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==Regulations== Many governments have enacted laws to regulate TCM practice. === Australia === From 1 July 2012 Chinese medicine practitioners must be registered under the national registration and accreditation scheme with the Chinese Medicine Board of Australia and meet the Board's Registration Standards, to practice in Australia.<ref name="dEoSG">{{cite web|url=https://www.chinesemedicineboard.gov.au/Registration.aspx|title=Chinese Medicine Board of Australia – Registration|website=Chinese Medicine Board of Australia|access-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024040943/https://www.chinesemedicineboard.gov.au/Registration.aspx|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> === Canada === TCM is regulated in five provinces in Canada: Alberta, British Columbia,<ref name="efn1q">{{cite web |url=http://www.ctcma.bc.ca/about.asp |title=CTCMA |publisher=College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists of British Columbia |access-date=25 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014195917/http://www.ctcma.bc.ca/about.asp |archive-date=14 October 2012}}</ref> Ontario,<ref name="LYHr5">{{cite web |url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_06t27_e.htm |title=Traditional Chinese Medicine Act, 2006 |work=S.O. 2006, c. 27 |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523091035/http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_06t27_e.htm |archive-date=23 May 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Quebec, and Newfoundland & Labrador. === China (mainland) === The [[National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine]] was created in 1949, which then absorbed existing TCM management in 1986 with major changes in 1998.<ref name="IO4NJ">{{cite web|author1=State Council of the People's Republic of China|script-title=zh:国务院关于成立国家中医管理局的通知(国发〔1986〕79号)|trans-title=State Countil notification on establishing the NATCM (SC [1986] 79)|url=http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2012-07/25/content_6480.htm|date=1986-07-20|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604164832/http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2012-07/25/content_6480.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FwJ6J">{{cite web |author1=General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China |script-title=zh:国务院办公厅关于印发国家中医药管理局职能配置内设机构和人员编制规定的通知(国办发〔1998〕95号) |trans-title=State Office notification on provisions for nstitutions and staffing of the NATCM (SO [1998] 95) |url=http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2010-11/18/content_7729.htm |date=1998-06-25 |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604164841/http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2010-11/18/content_7729.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> China's National People's Congress Standing Committee passed the country's first law on TCM in 2016, which came into effect on 1 July 2017. The new law standardized TCM certifications by requiring TCM practitioners to (i) pass exams administered by provincial-level TCM authorities, and (ii) obtain recommendations from two certified practitioners. TCM products and services can be advertised only with approval from the local TCM authority.<ref name="WebMD China TCM">{{cite web|title=China passes first law on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)|url=http://webmd.cn/en/china-passes-first-law-traditional-chinese-medicine-tcm/|publisher=WebMD China|date=28 December 2016|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828170102/http://webmd.cn/en/china-passes-first-law-traditional-chinese-medicine-tcm/|archive-date=28 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ready-to-use TCM preparations, also known as [[Chinese patent medicine]]s, are regulated by the [[National Medical Products Administration]] (and its predecessor CFDA) similar to preparations used in modern medicine since 1984. The barrier for entry, however, is much lower than medications based on modern/non-TCM principles; the rules allow for omitting clinical testing in a variety of circumstances.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=瞿礼萍 |author2=唐健元 |author3=张磊 |author4=杨忠奇 |author5=元唯安 |author6=王停 |author7=张永文 |author8=李耿 |script-title=zh:我国中药注册分类的历史演变,现状与问题 |trans-title=Historical evolution, current situation and problems in China's registration and classification of TCM preparations |journal=中国中药杂志 |date=2022 |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=562–568 |url=https://www.doc88.com/p-11673665249265.