Editing Pakistan (section)

== Bibliography ==
{{See also|Bibliography of Pakistan}}

===Overview===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ayres|first1=Alyssa|author-link1=Alyssa Ayres|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FddJQi1dQ30C&pg=PA38|title=Speaking Like a State: Language and Nationalism in Pakistan|date=23 July 2009|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=38|isbn=978-0-521-51931-1}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Badian|first1=Ernst|author-link1=Ernst Badian|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/639350|title=Alexander at Peucelaotis|journal=[[The Classical Quarterly]]|volume=37|pages=117–128|number=1|year=1987|jstor=639350|doi=10.1017/S0009838800031712|s2cid=246878679}}
* {{cite book|last1=Baqir|first1=Fayyaz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwtpDwAAQBAJ|title=Poverty Alleviation and Poverty of Aid: Pakistan|date=6 August 2018|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=|isbn=978-0-429-87153-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Bhandari|first=Medani P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_iGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT241|title=Getting the Climate Science Facts Right: The Role of the IPCC|date=September 2022|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=River Publishers|isbn=978-1-000-79720-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|title=India, 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw1uAAAAMAAJ|series=Seminar Studies in History|year=2001|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-0-582-38173-5}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Cornwall|editor-first1=Andrea|editor-last2=Edwards|editor-first2=Jenny|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JOViDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT176|title=Feminisms, Empowerment and Development: Changing Womens Lives|date=13 March 2014|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-78032-586-6}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last1=Eberhard|editor-first1=David M.|editor-last2=Simons|editor-first2=Gary F.|editor-last3=Fennig|editor-first3=Charles D.|year=2022|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=25|place=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|chapter=Pakistan|chapter-url=https://ethnologue.com/country/PK|access-date=2 January 2023|archive-date=9 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309065841/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|last=Haleem|first=Safia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AcA-AQAAQBAJ|title=Pakistan – Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture|chapter=1, 7|date=May 2013|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Kuperard|isbn=978-1-85733-678-8}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=564,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Pakistan)|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=22 October 2024|access-date=29 October 2024|ref={{harvid|IMF|2024}}}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pbMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|title=Pakistan: Request for a Stand-by Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Statement; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan|date=18 July 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|page=54|isbn=979-8-4002-4851-1|ref={{harvid|IMF|2023}}}}
* {{cite book|last=James|first=Orpha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2WkEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT14|title=Faith Restored: "A Pakistani Women's Journey from Land of Islam to a Nation Under God' a Christian Perspective|date=22 December 2022|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=WestBow Press|isbn=978-1-6642-8702-0}}
*<!--Joseph-->{{cite book|author=Mathew Joseph C.|title=Understanding Pakistan: Emerging Voices from India|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=2016|page=337|isbn=978-1-351-99725-6|oclc=958566633|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6iUlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA337|ref={{harvid|Joseph|2016}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Metcalf|first1=Barbara D.|last2=Metcalf|first2=Thomas R.|title=A Concise History of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjIfqyY7jlsC&pg=PA221|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|page=221|isbn=978-1-139-45887-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Minahan|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7rOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR19|title=The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 volumes]|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2009|page=141|isbn=978-0-313-34497-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rais|first1=Rasul Bakhsh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXwzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191|title=Imagining Pakistan: Modernism, State, and the Politics of Islamic Revival|date=30 August 2017|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Lexington Books|page=191|isbn=978-1-4985-5396-4}}
* {{cite web |author=SATP |date=2024 |title=Pakistan: Assessment-2024 |url=https://www.satp.org/terrorism-assessment/pakistan |website=South Asian Terrorism Portal |access-date=25 April 2024 }}
* {{cite book|last=Spuler|first=Bertold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2DGzwEACAAJ|title=The Muslim World: a Historical Survey|year=1969|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=E.J. Brill|location=Leiden, Netherlands|isbn=978-90-04-02104-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Talbot|first=Ian|title=A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXsmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA227|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2016|pages=227–240|isbn=978-0-300-21659-2}}
* {{cite web|title=Human Development Insights|url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|year=2025|access-date=12 May 2025|ref={{harvid|UNDP|2025}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Wright|first=Rita P.|title=The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MG2ztAEACAAJ&pg=PA1|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=26 October 2009|pages=1–2|isbn=978-0-521-57219-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Wynbrandt|first=James|title=A Brief History of Pakistan|url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofpa0000wynb|url-access=registration|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8160-6184-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Zia|first1=Nadeem|last2=Burton|first2=Bruce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzTEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA2002|title=Corporate Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Perceptions and Potential Routes Forward|date=24 October 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-077306-4}}
{{refend}}

