Editing Neo-Nazism (section)

==== Costa Rica ====
Several fringe neo-Nazi groups have existed in [[Costa Rica]], some with online presence since around 2003.<ref name=nacion>{{cite news|title=Aparece grupo neonazi en Costa Rica|url=https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/aparece-grupo-neonazi-en-costa-rica/2AZ6OMHZLVHZPAXJI5ZL6K3REY/story/|access-date=19 December 2018|work=La Nación|date=9 November 2003|language=es|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134526/https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/aparece-grupo-neonazi-en-costa-rica/2AZ6OMHZLVHZPAXJI5ZL6K3REY/story/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Brotes clandestinos |url=https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/77741.html |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=El Universal |date=8 May 2012 |language=spanish |archive-date=16 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716102053/https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/77741.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The groups normally target Jewish Costa Ricans, [[Afro-Costa Rican]]s, [[communism|Communists]], gay people and especially Nicaraguan and Colombian immigrants. In 2012 the media discovered the existence of a neo-Nazi police officer inside the [[Public Force of Costa Rica]], for which he was fired and would later commit suicide in April 2016 due to lack of job opportunities and threats from [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascists]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nacion.com/2012-04-16/Sucesos/null.aspx |title=Fuerza Pública investiga fotos de policía en Facebook – SUCESOS |newspaper=La Nación |date=2012-04-16 |access-date=2012-11-07 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120702214252/https://www.nacion.com/2012-04-16/Sucesos/null.aspx |archive-date=2 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Miranda|first1=Hulda|last2=Rodríguez|first2=Óscar|title=Policía cesado por usar símbolos nazis recoge chatarra para vivir|url=https://www.nacion.com/sucesos/seguridad/policia-cesado-por-usar-simbolos-nazis-recoge-chatarra-para-vivir/3V5LGA3SDVE6FJWK5IKCDZ5AIE/story/|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134426/https://www.nacion.com/sucesos/seguridad/policia-cesado-por-usar-simbolos-nazis-recoge-chatarra-para-vivir/3V5LGA3SDVE6FJWK5IKCDZ5AIE/story/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Expolicía nazi se quita la vida y deja un extenso mensaje|url=https://www.diarioextra.com/Noticia/detalle/288371/expolicia-nazi-se-quita-la-vida-y-deja-un-extenso-mensaje|access-date=19 December 2018|agency=Diario Extra|date=2 April 2016|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219135529/https://www.diarioextra.com/Noticia/detalle/288371/expolicia-nazi-se-quita-la-vida-y-deja-un-extenso-mensaje|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Miranda|first1=Hulda|last2=Rodríguez|first2=Óscar|last3=Solano|first3=Hugo|title=Expolicía despedido por ideología nazi se suicidó en su casa|url=https://www.nacion.com/sucesos/crimenes/expolicia-despedido-por-ideologia-nazi-se-suicido-en-su-casa/BC3SKOSNX5BEPA3V5FNLPUCIOU/story/|access-date=19 December 2018|agency=Nación.com|date=2 April 2016|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134603/https://www.nacion.com/sucesos/crimenes/expolicia-despedido-por-ideologia-nazi-se-suicido-en-su-casa/BC3SKOSNX5BEPA3V5FNLPUCIOU/story/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[Simon Wiesenthal Center]] asked the Costa Rican government to shut down a store in [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] that sells Nazi paraphernalia, [[Holocaust denial]] books and other products associated with [[Nazism]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Centro Wiesenthal insta a Costa Rica a investigar tienda "nazi" en la capital|url=https://www.elpais.cr/2015/09/11/centro-wiesenthal-insta-a-costa-rica-a-investigar-tienda-nazi-en-la-capital/|access-date=25 May 2019|agency=EFE – El País|date=11 September 2015|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403133502/https://www.elpais.cr/2015/09/11/centro-wiesenthal-insta-a-costa-rica-a-investigar-tienda-nazi-en-la-capital/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, a series of pages on the [[social network]] Facebook of neo-Nazi inclination openly or discreetly carried out a vast campaign instigating [[Xenophobia|xenophobic hatred]] by recycling old news or posting [[fake news]] to take advantage of an anti-immigrant sentiment after three homicides of tourists allegedly committed by migrants (although from one of the homicides the suspect is Costa Rican).