Editing Leatherhead (section)

==Notable buildings and landmarks==
===All Saints' community café and hub===
[[File:All Saints Church Centre, Kingston Road, Leatherhead (geograph 6344148).jpg|thumb|All Saints' community café and hub, Leatherhead]]
All Saints' Church on Kingston Road was consecrated in February 1889 as a daughter church to St Mary's. It was designed by the architect, [[Arthur Blomfield]], and was built to serve a new area of housing under construction to the north of the town centre.<ref name=Heath_Tarplee_2005_p40>{{harvnb|Heath|Tarplee|2005|p=40}}</ref> On opening, the church could accommodate 300 people, but was later extended with the addition of a lady chapel.<ref name=All_Saints>{{cite web |url= http://www.parishchurch.leatherheadweb.org.uk/allsaints.html |title= All Saints' Church, Kingston Road, Leatherhead |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 14 June 2005 |publisher= Parish of Leatherhead |access-date= 11 November 2021 |archive-date= 4 December 2004 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20041204170757/http://www.parishchurch.leatherheadweb.org.uk/allsaints.html |url-status= live }}</ref> By 1980, the congregation had dwindled and the building was in need of repair. A decision was taken to convert the nave of the church to a community space, while retaining the chancel as a place of worship.<ref name=Heath_Tarplee_2005_p40/> The dual-purpose facility was rededicated by the [[Bishop of Dorking]] in March 1982.<ref name=All_Saints/> In 2005, the nave of the church was converted to a Youth Project Café, known as "B Free", to be a space for young people to meet and socialise.<ref name=Heath_Tarplee_2005_p40/> In 2014, the Leatherhead Youth Project, launched a new social enterprise at the church called "AllSaints". The project supports disadvantaged young people, especially those [[NEET|not in education, employment or training]], and provides opportunities for participants to gain employment and life skills.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://allsaints.so/our-story/ |title= Our Story |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 18 August 2021 |publisher= AllSaints Coffee Shop |access-date= 11 November 2021 |archive-date= 11 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211111171703/https://allsaints.so/our-story/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Cherkley Court===
{{main|Cherkley Court}}
Cherkley Court was constructed in around 1870 for Abraham Dixon, a wealthy industrialist from the Midlands.<ref name=Cherkley_NHLE>{{NHLE|num=1028629|desc=Cherkley Court, with attached garden walls|access-date=2 February 2019|grade=II|fewer-links=yes}}</ref><ref name=Vardey_1988_pp155-156>{{harvnb|Vardey|1988|pp=155–156}}</ref> It was substantially rebuilt after a fire in 1893<ref name=Cherkley_NHLE/><ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Fire |location= London |date= 27 July 1893 |issue= 34014 |page= 10}}</ref> and was sold in 1910 to [[Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook]], the Canadian-born owner of the ''[[Daily Express]]''.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|id=30358|title=Aitken, William Maxwell, first Baron Beaverbrook}}</ref> Following the death of [[Sir Max Aitken, 2nd Baronet|Beaverbrook's son]] in 1985,<ref>{{Who's Who | id= U161392 | doi= 10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U161392 | title=Aitken, Sir (John William) Max}}</ref> the estate was owned by the Beaverbrook Foundation until 2011, when it was bought by a consortium of private investors.<ref>{{cite news |last= Adams |first= James |date= 27 April 2011 |title= Lord Beaverbrook's legendary English estate sold to investors |url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/lord-beaverbrooks-legendary-english-estate-sold-to-investors/article577756/ |work= The Globe and Mail |location= Toronto, Ontario |access-date= 15 February 2021 |archive-date= 2 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170402180900/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/lord-beaverbrooks-legendary-english-estate-sold-to-investors/article577756/ |url-status= live }}</ref> Despite considerable local opposition,<ref>{{cite news |last= Edwards |first= Mark |date= 26 September 2014 |title= Second court rejection for Cherkley Court campaigners |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/second-court-rejection-cherkley-court-7836215 |work= Surrey Live |access-date= 15 February 2021 |archive-date= 19 December 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151219233746/http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/second-court-rejection-cherkley-court-7836215 |url-status= live }}</ref> the house was converted to a luxury hotel, spa and golf course, which opened in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last= Edwards |first= Mark |date= 10 August 2015 |title= Cherkley Court set for luxury hotel and golf course revamp |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/cherkley-court-set-luxury-hotel-9823256 |work= Surrey Live |access-date= 15 February 2021 |archive-date= 19 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170319225835/http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/cherkley-court-set-luxury-hotel-9823256 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Morris |first= Deborah |date= 15 September 2017 |title= An iconic Leatherhead country house is now a luxurious hotel and this is what it looks like inside |url= https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/whats-on/food-drink-news/iconic-leatherhead-country-house-now-13608610 |work= Surrey Live |access-date= 15 February 2017 |archive-date= 28 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210228115336/https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/whats-on/food-drink-news/iconic-leatherhead-country-house-now-13608610 |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Cradlers===
[[File:Cradlers, 33-35 High Street, Leatherhead (geograph 6323226).jpg|thumb|right|Cradlers, High Street]]
The building at 33 and 35 High Street, commonly known as "Cradlers", is a late-medieval open [[hall house]], formerly owned by the Manor of Thorncroft. It most likely originated as a farmhouse and was built on the edge of one of the common fields. Although the earliest surviving records of the building date from 1527,<ref name=Blair_1975>{{cite journal |last1= Blair |first1= WJ |year= 1975 |title= "Cradlers" Leatherhead, 33/5 High Street |url= https://leatherheadhistoryarchive.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/VOL_3_NO_9_1975.pdf |journal= Proceedings of the Leatherhead & District Local History Society |volume= 3 |issue= 9 |pages= 298–312 |access-date= 31 January 2021 }}</ref> the construction methods used suggest that it was built in the 13th or 14th century (most likely between 1320 and 1360).<ref name=Blair_1987>{{cite journal |last1= Blair |first= W. J. |year= 1987 |title= Cradlers, Leatherhead: a 14th century timber-framed house |url= https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-379-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_78/surreyac078_073-077_blair.pdf |journal= Surrey Archaeological Collections |volume= 78 |pages= 73–77 |doi= 10.5284/1069129 |access-date= 2 November 2021 |archive-date= 3 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211103125440/https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-379-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Fvol_78%2Fsurreyac078_073-077_blair.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> The western part of the building (now number 33) was constructed as a single-storey hall, but the height of the walls was later raised and an upper floor inserted. The larger eastern part (number 35) was built as two storeys from the outset. In the late medieval period, the rooms closest to the street were probably used as living quarters, but the northernmost third of the [[wing (building)|wing]] may have contained a workshop and hayloft.<ref name=Blair_1975/>

