{cite book|last=Sanders|first=E.P.|author-link=E. P. Sanders|title=Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwLYbNMZA50C|year=1977|publisher=Fortress|isbn=978-1-4514-0740-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Sanders|first=E.P.|title=Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuAQ8VuUoxIC|year=1983|publisher=SCM Press|isbn=978-1-4514-0741-9}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|last=Sanders|first=E.P.|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle|title=Saint Paul, the Apostle|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=27 December 2019|access-date=8 January 2013}}
*{{citation |last=Seifrid |first=Mark A. |author-link=Mark A. Seifrid |title=Justification by Faith: The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme |journal=Novum Testamentum Supplements |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1992 |isbn=90-04-09521-7 |issn=0167-9732 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KdUkuOtOw68C}}
*{{cite book|last=Shillington|first=V. George|title=An Introduction to the Study of Luke-Acts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KgDdKRKoZtwC&pg=PA18|date=2007|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-567-03053-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Spence-Jones|first=Henry|title=The Pulpit Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=91xfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT16|volume=8|year=2015|publisher=Delmarva Publications|id=GGKEY:EER24GEUYX4}}
* [[John Shelby Spong|Spong, John Shelby]], "[https://web.archive.org/web/20100806022207/http://www.escapefromwatchtower.com/spong7%268.html The Man From Tarsus]", in ''Rescuing the Bible From Fundamentalism,'' reprint ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1992).
*{{cite book|last1=Stagg|first1=Evelyn|author-link1=Evelyn Stagg|last2=Stagg|first2=Frank|author-link2=Frank Stagg (theologian)|title=Woman in the World of Jesus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGwRAQAAIAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Westminster Press|isbn=978-0-664-24195-7}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Stendahl|first1=Krister|title=The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West|journal=Harvard Theological Review|volume=56|issue=3|year=1963|pages=199–215|issn=0017-8160|doi=10.1017/S0017816000024779|s2cid=170331485|author-link=Krister Stendahl|url=http://www.dburnett.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/The-Apostle-Paul-and-the-Introspective-Conscience-of-the-West.pdf}}
*{{cite book|last=Stendahl|first=Krister|title=Paul Among Jews and Gentiles, and Other Essays|url=https://archive.org/details/paulamongjewsgen00sten|url-access=registration|year=1976|publisher=Fortress Press|isbn=978-0-8006-1224-5}}
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*{{cite web|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-d-tabor/paul-the-jew-as-founder-o_b_3930630.html|title= Paul the Jew as Founder of Christianity?|website= [[HuffPost]]|access-date= 28 August 2017|date= 16 September 2013|first= James D.|last= Tabor}}
*{{cite book|last =Tajra| first =Harry W.| title =The Martyrdom of St. Paul:Historical and Judicial Context, Traditions, and Legends |publisher =[[Wipf and Stock]]|year=2010|orig-date=1994| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=MdlMAwAAQBAJ&dq=Paul+37th+year+after+the+Lord%27s+passion%2Bbeheaded&pg=PA188 |isbn=978-1-610-97006-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Tolstoy|first=Leo|author-link=Leo Tolstoy|title=Church and State and Other Essays: Including Money; Man and Woman: Their Respective Functions; The Mother; A Second Supplement to the Kreutzer Sonata|url=https://archive.org/details/churchandstatea00yarrgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/churchandstatea00yarrgoog/page/n23 17]|year=1891|publisher=B. R. Tucker}}
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*{{cite book|last=Waardenburg|first=Jacques|title=Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions: A Historical Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLDPuc4SL_cC|date=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-535576-5}}
*{{cite journal |first=Stephen |last=Westerholm |year=2015 |url=http://www.directionjournal.org/44/1/new-perspective-on-paul-in-review.html |title=The New Perspective on Paul in Review |journal=Direction |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=4–15}}
*{{cite book |last=White |first=L. Michael | author-link = L. Michael White |year=2007 |title=From Jesus to Christianity |publisher=HarperCollins |location=San Francisco, CA |isbn=978-0-06-081610-0 }}
*{{cite book|last=Wiley|first=Tatha|title=Original Sin: Origins, Developments, Contemporary Meanings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eUVrj1R8f2oC&pg=PA21|year=2002|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-4128-9}}
