Editing Chinese art (section)

==Art market==
[[File:AllTheMountainsBlanketedinred.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''All The Mountains Blanketed in Red'' by Li Keran]]

Today, the market for Chinese art, both antique and contemporary, is widely reported to be among the hottest and fastest-growing in the world, attracting buyers all over the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vogel |first=Carol |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/20/arts/design/20emer.html?ex=1287460800&en=7cfe74154b7f5de8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |title=Christie's Going, Going to China to Hold Auctions. ''The New York Times'' |location=China |work=The New York Times  |date=October 20, 2005 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Barboza |first=David |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/04/arts/design/04arti.html?ex=1325566800&en=ba1a6b8418c78d5a&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |title=Booming Chinese Art Market – Report. ''The New York Times'' |location=China |work=The New York Times  |date=January 4, 2007 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Vogel |first=Carol |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/24/arts/design/24voge.html?ex=1324616400&en=f95450728134eced&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |title=Chinese Art – Report. ''The New York Times'' |location=China |work=The New York Times |date=December 24, 2006 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref>  The ''Voice of America'' reported in 2006 that modern Chinese art is raking in record prices both internationally and in domestic markets, some experts even fearing the market might be overheating.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-09/2006-09-19-voa15.cfm?renderforprint=1&textonly=1&&CFID=64576828&CFTOKEN=93338339 |title=Market Red Hot for Modern Chinese Art |access-date=October 24, 2006 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20061024093844/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-09/2006-09-19-voa15.cfm?renderforprint=1&textonly=1&&CFID=64576828&CFTOKEN=93338339 |archive-date=October 24, 2006 |url-status=bot: unknown |df=mdy-all}}</ref> ''The Economist'' reported that Chinese art has become the latest darling in the world market according to the record sales from [[Sotheby's]] and [[Christie's]], the biggest fine-art auction houses.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8522411 |title=''The over-heating art market''. The Economist |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=2011-11-13 |date=January 11, 2007}}</ref>

Contemporary Chinese art saw record sales throughout the 2000s. In 2007, it was estimated that 5 of the world's 10 best selling living artists at art auction were from China, with artists such as [[Zhang Xiaogang]] whose works were sold for a total of $56.8 million at auction in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barboza |first=David |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/arts/design/07coll.html?sq=Zeng%20Fanzhi%20Sotheby%26st=cse%26scp=5%26pagewanted=all |title=Some Contemporary Chinese Artists Are Angry About an April Auction at Sotheby's – New York Times |location=China |work=The New York Times |date=May 7, 2008 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref> In terms of buying-market, China overtook France in the late 2000s as the world's third-largest art market, after the United States and the United Kingdom, due to the growing middle-class in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business24-7.ae/Articles/2008/5/Pages/05022008_511a6d9db469417d942a7f8c813384ca.aspx |title=Culture and art Beijing style. Emirates Business-24 |publisher=Business24-7.ae |access-date=2011-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130090747/http://www.business24-7.ae/Articles/2008/5/Pages/05022008_511a6d9db469417d942a7f8c813384ca.aspx |archive-date=January 30, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Art_/China_way_ahead_of_India_in_contemporary_art/articleshow/2853096.cms China way ahead of India in contemporary art. ''The Economic Times'']</ref> [[Sotheby's]] noted that contemporary Chinese art has rapidly changed the contemporary Asian art world into one of the most dynamic sectors on the international art market.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sotheby's |url=http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/dept/DeptGlobal.jsp?dept_id=188 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> During the global economic crisis, the contemporary Asian art market and the contemporary Chinese art market experienced a slow down in late 2008.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pomfret |first=James |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE4972LU20081008 |title=Chinese art sales weak in Sotheby's HK auction. Reuters |work=Reuters |access-date=2011-11-13 |date=October 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Barboza |first=David |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/arts/design/11decl.html?_r=2 |title=China's Art Market: Cold or Maybe Hibernating? ''New York Times'' |location=China |work=The New York Times  |date=March 10, 2009 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref>  The market for Contemporary Chinese and Asian art saw a major revival in late 2009 with record level sales at Christie's.<ref>{{cite news|last=Santini |first=Laura |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704007804574574212718201866 |title="Christie's Sees Hong Kong Revival As Auction Pulls In $212.5 Million". ''The Wall Street Journal'' |work=The Wall Street Journal  |date=December 4, 2009 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref>