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=NMPA China |script-title=zh:附件1:中药、天然药物注册分类及申报资料要求 |trans-title=Attachment 1. Classification and Application Materials Requirements for Registration of Traditional Chinese Medicines and Natural Medicines |url=https://m.mofcom.gov.cn/article/bh/200707/20070704847505.shtml |website=m.mofcom.gov.cn |language=zh |date=2007}}</ref> As of 2025, the latest (2020) rules allow a simplified procedure for preparations derived from an approved list of "classic prescriptions".<ref>{{cite web |last1=NMPA China |script-title=zh:国家药监局关于发布《中药注册分类及申报资料要求》的通告 |trans-title=Announcement of the NMPA on the promulgation of the "Classification and Application Materials Requirements for Registration of Traditional Chinese Medicines" |url=https://www.catcm.org.cn/129/202009/1266.html |website=www.catcm.org.cn}}</ref> The [[Healthcare in China|government-run healthcare system]] covers a number of TCM procedures and preparations. In 2021, a total of 7114.5 billion yuan went into healthcare, amounting for 6.59% of the year's national GDP. Of these, 1111.5 billion yuan went into covering costs associated with TCM preparations (0.97% of national GDP), with 592.4 billion yuan covering the actual medications.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=智 |first1=王 |script-title=zh:基于机构流向法的全国中医药总费用变化趋势及流向分析 |trans-title=Analysis on the trend and flow of total expenditure of traditional Chinese medicine in China based on the institutional flow method |journal=中国卫生经济 |date=October 2024 |volume=43 |issue=9 |pages=40–43 |url=http://www.cn-he.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=1202312008&flag=1 |language=zh |issn=1003-0743}}</ref> ===Hong Kong=== During [[British Hong Kong|British rule]], Chinese medicine practitioners in Hong Kong were not recognized as "medical doctors", which means they could not issue prescription drugs, give injections, etc. However, TCM practitioners could register and operate TCM as "herbalists".<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:香港执业中医的概况|url=http://www.cntv.cn/program/zhyy/topic/health/C12827/20040824/101533.shtml|publisher=央视国际|date=2004-08-24|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606022643/http://www.cntv.cn/program/zhyy/topic/health/C12827/20040824/101533.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong was established in 1999. It regulates the compounds and professional standards for TCM practitioners. All TCM practitioners in Hong Kong are required to register with the council. The eligibility for registration includes a recognised 5-year university degree of TCM, a 30-week minimum supervised clinical internship, and passing the licensing exam.<ref name="Rfm3C">[http://www.cmchk.org.hk/index_en.html The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111100346/http://www.cmchk.org.hk/index_en.html |date=11 January 2014}} Hong Kong Registered the Chinese Medicine Practitioner licensure requirements</ref> Currently, the approved Chinese medicine institutions are [[HKU]], [[CUHK]] and [[HKBU]].<ref>{{cite web |title=3 Institutions offering Chinese Medicine Courses In Hongkong |url=https://www.hotcoursesabroad.com/study/training-degrees/hongkong/chinese-medicine-courses/loc/84/cgory/hk.7-4/sin/ct/programs.html |access-date=29 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ===Macau=== The [[Portuguese Macau]] government seldom interfered in the affairs of Chinese society, including with regard to regulations on the practice of TCM. There were a few TCM pharmacies in Macau during the colonial period. In 1994, the Portuguese Macau government published Decree-Law no. 53/94/M that officially started to regulate the TCM market. After the sovereign handover, the Macau S.A.R. government also published regulations on the practice of TCM.{{Clarify|date=January 2022}} In 2000, [[Macau University of Science and Technology]] and [[Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine]] established the Macau College of Traditional Chinese Medicine to offer a degree course in Chinese medicine.<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=zh:澳门的高等中医药教育|url=https://eic.tjutcm.edu.cn/info/1005/1140.htm|publisher=世界中医药教育|date=2013-04-19|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606022709/https://eic.tjutcm.edu.cn/info/1005/1140.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2022, a new law regulating TCM, Law no. 11/2021, came into effect. The same law also repealed Decree-Law no. 53/94/M.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lei n.