Editing Granada (section)

====Albayzín====
{{Main|Albaicín}}
[[File:Granada-Day2-19_(48004333411).jpg|thumb|250px|The view of the Albaicín from the Alhambra]]
The historic neighbourhood, located on the hillsides north of the Alhambra, still retains much of its medieval street plan dating back to the Nasrid period, although it has undergone physical and demographic changes since then.{{Sfn|Rodgers|Cavendish|2021|p=4}} Archeological evidence indicates that Iberians inhabited the main hill of the present-day Albaicin towards the 7th century{{nbsp}}BC and that a significant town was located here during the Roman period.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last= |title=Historia breve ⋆ Agencia Albaicín |url=https://www.albaicin-granada.com/historia-breve/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Agencia Albaicín |language=es-ES |archive-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606201138/https://www.albaicin-granada.com/historia-breve/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Sfn|Rodgers|Cavendish|2021|pp=6–10}} During the early Islamic period, up to the 10th century, the location hosted only the small settlement of ''Gharnāṭa'' (Granada), until in the 11th century the creation of the Zirid Taifa kingdom transformed the location into one of the most important cities in Al-Andalus.{{Sfn|Rodgers|Cavendish|2021|pp=6–10}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10" /> During this period, the city's main citadel and palace, the ''al-Qaṣaba al-Qadīma'' ("Old Citadel"), was located on the top of this hill.<ref name=":05222" /><ref name=":24" /> During the Nasrid period, the citadel was moved to the Alhambra and the old district became known as {{transliteration|ar|al-Bayyāzīn}} ({{langx|ar|ٱلْبَيّازِينْ}}), from which its present name derives.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=277}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fromherz |first=Allen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBhREAAAQBAJ |title=A Companion to Islamic Granada |publisher=Brill |year=2021 |isbn=978-90-04-42581-1 |editor-last=Boloix-Gallardo |editor-first=Bárbara |pages=113 |language=en |chapter=The Berber Empires in Granada (6th–7th/12th–13th Centuries). Revolution or Continuity? }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dickie |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d_1TEAAAQBAJ&dq=albaicin+falconer&pg=PA100 |title=The Legacy of Muslim Spain |publisher=Brill |year=2021 |isbn=978-90-04-50259-8 |editor-last=Jayyusi |editor-first=Salma Khadra |pages=100 |language=en |chapter=Granada: A Case Study of Arab Urbanism in Muslim Spain }}</ref> Among the various Nasrid-period houses and other structures, one notable establishment was the Maristan, a type of historic hospital ([[bimaristan]]) which also took care of the mentally ill.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Perez |first1=Jesus |last2=Girón-Irueste |first2=Fernando |last3=Gurpegui |first3=Manuel |last4=Baldessarini |first4=Ross |last5=de Leon |first5=Jose |date=2013 |title=The Lions of Granada Maristan |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=152–153 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12081066 |pmid=23377635 }}</ref>

Through the course of the 16th century, after the surrender of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs in 1492, the district underwent some of the some changes that occurred throughout the city. Mosques were replaced with new parish churches, particularly after 1501.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=7 June 2021 |title=Iglesia de San Cristóbal ⋆ Agencia Albaicín |url=https://www.albaicin-granada.com/iglesia-de-san-cristobal/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Agencia Albaicín |language=es-ES }}</ref>{{Sfn|Coleman|2013}} These new churches were often built in a mix of [[Mudéjar art|Mudéjar]] and Renaissance styles, such as the Church of Santa Ana, the Church of San Cristóbal, and the Church of San Miguel Bajo, among others.{{sfn|Coleman|2013|p=70}}<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=7 June 2021 |title=Iglesia de San Cristóbal ⋆ Agencia Albaicín |url=https://www.albaicin-granada.com/iglesia-de-san-cristobal/ |access-date=4 June 2022 |website=Agencia Albaicín |language=es-ES |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604182354/https://www.albaicin-granada.com/iglesia-de-san-cristobal/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=7 June 2021 |title=Iglesia de San Miguel Bajo ⋆ Agencia Albaicín |url=https://www.albaicin-granada.com/iglesia-de-san-miguel-bajo/ |access-date=4 June 2022 |website=Agencia Albaicín |language=es-ES |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604182403/https://www.albaicin-granada.com/iglesia-de-san-miguel-bajo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some, like the churches of [[Church of San Salvador (Granada)|San Salvador]], San José, and San Juan de los Reyes, preserve parts of former mosques.<ref name=":052232">{{Cite book |last=Bush |first=Olga |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three |publisher=Brill |year=2013 |isbn=9789004161658 |editor-last=Fleet |editor-first=Kate |location= |pages= |chapter=Granada art and architecture |editor-last2=Krämer |editor-first2=Gudrun |editor-last3=Matringe |editor-first3=Denis |editor-last4=Nawas |editor-first4=John |editor-last5=Rowson |editor-first5=Everett }}</ref><ref name=":24" /> New civic institutions were also built in this area, such as the [[Royal Chancellery of Granada|Royal Chancellery]] (''Real Chancillería''), which overlooks Plaza Nueva, a wide public square expanded during the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=5 June 2021 |title=Real Chancillería y Cárcel Baja ⋆ Agencia Albaicín |url=https://www.albaicin-granada.com/real-chancilleria-y-carcel-baja/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Agencia Albaicín |language=es-ES |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706191101/https://www.albaicin-granada.com/real-chancilleria-y-carcel-baja/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the 16th century most of the city's ''morisco'' population was concentrated in the Albaicín, but after the 1568 rebellion and their subsequent expulsion, the district was depopulated.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Orihuela |first=Antonio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Pb1lzB_Y4YC |title=Revisiting Al-Andalus: Perspectives on the Material Culture of Islamic Iberia and Beyond |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-16227-3 |editor-last=Anderson |editor-first=Glaire D. |language=en |chapter=The Andalusi House in Granada (Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries) |editor-last2=Rosser-Owen |editor-first2=Mariam }}</ref><ref name=":11" /> As a result, many of the remaining Christian residents expanded their residences to form ''carmen''s, traditional semi-rural houses with gardens or orchards, many examples of which survive today. Some of these houses and mansions, such as Casa de Zafra and the Dar al-Horra, date back to the Nasrid period.<ref name=":02"/> In 1994 the UNESCO World Heritage Site encompassing the Alhambra was extended to incorporate the Albaicín as well.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |url=http://www.legadoandalusi.es/legado/contenido/rutas/monumentos/1532.htm |title=The Al-Andalus legacy – The Albaicín (History) |publisher=Legadoandalusi.es |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-date=3 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503175942/http://www.legadoandalusi.es/legado/contenido/rutas/monumentos/1532.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="UNESCO" /> In addition to its historic houses and mansions, churches, and the Royal Chancellery, the district also preserves sections of the 11th-century Zirid city walls (part of the former Zirid citadel), the 14th-century Nasrid walls, the Bañuelo (a former Islamic-era bathhouse), and numerous cisterns from the Islamic period that were part of a water supply system providing water to most of the city's houses.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":052232" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.granada-in.com/itinerario/itinerario.html |title=Educational tours -culturals for the Albayzín |publisher=Granada-in.com |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181834/http://www.granada-in.com/itinerario/itinerario.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>