Editing Industrial Revolution (section)

====Sweden====
{{Main|Economic history of Sweden}}
Between 1790 and 1815, Sweden experienced two parallel economic movements: an ''agricultural revolution'' with larger agricultural estates, new crops, and farming tools and commercialisation of farming, and a ''proto industrialisation'', with small industries being established in the countryside and workers switching between agriculture in summer and industrial production in winter. This led to economic growth benefiting large sections of the population and leading up to a consumption revolution starting in the 1820s. Between 1815 and 1850, the protoindustries developed into more specialised and larger industries. This period witnessed regional specialisation with mining in [[Bergslagen]], textile mills in Sjuhäradsbygden, and forestry in [[Norrland]]. Important institutional changes took place, such as free and mandatory schooling introduced in 1842 (first time in the world), the abolition of the national monopoly on trade in handicrafts in 1846, and a stock company law in 1848.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03585522.1982.10407973 | doi=10.1080/03585522.1982.10407973 | title=Proto-industrialisation and factories: Textiles in Sweden in the mid-nineteenth century | date=1982 | last1=Schön | first1=Lennart | journal=Scandinavian Economic History Review | volume=30 | pages=57–71 | access-date=23 August 2020 | archive-date=14 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414185210/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03585522.1982.10407973 | url-status=live }}</ref>

From 1850 to 1890, there was a rapid expansion in exports, dominated by crops, wood, and steel. Sweden abolished most tariffs and other barriers to free trade in the 1850s and joined the gold standard in 1873. Large infrastructural investments were made, mainly in the expanding railroad network, which was financed by the government and private enterprises.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bengtsson|first1=Erik|last2=Missiaia|first2=Anna|last3=Olsson|first3=Mats|last4=Svensson|first4=Patrick|title=Wealth inequality in Sweden, 1750–1900†|journal=The Economic History Review|volume=71|issue=3|language=en|pages=772–794|doi=10.1111/ehr.12576|issn=1468-0289|year=2018|s2cid=154088734|doi-access=free}}</ref> From 1890 to 1930, new industries developed with their focus on the domestic market: mechanical engineering, power utilities, [[papermaking]] and textile.