º 11/2021|url=https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2021/30/lei11.asp|access-date=2022-01-08|website=|language=pt|via=Imprensa Oficial|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108094729/https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2021/30/lei11.asp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Special Report – Traditional Chinese Medicine – Breathing a new life|url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/special-report-traditional-chinese-medicine-breathing-a-new-life/|access-date=2022-01-08|website=|date=31 December 2021|language=en|via=Macau Business|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224081010/https://www.macaubusiness.com/special-report-traditional-chinese-medicine-breathing-a-new-life/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Indonesia === [[File:Chinese traditional medicine.jpg|thumb|The Chinese traditional medicine at a Chinese traditional medicine shop at Jagalan Road, Surabaya, Indonesia]] All traditional medicines, including TCM, are regulated by Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation of 2013 on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine license (''Surat Izin Pengobatan Tradisional'' – SIPT) is granted to the practitioners whose methods are recognized as safe and may benefit health.<ref name="men">{{cite web |url=https://dinkes.belitung.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kepmenkes-9980d-kepmenkes_1076-pengobatan-tradisional.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110161753/https://dinkes.belitung.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kepmenkes-9980d-kepmenkes_1076-pengobatan-tradisional.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-10 |url-status=live |title=KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA }}</ref> The TCM clinics are registered but there is no explicit regulation for it. The only TCM method which is accepted by medical logic and is empirically proofed is acupuncture.<ref name="rgrUG">Cheta Nilawaty dan Rini Kustiati. 13 August 2012. TEMPO, [http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/08/13/060423155/Belum-Ada-Aturan-Soal-Klinik-Pengobatan-Cina Belum Ada Aturan Soal Klinik Pengobatan Cina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084547/http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/08/13/060423155/Belum-Ada-Aturan-Soal-Klinik-Pengobatan-Cina |date=19 August 2014}}. {{in lang|id}}</ref> The acupuncturists can get SIPT and participate in health care facilities.<ref name="men" /> ===Japan=== [[File:Drug Seirogan.png|thumb|''[[Seirogan]]'', a type of antidiarrhoeal drug in Japan developed based on Kanpo medicine theory]] {{Main|Kampo|Kampo list}} Under modern Japanese medical law, it is possible for doctors to perform acupuncture and massage, but because there is a separate law regarding acupuncture and massage, these treatments are mainly performed by massage therapists, acupuncturists, and moxibustion practitioners.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:・あん摩マツサージ指圧師、はり師、きゆう師等に関する法律(◆昭和22年12月20日法律第217号) |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/web/t_doc?dataId=80138000&dataType=0&pageNo=1 |website=www.mhlw.go.jp |language=ja |access-date=17 January 2024 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814110001/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/web/t_doc?dataId=80138000&dataType=0&pageNo=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Korea === [[File:Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine 한국한의학연구원 main building entrance.jpg|thumb|Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine]] {{main|Traditional Korean medicine}} Under the Medical Service Act ({{lang|ko|의료법/醫療法}}), an oriental medical doctor, whose obligation is to administer oriental medical treatment and provide guidance for health based on '''oriental medicine''', shall be treated in the same manner as a medical doctor or dentist.<ref>{{cite web |title=MEDICAL SERVICE ACT {{!}} KOREAN LAW INFORMATION CENTER {{!}} LAW SEARCH |url=https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/eng/engLsSc.do?menuId=2§ion=lawNm&query=+Medical+Service+Act&x=28&y=23#liBgcolor14 |website=www.law.go.kr |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128092226/https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/eng/engLsSc.do?menuId=2§ion=lawNm&query=+Medical+Service+Act&x=28&y=23#liBgcolor14 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine is the top research center of TCM in Korea. === Malaysia === The Traditional and Complementary Medicine Bill was passed by parliament in 2012 establishing the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Council to register and regulate traditional and complementary medicine practitioners, including TCM practitioners as well as other traditional and complementary medicine practitioners such as those in traditional Malay medicine and traditional Indian medicine.<ref name="WaKgb">{{cite web|url=https://www.npra.gov.my/images/Announcement/2015/NRC-2015-day2/TMHS08-P-Ms-TehLiYin-31-07-15.pdf|title=Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) Act [What Should You Know?]