Although much of its original timber frame survives, Cradlers has been altered at several points in its history.<ref name=Blair_1987/> In the 17th century, a chimney stack and internal staircase were added<ref name=NHLE_Cradlers>{{NHLE|num=1190843|desc=33 and 35 High Street|grade=II|fewer-links=yes|access-date= 2 November 2021}}</ref> and the roof was rebuilt around the same time, probably reusing used timbers from other buildings. In the early modern period, Cradlers may have served as a tavern or hostelry<ref name=Blair_1987/> and at different times in the 19th and 20th centuries, it housed a butchers, a fruiterers and a ladies' outfitters.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.leatherheadlocalhistory.org.uk/miscellany/Leatherhead-High-Street.htm |title= Streets and Roads: Leatherhead High Street |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 30 March 2021 |publisher= Leatherhead Local History |access-date= 2 November 2021 |archive-date= 3 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211103125452/https://www.leatherheadlocalhistory.org.uk/miscellany/Leatherhead-High-Street.htm |url-status= live }}</ref> As part of a renovation project carried out in the mid-1980s, the modern shopfronts were removed and the street-facing frontage was restored to its original position.<ref name=Blair_1987/><ref name=NHLE_Cradlers/>

===Leatherhead Institute===
[[File:Leatherhead Institute (uk geograph 6328060).jpg|thumb|right|Leatherhead Institute]]
The Leatherhead Institute was built in 1892. It was given to the town by Abraham Dixon,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://leatherheadinstitute.uk/history/ |title= History |author= <!--Not stated--> |publisher= Leatherhead Institute |access-date= 15 February 2021 |archive-date= 16 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210216200341/https://leatherheadinstitute.uk/history/ |url-status= live }}</ref> who wanted the building to be used to provide educational, social and recreational opportunities to local residents.<ref name=Vardey_1988_pp155-156/> During the Second World War, it housed the local Food and Fuel Offices.<ref name=Vardey_1988_pp244-249>{{harvnb|Vardey|1988|pp=244–249}}</ref> A major restoration project was completed in 1987.<ref name=Vardey_1988_p268>{{harvnb|Vardey|1988|p=268}}</ref>