For centuries largely made-up of European and American buyers, the international buying market for Chinese art has also begun to be dominated by Chinese dealers and collectors in recent years.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/03/arts/03iht-melik3.html "Chinese Bidders Conquer Market"] article by [[Souren Melikian]] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' April 2, 2010</ref> It was reported in 2011, China has become the world's second biggest market for art and antiques, accounting for 23 percent of the world's total art market, behind the United States (which accounts for 34 percent of the world's art market).<ref>{{cite news|author=AFP |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/china-overtakes-britain-as-second-biggest-art-market-2245587.html |title=China overtakes Britain as second biggest art market |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=March 18, 2011 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref> Another transformation driving the growth of the Chinese art market is the rise of a clientele no longer mostly European or American. New fortunes from countries once thought of as poor often prefer non-Western art; a large gallerist in the field has offices in both New York and Beijing, but clients mainly hailing from Latin America, Asia and the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Genis|first1=Daniel|title=Eli Klein on Riding the Wave of China's Contemporary Art Scene|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2015/04/24/riding-wave-chinas-contemporary-art-scene-321621.html|website=www.Newsweek.com|access-date=30 May 2015|date=2015-04-11}}</ref>

One of the areas that has revived art concentration and also commercialized the industry is the [[798 Art District]] in [[Dashanzi]] of Beijing. The artist Zhang Xiaogang sold a 1993 painting for US$2.3 million in 2006, which included blank faced Chinese families from the Cultural Revolution era,<ref>Msnbc. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152103/http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/05/29/206405.aspx Msnbc] ." ''China's Art scene.'' Retrieved 2007-05-30.</ref> while [[Yue Minjun]]'s work ''Execution'' in 2007 was sold for a then record of nearly $6 million at Sotheby's.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120419160937/http://thestaronline.com/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F10%2F13%2Fapworld%2F20071013203027&sec=apworldCollectors Chinese painting sets sales record at London auction]. thestaronline.com. Retrieved 2011-11-11.</ref> Collectors including [[Stanley Ho]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119031552561934214|title=In Macau, Moguls Bet Big on Donated Art|first=Geoffrey A.|last=Fowler|date=September 21, 2007|newspaper=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> the owner of the [[Gambling in Macau|Macau Casinos]], investment manager [[Christopher Tsai]],<ref name="Miami Herald">{{cite news|title=China Becoming a Major Player in International Art World|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/ent-columns-blogs/jordan-levin/article4279669.html|access-date=25 August 2015|newspaper=Miami Herald}}</ref> and casino developer [[Steve Wynn]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lasvegassun.com/news/2011/jul/09/seven-wynns-notable-art-purchases/|title=7 of Steve Wynn's most notable art purchases|date=July 9, 2011}}</ref> would capitalize on the art trends. Items such as Ming dynasty vases and assorted Imperial pieces were auctioned off.

Other art works were sold in places such as Christie's including a Chinese porcelain piece with the mark of the [[Qianlong Emperor]] sold for [[Hong Kong dollar|HKD $]] $151.3 million. Sotheby's and Christie's act as major market platforms for classical Chinese porcelain art pieces to be sold, including Ming dynasty, Xuande mark and period (1426–35) Blue and White jar (Five-Clawed Dragon Print), which was auctioned for Approx. USD 19,224,491.2, through Christie's in Spring 2016<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yi Ching|first1=Leung|title=2016 Top 20 Chinese porcelain auctions (Sotheby's/ Christie's)|url=http://www.zentopia-culture.com/single-post/2017/01/13/2016-Top-20-Chinese-porcelain-auctions-Sothebys-Christies|website=www.zentopia-culture.com/|publisher=Leung Yi Ching|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224182519/https://www.zentopia-culture.com/single-post/2017/01/13/2016-Top-20-Chinese-porcelain-auctions-Sothebys-Christies|archive-date=February 24, 2019}}</ref> The ''International Herald Tribune'' reported that Chinese [[porcelain]]s were fought over in the art market as "if there was no tomorrow".<ref>{{cite web|last=Melikian |first=Souren |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/07/29/opinion/melik30.php |title=Disregarded yesterday; pricey Chinese art today. ''International Herald Tribune'' |work=International Herald Tribune |date=July 30, 2005 |access-date=2011-11-13}}</ref>

A 1964 painting by [[Li Keran]] ''"All the Mountains Blanketed in Red"'' was sold for HKD $35 million. Auctions were also held at Sotheby's where [[Xu Beihong]]'s 1939 masterpiece ''"[[Put Down Your Whip (painting)|Put Down Your Whip]]"'' sold for HKD $72 million.<ref>Bloomberg."[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=apr0WdZDMXxY&refer=muse Bloomberg]." ''Stanley Ho Buys Chinese Emperor's Throne for HK$13.7 Million.'' Retrieved 2007-05-30.</ref> The industry is not limited to fine arts, as many other types of contemporary pieces were also sold. In 2000, a number of Chinese artists were included in [[Documenta]] and the [[Venice Biennale]] of 2003. China now has its own major contemporary art showcase with the Venice Biennale. [[Fuck Off (art exhibition)|Fuck Off]] was a notorious art exhibition which ran alongside the Shanghai Biennial Festival in 2000 and was curated by independent curator [[Feng Boyi]] and contemporary artist [[Ai Weiwei]].