<ref name="q">{{cite news |last1=Rico |title=44 arrested for xenophobic attacks against Nicaraguans in San José |url=https://qcostarica.com/44-arrested-for-xenophobic-attacks-against-nicaraguans-in-san-jose/ |access-date=2 November 2018 |agency=QCosta Rica |date=18 August 2018 |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825144617/https://qcostarica.com/44-arrested-for-xenophobic-attacks-against-nicaraguans-in-san-jose/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A rally against the country's migration policy was held on 19 August 2018, in which neo-Nazi and [[hooligans]] took part. Although not all participants were linked these groups and the majority of participants were peaceful, the protest turned violent and the [[Public Force of Costa Rica|Public Force]] intervened with 44 arrested (36 Costa Ricans and the rest Nicaraguans).<ref name="montreal">{{cite news |title=Costa Rica: symboles nazis lors d'une manifestation anti-migrants nicaraguayens |url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2018/08/19/costa-rica-symboles-nazis-lors-dune-manifestation-anti-migrants-nicaraguayens |access-date=2 November 2018 |agency=Journal de Montreal |date=19 August 2018 |archive-date=1 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201180903/https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2018/08/19/costa-rica-symboles-nazis-lors-dune-manifestation-anti-migrants-nicaraguayens |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Castillo|first1=Bryan|title='Neonazis' e integrantes de barras de fútbol participaron en agresiones a nicaragüenses|url=https://www.lateja.cr/nacional/neonazis-e-integrantes-de-barras-de-futbol/FBAUAQIYMJCIXPQVJSMY2R3WIM/story/|access-date=25 May 2019|agency=La Teja|date=18 August 2018|archive-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525203201/https://www.lateja.cr/nacional/neonazis-e-integrantes-de-barras-de-futbol/FBAUAQIYMJCIXPQVJSMY2R3WIM/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> Authorities confiscated sharp weapons, [[Molotov cocktails]] and other items from the neo-Nazis, who also carried swastika flags.<ref name="dw">{{cite news |title=Costa Rica: violenta protesta contra inmigración nicaragüense |url=https://www.dw.com/es/costa-rica-violenta-protesta-contra-inmigraci%C3%B3n-nicarag%C3%BCense/a-45134202 |access-date=2 November 2018 |agency=DW |archive-date=1 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201181039/https://www.dw.com/es/costa-rica-violenta-protesta-contra-inmigraci%C3%B3n-nicarag%C3%BCense/a-45134202 |url-status=live }}</ref> A subsequent anti-xenophobic march and solidarity with the Nicaraguan refugees was organized a week later with more assistance. A second anti-migration demonstration, with the explicit exclusion of neo-Nazis and hooligans, was carried out in September with similar assistance.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Redaccion |title=Costa Rica marcha contra la xenofobia hacia los migrantes de Nicaragua que llegan al país huyendo de la crisis |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-45312167 |access-date=2 November 2018 |agency=BBC Mundo |date=26 August 2018 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209130459/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-45312167 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019 Facebook pages of extreme right-wing tendencies and anti-immigration position as ''Deputy 58'', ''Costa Rican Resistance'' and ''Salvation Costa Rica'' called an anti-government demonstration on 1 May with small attendance.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chinchilla|first1=Aarón|title=Ultranacionalistas costarricenses convocan marcha contra Gobierno en 1 de Mayo|url=https://elperiodicocr.com/ultranacionalistas-costarricenses-convocan-marcha-contra-gobierno-en-1-de-mayo/|access-date=24 June 2019|agency=El Periódico|date=30 April 2019|archive-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624053752/https://elperiodicocr.com/ultranacionalistas-costarricenses-convocan-marcha-contra-gobierno-en-1-de-mayo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cartín|first1=Cristian|title=Llaman a concentrarse contra Carlos Alvarado|url=https://www.diarioextra.com/Noticia/detalle/388095/llaman-a-concentrarse--contra-carlos-alvarado|access-date=24 June 2019|agency=Diario Extra|date=30 April 2019|archive-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624053752/https://www.diarioextra.com/Noticia/detalle/388095/llaman-a-concentrarse--contra-carlos-alvarado|url-status=live}}</ref>