===Running Horse pub===
[[File:The Running Horse Pub, Leatherhead - Surrey.jpg|thumb|The Running Horse]]
[[The Running Horse]] pub, at the east end of Leatherhead Bridge, is one of the oldest buildings in the town. It is a late-medieval open hall house and was part of the Manor of Thorncroft. Much of the timber frame is original and probably dates from the late 15th century, although the roof was later rebuilt. Later alterations include the insertion of the first floor in the 17th century and installation of interior panelling in the 18th century.<ref name=Blair_Running_Horse>{{cite journal |last1= Blair |first1= WJ |year= 1976 |title= The Running Horse |url= https://leatherheadhistoryarchive.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/VOL_3_NO_10_1976.pdf |journal= Proceedings of the Leatherhead & District Local History Society |volume= 3 |issue= 10 |pages= 347–351 |access-date= 31 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1293800|desc=The Running Horse public House|grade=II*|fewer-links=yes|access-date= 31 January 2021}}</ref>

===Sweech House===
The timber-framed Sweech House, on Gravel Hill, is one of the oldest buildings in Leatherhead. Its name is thought to derive from "switch", indicating that it stood close to a road junction.<ref name=Sweech_Potted>{{cite web |url= https://www.leatherheadlocalhistory.org.uk/miscellany/potted-history-22.pdf |title= Sweech House & Gravel Hill, Leatherhead |last= Powell |first= Goff |publisher= Leatherhead & District Local History Society |access-date= 3 November 2021 |archive-date= 3 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211103125440/https://www.leatherheadlocalhistory.org.uk/miscellany/potted-history-22.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> The land on which it stands may have belonged to the manor of Minchin during the late-medieval period. The southernmost part of the building is the oldest and dates from the 15th century. It was probably constructed as a farmhouse and originally it had an open hall structure.<ref name=NHLE_Sweech>{{NHLE|num=1028622|desc=Sweech House|grade=II|fewer-links=yes|access-date= 3 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=Harvey_1971>{{cite journal |last1= Harvey |first1= John H. |year= 1971 |title= Sweech House (Nos 2, 4 and 6) Gravel Hill, Leatherhead |url= https://leatherheadhistoryarchive.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/VOL_3_NO_5_1971.pdf |journal= Proceedings of the Leatherhead & District Local History Society |volume= 3 |issue= 5 |pages= 146–153 |access-date= 3 November 2021 }}</ref> In the late 16th century, it was extended to the north in two separate phases.<ref name=NHLE_Sweech/> At different points in its history, the building has been divided into up to four cottages, most likely to provide accommodation for farm labourers. Sweech House was donated to the Leatherhead Countryside Protection Society in the 1940s.<ref name=Harvey_1971/>

===The Mansion===
[[File:The Mansion, Leatherhead (uk geograph 2438831).jpg|thumb|right|The Mansion]]
The Mansion, in Church Street, houses the [[public library]], [[register office (United Kingdom)|register office]] and council offices.<ref name=Potted_Mansion>{{cite web |url= https://www.leatherheadlocalhistory.org.uk/miscellany/potted-history-7.pdf |title= The Mansion, Leatherhead |last= Powell |first= Goff |publisher= Leatherhead & District Local History Society |access-date= 3 November 2021 |archive-date= 3 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211103125440/https://www.leatherheadlocalhistory.org.uk/miscellany/potted-history-7.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=Mansion_NHLE>{{NHLE|num=1028620|desc=The Manison|access-date=15 February 2019|grade=II|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>  A map of the town from 1600 shows a house on the site, which may formerly have been the manor house for the manor of Minchin.<ref name=Benger_1953_Mansion/>{{#tag:ref|It has been suggested that the name "Mansion'" may be a corruption of 'Minchin'.<ref name=Benger_1953_Mansion/>|group= n}} During the late [[Elizabethan era|Elizabethan]] period, it was the home of [[Edmund Tylney]], Master of the Revels, in effect the official censor of the time.<ref name=Potted_Mansion/><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Benger |first1= FB |year= 1951 |title= Edmund Tylney: A Leatherhead worthy |url= https://leatherheadhistoryarchive.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/VOL_1_NO_5_1951.pdf |journal= Proceedings of the Leatherhead & District Local History Society |volume= 1 |issue= 5 |pages=16–21 |access-date= 1 February 2021 }}</ref> and [[Elizabeth I]] is thought to have dined with him in Leatherhead in August 1591.<ref name=Potted_Mansion/>{{#tag:ref|The [[Wetherspoons]] pub on Leatherhead [[High Street]] is named after Edmund Tylney.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/pubs/all-pubs/england/surrey/the-edmund-tylney-leatherhead |title= The Edmund Tylney |author= <!--Not stated--> |year= 2021 |publisher= JD Wetherspoon plc |access-date= 7 February 2021 |archive-date= 25 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201125021337/https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/pubs/all-pubs/england/surrey/the-edmund-tylney-leatherhead |url-status= live }}</ref>|group= n}}

