Editing Cognitive behavioral therapy (section)

===Philosophical concerns with CBT methods===
The methods employed in CBT research have not been the only criticisms; some individuals have called its theory and therapy into question.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Fancher RT | date = 1995 | title = Cultures of healing: Correcting the image of American mental health care | page = 231 | location = New York | publisher = W. H. Freeman and Company }}</ref>

Slife and Williams write that one of the hidden assumptions in CBT is that of [[determinism]], or the absence of [[free will]]. They argue that CBT holds that external stimuli from the environment enter the mind, causing different thoughts that cause emotional states: nowhere in CBT theory is agency, or free will, accounted for.<ref name="Slife" />

Another criticism of CBT theory, especially as applied to major depressive disorder (MDD), is that it confounds the symptoms of the disorder with its causes.<ref name="psychiatrictimes.com">{{cite web |date=30 July 2013 |title=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Escape From the Binds of Tight Methodology |url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-escape-binds-tight-methodology |publisher=Psychiatric Times |vauthors=Berger D}}</ref>