*{{cite book |last=Wilken |first=Robert Louis |year=2013 |title=The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity |chapter=Ephesus, Rome, and Edessa: The Spread of Christianity |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iW1-JImrwQUC&pg=PA17 |location=New Haven, CT / London |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=17–27 |isbn=978-0-300-11884-1 |jstor=j.ctt32bd7m.6 |lccn=2012021755 |s2cid=160590164}}
*{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Charles Stephan Conway|title=A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6Q9AAAAYAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Harper}}
*{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Barrie|author-link=Barrie Wilson|title=How Jesus Became Christian: The Early Christians And The Transformation Of A Jewish Teacher Into The Son Of God|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RoPjQ3lVFTYC|year=2011|publisher=Orion|isbn=978-1-78022-206-6}}
*{{cite book|author-link=William Wrede|last=Wrede|first=William|title=Paul|translator=Edward Lummis|location=London|publisher=Philip Green|date=1907|url=https://archive.org/details/Paulpaulus/page/n193/mode/2up}}
*{{cite book|last=Wright|first= G. Ernest|title=Great People of the Bible and How They Lived|location=Pleasantville, NY|publisher= The Reader's Digest Association, Inc.|date=1974}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Wright|first1=N. T.|title=Paul, Arabia, and Elijah (Galatians 1:17)|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|volume=115|issue=4|year=1996|pages=683–92|issn=0021-9231|doi=10.2307/3266349|jstor=3266349|url=https://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jbl/1996-4_683.pdf}}
*{{cite journal|last=Wright|first=N.T.|title=The Biblical Basis for Women's Service in the Church|journal=Priscilla Papers|volume=20|issue=4|url=https://www.cbeinternational.org/sites/default/files/v20n4p1.pdf|year=2006|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213073958/https://www.cbeinternational.org/sites/default/files/v20n4p1.pdf|url-status=dead}}
<!-- Z -->
*{{cite book|last=Pall|first=Zoltan|title=Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe: Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-t3RAysVJkC|year=2013|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-8964-451-0}}
{{refend}}

=== Further reading ===
{{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Agosto|first=Efrain |title=Servant Leadership: Jesus and Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nw7Yp2WFBmMC&pg=PA201|year=2012|publisher=Chalice Press|isbn=978-0-8272-3506-9}}
* [[Ernle Bradford|Bradford, Ernle]]. ''Paul the Traveller: Saint Paul and his World''. Allen Lane, 1974. 
* [[W. D. Davies|Davies, W. D.]] ''Paul and Rabbinic Judaism: Some Rabbinic Elements in Pauline Theology''. S.P.C.K., 3rd ed., 1970. {{ISBN|0-281-02449-9}}.
* Davies, W. D. "The Apostolic Age and the Life of Paul" in [[Matthew Black]] (ed.), ''Peake's Commentary on the Bible''. London: T. Nelson, 1962. {{ISBN|0-8407-5019-6}}.
*{{cite book |last=Fredriksen |first=Paula |title=When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NW9yDwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-300-24074-0}}.
* [[Hans-Joachim Schoeps]]. ''Paul: The Theology of the Apostle in the Light of Jewish Religious History (Library of Theological Translations)''; 34 pages, Lutterworth Press (July 2002); {{ISBN|978-0-227-17013-7}}.
* Holzbach, Mathis Christian, Die textpragmat. Bedeutung d. Kündereinsetzungen d. Simon Petrus u.d. Saulus Paulus im lukan. Doppelwerk, in: Jesus als Bote d. Heils. Stuttgart 2008, 166–72.
* [[Jerome Murphy-O'Connor|Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome]]. ''Jesus and Paul: Parallel Lives'' (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2007) {{ISBN|0-8146-5173-9}}.
* Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome. ''Paul the Letter-Writer: His World, His Options, His Skills'' (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1995) {{ISBN|0-8146-5845-8}}.
* Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome. ''Paul: A Critical Life'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996) {{ISBN|0-19-826749-5}}.
* [[Pinchas Lapide]]; [[Peter Stuhlmacher]]. ''Paul: Rabbi and Apostle''; 77 pages, Augsburg Publishing House; (December 1984).
* Pinchas Lapide, [[Leonard Swidler]], [[Jürgen Moltmann]]. ''Jewish Monotheism and Christian Trinitarian Doctrine''; 94 pages, Wipf & Stock Publishers (2002).
* Reece, Steve. ''Paul's Large Letters: Pauline Subscriptions in the Light of Ancient Epistolary Conventions''. London: T&T Clark, 2016.
* [[Hastings Rashdall|Rashdall, Hastings]] (1919), ''The Idea of Atonement in Christian Theology''.
* Ruef, John, ''Paul's First Letter to Corinth'' (Penguin 1971)
* [[Alan F. Segal|Segal, Alan F.]] ''Paul, the Convert'', (New Haven/London, Yale University Press, 1990) {{ISBN|0-300-04527-1}}.
* Segal, Alan F., "Paul, the Convert and Apostle" in ''Rebecca's Children: Judaism and Christianity in the Roman World'' (Harvard University Press, 1986) {{ISBN|978-0674750760}}.
{{refend}}