Editing Pittsburgh (section)

==Health care==
{{See also|List of hospitals in Pittsburgh}}
{{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | total_width = 230
 | image1 = UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 2015-10-10, 02 (21937406609).jpg
 | caption1 = [[UPMC Presbyterian]]
 | image2 = Allegheny General Hospital 2017.jpg
 | caption2 = [[Allegheny General Hospital]]
}}

The two largest area health care providers are the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]] (UPMC) (since 1893) and [[Allegheny Health Network]] (since 1882). 

The first military hospital in U.S. history and the first west of the Atlantic Plain—General Edward Hand Hospital—served the area from 1777 to 1845.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KAA3d0rsCy4C&q=edward+hand+hospital+1777&pg=PA13 |title=Ingram|access-date=June 11, 2015 |isbn=9780738549934 |last1=Society |first1=Ingram Historical |date=August 1, 2007|publisher=Arcadia }}</ref> Since 1847, Pittsburgh has hosted the world's first "Mercy Hospital".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upmc.com/HospitalsFacilities/Hospitals/Mercy/about/Pages/mission-and-history.aspx |title=UPMC Hospitals|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223134412/http://www.upmc.com/HospitalsFacilities/Hospitals/Mercy/about/Pages/mission-and-history.aspx|archive-date=February 23, 2012|url-status=dead }}</ref> This was followed by West Penn hospital in 1848, Passavant Hospital in 1849,<ref name="chronology"/> the [[University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine]] in 1883, Children's Hospital in 1887, and [[Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC|Magee Womens Hospital]] in 1911. In 1954, Allegheny General (AGH) was among the first to administer [[Cobalt therapy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZHxIAAAAIBAJ&pg=3198%2C5600650 |title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette – Google News Archive Search|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

In 1980, UPMC announced a $250&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|250000000|1979|r=1}}}} today) expansion and also hired transplant pioneer [[Thomas Starzl]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/newslinks/timeline1961.asp |title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette – News Links |website=Post-gazette.com |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> In 1984, Allegheny General surgeons pioneered modern brain surgery. Starzl arranged the 1985 liver transplant of 5-year-old Amie Garrison as a UPMC surgery team flew to [[Baylor University]], starting its transplant program.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XeIhAAAAIBAJ&dq=stormie%20jones&pg=4652%2C335840 |title=The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> Also in 1985, UPMC surgeons Drs. Griffith, Hardesty, and Trento revealed a new device after a heart-lung transplant. In 1986, UPMC announced a $230&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|230000000|1986|r=1}}}} today) modernization. In 1996, UPMC's planned Sicily [[ISMETT]] branch was approved by the Italian government as transplant surgeons to supervise and deliver the world's third (both earlier ones done at UPMC)--and first public—cross species marrow transplant at [[University of California, San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/15/us/man-gets-baboon-marrow-in-risky-aids-treatment.html |title=Man Gets Baboon Marrow in Risky AIDS Treatment |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 15, 1995 |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> UPMC's Thomas Detre founded the [[International Society for Bipolar Disorders]] at a world medical conference in Pittsburgh in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isbd.org/edcenter/aboutisbd.asp |title=About ISBD |access-date=February 5, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722185336/http://www.isbd.org/edcenter/aboutisbd.asp |archive-date=July 22, 2012}}</ref>

The $80&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|80000000|2000|r=1}}}} today) [[UPMC Sports Performance Complex]] for the [[Pittsburgh Panthers]] & [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] opened in 2000. In 2002, AGH opened its $30&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|30000000|2001|r=1}}}} today), 5-floor, 100,000 sq. ft., cancer center. The $130&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|130000000|2002|r=1}}}} today) 350,000 sq. ft. [[Hillman Cancer Center]] opened in 2003 as UPMC entered into an 8-year, $420&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|420000000|2004|r=1}}}} today) agreement with [[IBM]] to upgrade medical technologies & health information systems.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

In 2009, the $600&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|600000000|2008|r=1}}}} today) [[UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh]] opened. The campus was featured in world news in 2012 for several unique approaches to patient care.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/superhero-window-washers-19325809 |title=Superhero Window Washers Video |website=Abcnews.go.com |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> UPMC officially adopted in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]]'s [[UPMC Hamot|Hamot Medical Center]] in 2010. The [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] announced a state of the art training facility with UPMC in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-north/penguins-plan-sports-training-medicine-complex-in-cranberry-642087/?p=0 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |title=Home – Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705071803/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-north/penguins-plan-sports-training-medicine-complex-in-cranberry-642087/?p=0 |archive-date=July 5, 2012}}</ref> UPMC announced in 2013 it had partnered with [[Nazarbayev University]] to help found its medical school.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/education/pitts-medical-school-to-help-nazarbayev-university-in-kazakhstan-develop-its-own-696530/ |title=Pitt's medical school to help Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan develop its own |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Health discoveries===
While he was a professor at the [[University of Pittsburgh]], American virologist [[Jonas Salk]] developed one of the first successful [[polio vaccine]]s, which came into use in 1955.

UPMC has pioneered several world firsts including the first known cystic fibrosis heart-lung transplant (1983), the world's first simultaneous liver and heart transplant operation on a child (6-year-old [[Stormie Jones]] in 1984), the youngest heart-lung transplant (9 years old in 1985), the world's first heart-liver-kidney transplant (1989), the world's first heart-liver transplant on an infant (1997),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LLJRAAAAIBAJ&dq=pittsburgh%20transplant&pg=3655%2C5222896 |title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> the first pediatric heart-double lung-liver transplant (1998), the nation's first double hand transplant (2009), and the first total forearm and hand transplant (2010), as well as the state's first heart transplant (1968).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LctdAAAAIBAJ&dq=heart%20bahnson&pg=2713%2C619393 |title=Observer-Reporter – Google News Archive Search|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clpgh.org/research/pittsburgh/history/pghsts1.html |title=Pittsburgh Firsts: By Event, Pennsylvania Department, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh|access-date=February 5, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112152702/http://www.clpgh.org/research/pittsburgh/history/pghsts1.html|archive-date=January 12, 2016}}</ref>

''[[The Lancet]]'' published a 2012 UPMC study of two 9-year quadriplegics being able to move a robotic arm by thought, to pick up objects, shake hands, and even eat. Wiring the brain around spine damage to restore arm and leg muscle function was successful using robotic arms controlled via an embedded computer to translate signals near a small group of neurons with 200 needles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/health/pitt-team-inserts-computer-chip-in-brain-so-a-persons-thoughts-can-instigate-motion-666707 |title=Pitt team inserts computer chip in brain so a person's thoughts can instigate motion |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=February 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207011641/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/health/pitt-team-inserts-computer-chip-in-brain-so-a-persons-thoughts-can-instigate-motion-666707/|url-status=dead}}</ref>