Editing In vitro fertilisation (section)

==== Same-sex couples ====
In larger urban centres, studies have noted that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) populations are among the fastest-growing users of fertility care.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kirubarajan A, Patel P, Leung S, Park B, Sierra S |date=May 2021 |title=Cultural competence in fertility care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people: a systematic review of patient and provider perspectives |journal=Fertility and Sterility |language=English |volume=115 |issue=5 |pages=1294–1301 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.002 |pmid=33610322 |s2cid=231990647 |doi-access=free}}</ref> IVF is increasingly being used to allow lesbian and other LGBT couples to share in the reproductive process through a technique called [[reciprocal IVF]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2018 |title=Shared motherhood: The amazing way lesbian couples are having babies |work=Cosmopolitan |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/love-sex/relationships/a17851346/how-lesbian-couples-have-babies/ |access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> The eggs of one partner are used to create embryos which the other partner carries through pregnancy. For gay male couples, many elect to use IVF through gestational surrogacy, where one partner's sperm is used to fertilise a donor ovum, and the resulting embryo is transplanted into a surrogate carrier's womb.<ref>{{Citation |title=Gay Men and Surrogacy |date=2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35610-1_8 |work=LGBTQ-Parent Families: Innovations in Research and Implications for Practice |pages=143–160 |access-date=30 November 2022 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-35610-1_8 |isbn=978-3-030-35610-1 |vauthors=Berkowitz D |veditors=Goldberg AE, Allen KR}}</ref> There are various IVF options available for same-sex couples including, but not limited to, IVF with donor sperm, IVF with a partner's oocytes, reciprocal IVF, IVF with donor eggs, and IVF with gestational surrogate. IVF with donor sperm can be considered traditional IVF for lesbian couples, but reciprocal IVF or using a partner's oocytes are other options for lesbian couples trying to conceive to include both partners in the biological process. Using a partner's oocytes is an option for partners who are unsuccessful in conceiving with their own, and reciprocal IVF involves undergoing reproduction with a donor egg and sperm that is then transferred to a partner who will gestate. Donor IVF involves conceiving with a third party's eggs. Typically, for gay male couples hoping to use IVF, the common techniques are using IVF with donor eggs and gestational surrogates.<ref name="Bayer2017">{{Cite book |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781351241496/boston-ivf-handbook-infertility-steven-bayer |title=A Practical Guide for Practitioners Who Care for Infertile Couples, Fourth Edition |vauthors=Bayer SR |year=2017 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781351241496 |veditors=Bayer SR, Alper MM, Penzias AS |doi=10.4324/9781351241496}}</ref>