|work=Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division|publisher=Ministry of Health, Malaysia|year=2015|access-date=14 May 2019|page=10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514052514/https://www.npra.gov.my/images/Announcement/2015/NRC-2015-day2/TMHS08-P-Ms-TehLiYin-31-07-15.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Netherlands === [[File:中 Zhong - Nederlandse Vereniging voor Traditionele Chinese Geneeskunde logo (Big).jpg|thumb|right|The logo of the Dutch Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine (or ''中 Zhong - Nederlandse Vereniging voor Traditionele Chinese Geneeskunde''), the largest of the professional organisations that is recognised by private [[health insurance]] companies in the Netherlands.]] There are no specific regulations in the Netherlands on TCM;<ref name="CAM-Regulations-Netherlands">{{cite web|url= http://cam-regulation.org/en/traditional-chinese-medicine-tcm-netherlands|title= Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the Netherlands.|date= 31 December 2012|access-date= 12 March 2020|author= CAM Regulation admin|publisher= Norway's National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200330000727/http://cam-regulation.org/en/traditional-chinese-medicine-tcm-netherlands|archive-date= 30 March 2020|url-status= live}}</ref> TCM is neither prohibited nor recognised by the [[government of the Netherlands]].<ref name="ETCMAZhongNethetlands">{{cite web|url=https://www.etcma.org/find-a-member/the-netherlands/zhong/|title=Nederlandse Vereniging voor Traditionele Chinese Geneeskunde (ZHONG) - Dutch Association of Chinese Traditional Medicine.|date=2020|access-date=12 March 2020|work=European Traditional Chinese Medicine Association (ETCMA)|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330000723/https://www.etcma.org/find-a-member/the-netherlands/zhong/|archive-date=30 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Chinese herbology|Chinese herbs as well as Chinese herbal products]] that are used in TCM are classified as foods and [[food supplement]]s, and these Chinese herbs can be imported into the Netherlands as well as marketed as such without any type registration or notification to the government.<ref name="ETCMAZhongNethetlands" /> Despite its status, some private [[health insurance]] companies reimburse a certain amount of annual costs for [[acupuncture]] treatments, this depends on one's insurance policy, as not all insurance policies cover it, and if the acupuncture practitioner is or is not a member of one of the professional organisations that are recognised by private health insurance companies.<ref name="ETCMAZhongNethetlands" /> The recognized professional organizations include the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Acupunctuur (NVA), Nederlandse Artsen Acupunctuur Vereniging (NAAV), ZHONG, (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Traditionele Chinese Geneeskunde), Nederlandse Beroepsvereniging Chinese Geneeswijzen Yi (NBCG Yi), and Wetenschappelijke Artsen Vereniging voor Acupunctuur in Nederland (WAVAN).<ref name="ZorgwijzerTraditionalChineseMedicine">{{cite web|url= https://www.zorgwijzer.nl/vergoeding/acupunctuur|title= Acupunctuur (2020).|date= 2020|access-date= 12 March 2020|work= Zorgwijzer|language= nl|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200312201516/https://www.zorgwijzer.nl/vergoeding/acupunctuur|archive-date= 12 March 2020|url-status= live}}</ref> === New Zealand === Although there are no regulatory standards for the practice of TCM in New Zealand, in the year 1990, acupuncture was included in the Governmental [[Accident Compensation Corporation]] (ACC) Act. This inclusion granted qualified and professionally registered acupuncturists to provide subsidised care and treatment to citizens, residents, and temporary visitors for work or sports related injuries that occurred within and upon the land of New Zealand. The two bodies for the regulation of acupuncture and attainment of ACC treatment provider status in New Zealand are Acupuncture NZ<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.acupuncture.org.nz/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Acupuncture NZ|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119203419/https://www.acupuncture.org.nz/|url-status=live}}</ref> and The New Zealand Acupuncture Standards Authority.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NZASA - Home|url=https://nzasa.org/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=nzasa.org|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414013230/https://nzasa.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Accident Compensation Act 2001 No 49 (as at 01 August 2020), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2001/0049/latest/DLM99494.html|access-date=2020-11-13|website=www.legislation.govt.nz|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025022409/http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2001/0049/latest/DLM99494.