Editing Etruscan language (section)

====Numerals====
{{main|Etruscan numerals}}
Much debate has been carried out about a possible [[Proto-Indo-European numerals|Indo-European]] origin of the Etruscan cardinals. In the words of [[Larissa Bonfante]] (1990), "What these numerals show, beyond any shadow of a doubt, is the non-Indo-European nature of the Etruscan language".{{sfn|Bonfante|1990|p=22}} Conversely, other scholars, including [[Francisco Rodríguez Adrados|Francisco R. Adrados]], Albert Carnoy, Marcello Durante, Vladimir Georgiev, Alessandro Morandi and Massimo Pittau, have proposed a close phonetic proximity of the first ten Etruscan numerals to the corresponding numerals in other Indo-European languages.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carnoy |first1=A. |title=LA LANGUE ÉTRUSQUE ET SES ORIGINES |journal=L'Antiquité Classique |date=1952 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=289–331 |doi=10.3406/antiq.1952.3451 |jstor=41643730 }}</ref><ref>Morandi, A., ''Nuovi lineamenti di lingua etrusca'', Erre Emme (Roma, 1991), chapter IV.</ref><ref>Pittau, M., "I numerali Etruschi", ''Atti del Sodalizio Glottologico Milanese'', vol. XXXV–XXXVI, 1994/1995 (1996), pp.&nbsp;95–105. ([http://www.pittau.it/Etrusco/Studi/dadi.html])</ref>

The lower Etruscan numerals are:{{sfn|Bonfante|Bonfante|2002|p=96}}

# {{Transliteration|ett|θu}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|zal}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|ci}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|huθ}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|maχ}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|śa}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|semφ}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|cezp}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|nurφ}}
# {{Transliteration|ett|śar}}

It is unclear which of {{Transliteration|ett|semφ}}, {{Transliteration|ett|cezp}}, and {{Transliteration|ett|nurφ}} are 7, 8 and 9. {{Transliteration|ett|Śar}} may also mean 'twelve', with {{Transliteration|ett|halχ}} for 'ten'.

For higher numbers, it has been determined that {{Transliteration|ett|zaθrum}} is 20, {{Transliteration|ett|cealχ/*cialχ}} 30, {{Transliteration|ett|*huθalχ}} 40, {{Transliteration|ett|muvalχ}} 50, {{Transliteration|ett|šealχ}} 60, and {{Transliteration|ett|semφalχ}} and {{Transliteration|ett|cezpalχ}} any two in the series 70–90. {{Transliteration|ett|Śran}} is 100 (clearly < {{Transliteration|ett|śar}} 10, just as Proto-Indo-European {{Lang|ine-x-proto|dḱm̥tom-}} 100 is from {{Lang|ine-x-proto|deḱm-}} 10). Further, {{Transliteration|ett|θun-z, e-sl-z, ci-z(i)}} mean 'once, twice, and thrice' respectively; {{Transliteration|ett|θun[š]na}} and {{Transliteration|ett|*kisna}} 'first' and 'third'; {{Transliteration|ett|θunur, zelur}} 'one by one', 'two by two'; and {{Transliteration|ett|zelarve-}} and {{Transliteration|ett|śarve}} are 'double' and 'quadruple'.<ref name=Belfiore2020/>