Editing Malaria (section)

===New targets===
Targeting ''Plasmodium'' liver-stage parasites selectively is emerging as an alternative strategy in the face of resistance to the latest frontline combination therapies against blood stages of the parasite.<ref name="Stanway-2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stanway RR, Bushell E, Chiappino-Pepe A, Roques M, Sanderson T, Franke-Fayard B, Caldelari R, Golomingi M, Nyonda M, Pandey V, Schwach F, Chevalley S, Ramesar J, Metcalf T, Herd C, Burda PC, Rayner JC, Soldati-Favre D, Janse CJ, Hatzimanikatis V, Billker O, Heussler VT | title = Genome-Scale Identification of Essential Metabolic Processes for Targeting the Plasmodium Liver Stage | journal = Cell | volume = 179 | issue = 5 | pages = 1112–1128.e26 | date = November 2019 | pmid = 31730853 | pmc = 6904910 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.030 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In research conducted in 2019, using experimental analysis with knockout (KO) mutants of ''Plasmodium berghei'', the authors were able to identify genes that are potentially essential in the liver stage. Moreover, they generated a computational model to analyse pre–erytrocytic development and liver–stage metabolism. Combining both methods they identified seven metabolic subsystems that become essential compared to the blood stage. Some of these metabolic pathways are fatty acid synthesis and elongation, tricarboxylic acid, amino acid and heme metabolism among others.<ref name="Stanway-2019"/>

Specifically, they studied three subsystems: fatty acid synthesis and elongation, and amino sugar biosynthesis. For the first two pathways they demonstrated a clear dependence of the liver stage on its own fatty acid metabolism.<ref name="Stanway-2019"/>

They proved for the first time the critical role of amino sugar biosynthesis in the liver stage of ''P. berghei''. The uptake of N–acetyl–glucosamine appears to be limited in the liver stage, being its synthesis needed for the parasite development.<ref name="Stanway-2019"/>

These findings and the computational model provide a basis for the design of antimalarial therapies targeting metabolic proteins.<ref name="Stanway-2019"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roy M, Rawat A, Kaushik S, Jyoti A, Srivastava VK | title = Endogenous cysteine protease inhibitors in upmost pathogenic parasitic protozoa | journal = Microbiological Research | volume = 261 | pages = 127061 | date = August 2022 | pmid = 35605309 | doi = 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127061 | s2cid = 248741177 | doi-access = free }}</ref>