Editing Analytic philosophy (section)

====Liberalism====
[[File:John Rawls (1971 photo portrait).jpg|thumb|140px|John Rawls]]

[[Isaiah Berlin]] had a lasting influence on both analytic political philosophy and liberalism with his lecture "[[Two Concepts of Liberty]]".{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} Berlin defined 'negative liberty' as absence of coercion or interference in private actions. 'Positive liberty' Berlin maintained, could be thought of as self-mastery, which asks not what we are free from, but what we are free to do.

Current analytic political philosophy owes much to [[John Rawls]], who in a series of papers from the 1950s onward (most notably "Two Concepts of Rules" and "Justice as Fairness") and his 1971 book ''[[A Theory of Justice]]'', produced a sophisticated defense of a generally liberal [[Egalitarianism|egalitarian]] account of distributive justice. Rawls introduced the term the [[Original position|veil of ignorance]].

This was followed soon by Rawls's colleague [[Robert Nozick]]'s book ''[[Anarchy, State, and Utopia]]'', a defense of [[free-market]] [[libertarianism]].  [[Consequentialist libertarianism]] also derives from the analytic tradition {{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}.

During recent decades there have also been several critics of liberalism, including the [[feminism|feminist]] critiques by [[Catharine MacKinnon]] and [[Andrea Dworkin]], the [[multiculturalism|multiculturalist]] critiques by [[Amy Gutmann]] and [[Charles Taylor (philosopher)|Charles Taylor]], and the [[communitarianism|communitarian]] critiques by [[Michael Sandel]] and [[Alasdair MacIntyre]] (although neither of them endorses the term).