The external appearance of The Mansion largely dates from 1739, when the house was rebuilt in red brick, although a partial remodelling took place {{circa|1810}}.<ref name=Mansion_NHLE/> From 1846 until some point in the 1870s, the building was used as a boarding and day school for around 50 boys, who were taught using the [[Joseph Jacotot|Jacotot education system]]. In 1949, The Mansion was subject to a compulsory purchase order and was acquired by Surrey County Council and Leatherhead UDC for use as a health clinic and the public library.<ref name=Potted_Mansion/> During a refurbishment in 2000, the library was moved from the ground floor to the south range and the space released was repurposed for the Registry Office.<ref name=Potted_Mansion/><ref name=Mansion_NHLE/>

===Thorncroft Manor house===
The current Thorncroft Manor house was designed {{circa|1763}} by the architect, [[Robert Taylor (architect)|Robert Taylor]], for the politician and businessman, [[Henry Crabb-Boulton]]. It is built in a [[Palladian architecture#Neo-Palladianism|Neo-Palladian]] style, influenced by the [[Renaissance architecture|early Rennaissence]], with light [[Rococo]] ornamentation. The building was enlarged with the addition of a rear wing in 1789, possibly designed by George Gwilt. The engineering firm, Howard Humphreys & Sons, purchased the house in 1971 and subsequently constructed additional office space, glazed with reflective glass.<ref name=Garnier_2008/><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Blair |first1= WJ |year= 1976 |title= Pen sketches of old houses in this district |url= https://leatherheadhistoryarchive.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/VOL_1_NO_6_1952.pdf|journal= Proceedings of the Leatherhead & District Local History Society |volume= 1 |issue= 6 |pages= 19–23 |access-date= 2 November 2021 }}</ref>

===War memorial===
[[File:War Memorial, Leatherhead, Surrey - geograph.org.uk - 1394110.jpg|thumb|right|Leatherhead War Memorial]]
The war memorial in North Street was designed by Stock, Page and Stock, a London firm of architects and was dedicated in April 1921.<ref name=ImpWarMus>{{cite web |url= https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/23398 |title= Leatherhead Garden of Remembrance |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= March 2019 |publisher= Imperial War Museum |access-date= 16 February 2021}}</ref> It consists of a long, [[storey|single-storey]] building with 11 open arches, constructed of brick and [[flint]]. The arches face a terraced garden, in which there is a free-standing cross made of Portland stone.<ref name=NHLE_WarMemorial>{{NHLE|num=1028627|desc=War Memorial|grade=II|fewer-links=yes|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> The land on which the memorial stands was given to the town by Charles Leach, who funded much of the building work and whose son had been a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[History of the Scots Guards (1914–1945)|Scots Guards]]. In total, 186 names are inscribed on stone tablets inside the cloister-like structure, of whom 117 died in the First World War.<ref name=ImpWarMus/> The memorial is protected by a Grade II listing.<ref name=NHLE_WarMemorial/>

===Wesley House===
The [[Art Deco]] [[Wesley House, Leatherhead|Wesley House]], on Bull Hill, was built in 1935 as the offices of the Leatherhead Urban District Council (UDC).<ref name=NHLE_Wesley>{{NHLE|num=1113328|desc=Wesley House, with steps and walls to front|grade=II|fewer-links=yes|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|From 1922 until the opening of Wesley House in 1935, the Leatherhead UDC offices were in Surrey House, Church Street.<ref>{{harvnb|Hennegan|Powell|2011|p=58}}</ref>|group=n}} It was designed by the architects C. H. Rose and H. R. Gardner and was constructed of red brick. The original [[debate chamber|council chamber]] is preserved at the rear of the property.<ref name=NHLE_Wesley/> Wesley House was vacated by the UDC in 1983, when it became part of Mole Valley District Council.<ref name=Vardey_1988_pp296-299>{{harvnb|Vardey|1988|pp=296–299}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Heath|2012|p=33}}</ref>