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Singapore === The TCM Practitioners Act was passed by Parliament in 2000 and the TCM Practitioners Board was established in 2001 as a statutory board under the Ministry of Health, to register and regulate TCM practitioners. The requirements for registration include possession of a diploma or degree from a TCM educational institution/university on a gazetted list, either structured TCM clinical training at an approved local TCM educational institution or foreign TCM registration together with supervised TCM clinical attachment/practice at an approved local TCM clinic, and upon meeting these requirements, passing the Singapore TCM Physicians Registration Examination (STRE) conducted by the TCM Practitioners Board.<ref name="pcpTk">{{cite web |title = Registration Requirements for the Registration of TCM Physicians |url = http://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/content/hprof/tcmpb/en/leftnav/registration_requirements.html |access-date = 5 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120730171245/http://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/content/hprof/tcmpb/en/leftnav/registration_requirements.html |archive-date = 30 July 2012 |url-status = live}}</ref> In 2024, [[Nanyang Technological University]] will offer the four-year Bachelor of Chinese Medicine programme, which is the first local programme accredited by the [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Ministry of Health]].<ref>{{cite news |title=NTU to offer its own Chinese Medicine degree accredited by Health Ministry's TCM board |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ntu-traditional-chinese-medicine-degree-tcm-3921936 |access-date=27 December 2023 |work=CNA |archive-date=27 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227062254/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ntu-traditional-chinese-medicine-degree-tcm-3921936 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Taiwan === [[File:ROC-MOHW National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine 20161210.jpg|thumb|National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine]] In Taiwan, TCM practitioners are physicians and are regulated by the Physicians Act. They possess the authority to independently diagnose medical conditions, issue prescriptions, dispense Traditional Chinese Medicine, and prescribe a variety of diagnostic tests including [[X-rays]], [[ECG]], and [[blood test|blood]] and [[urine test]].<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:中醫學系畢業之中醫師自即日起得執行醫事檢驗、普通放射檢查及靜止狀態心電圖等權限。 |url=http://www.twtm.tw/new.php?cat=1&id=941 |publisher=National Union of Chinese Medical Doctors' Association, R.O.C |access-date=23 February 2024 |language=zh-tw |date=27 December 2017 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223151340/http://www.twtm.tw/new.php?cat=1&id=941 |url-status=live }}</ref> Under current law, those who wish to qualify for the Chinese medicine exam must have obtained a 7-year university degree in TCM.<ref>{{cite web |title=Physicians Act - Article Content - Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China (Taiwan) |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0020001 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date=27 January 2023 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127122408/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0020001 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine]], established in 1963, is the largest Chinese herbal medicine research center in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Origin and the Past History |url=https://www.nricm.edu.tw/p/412-1000-94.php?Lang=en |website=www.nricm.edu.tw |access-date=27 January 2023 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127123237/https://www.nricm.edu.tw/p/412-1000-94.php?Lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> === United States === As of July 2012, only six states lack legislation to regulate the professional practice of TCM: [[Alabama]], [[Kansas]], [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Wyoming]]. In 1976, California established an Acupuncture Board and became the first state licensing professional acupuncturists.<ref name="esZx6">{{cite web |url=http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/consumer_guide.shtml |title=A Consumer's Guide to Acupuncture and Asian Medicine - Acupuncture Board |access-date=8 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522194421/http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/consumer_guide.shtml |archive-date=22 May 2012}} California Acupuncture Board.</ref>
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