===Etymology===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last1=Anand|first1=Sugam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRgcAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA178|title=Modern Indian Historiography: From Pillai to Azad
|year=1991|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=MG Publishers|page=178|isbn=978-81-85532-09-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Aziz|first1=Khursheed Kamal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jB5uAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA88|title=Rahmat Ali: A Biography|year=1987|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Vanguard|page=88|isbn=978-3-515-05051-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lahiri|first1=Ashok|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NS6iEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT74|title=India in Search of Glory: Political Calculus and Economy
|date=23 January 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5492-837-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Saqib|first1=Muhammad Amjad|last2=Malik|first2=Aneeqa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mEBvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT100|title=Integral Finance – Akhuwat: A Case Study of the Solidarity Economy|date=21 September 2018|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-72767-9}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tummala|first1=Krishna K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSQZj1_FrosC&pg=PA42|title=Public Administration in India|year=1996|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Allied Publishers (P) Limited|page=42|isbn=978-81-7023-590-3}}
{{refend}}

===History===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last1=Abraham|first1=Taisha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cm4PBNdaFjYC&pg=PA131|title=Women and the Politics of Violence|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=2002|isbn=978-81-241-0847-5|page=131}}
* {{cite web|last1=Afzal|first1=Madiha|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/pakistans-surprising-and-marred-2024-election-and-what-comes-next/|title=Pakistan's surprising and marred 2024 election, and what comes next|date=29 February 2024|website=[[Brookings Institution]]|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Agha|first1=Karrar Ali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbNrzgEACAAJ|title=Fall of East Pakistan: The Forgotten War: Forgotten Yet Never Forgiven|date=8 May 2021|publisher=[[Amazon Digital Services LLC]] – KDP Print US|isbn=978-969-23257-0-7|access-date=16 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Samir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qyHcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT66|title=Track Two Diplomacy Between India and Pakistan: Peace Negotiations and Initiatives|date=23 November 2023|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-99914-3|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ahmed|first1=Akbar S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGdiqF6V8wYC&pg=PA136|title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin|publisher=Psychology Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-415-14966-2|page=136|access-date=13 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ahmed|first1=Mukhtar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qLTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume I: The Stone Age|date=29 May 2014|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|page=113|isbn=978-1-4954-9047-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Akbar|first1=M. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaohEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT55|title=India: The Siege Within|date=8 February 2018|publisher=[[Roli Books]]|isbn=978-81-936009-7-9|access-date=26 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Akbarzadeh|editor-first1=Shahram| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bpoMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT378|title=Routledge Handbook of Political Islam|date=29 December 2020|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-0-429-75717-4|access-date=8 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Allchin |first1=Bridget |last2=Allchin |first2=Raymond |author-link1=Bridget Allchin|author-link2=Raymond Allchin|title=The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&pg=PA131|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1982 |page=131|isbn=978-0-521-28550-6}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Allchin|editor-first1=Bridget|editor-last2=Petraglia|editor-first2=Michael D.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm9GfjNlnRwC&pg=PA5|title=The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics|date=22 May 2007|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Springer Netherlands|page=5|isbn=978-1-4020-5562-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Banerjee|first1=Kanchan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Em17EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT69|title=The Crash Of A Civilization|date=20 May 2022|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-93-5521-240-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Basrur|first1=Rajesh M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqAGKpOe9xMC&pg=PA36|title=South Asia's Cold War: Nuclear Weapons and Conflict in Comparative Perspective|publisher=Routledge|year=2008 |isbn=978-1-134-16531-5|page=36|access-date=9 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Basu|first1=Dipak|last2=Miroshnik|first2=Victoria| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhUwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA158|title=India as an Organization: Volume One: A Strategic Risk Analysis of Ideals, Heritage and Vision · Volume 1|date=16 August 2017|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|page=158|isbn=978-3-319-53371-1|access-date=7 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Basu|first1=Dipak|last2=Miroshnik|first2=Victoria W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1mjEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125|title=How Pakistan Was Formed: The Economic Rationale for Partition|date=9 January 2023|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|page=125|isbn=978-1-6669-1745-1|access-date=7 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Beachler|first1=Donald W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gStdAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT31|title=The Genocide Debate: Politicians, Academics, and Victims|date=14 August 2011|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|page=16|isbn=978-0-230-33763-3|access-date=16 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Behrendt|first1=Kurt A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ3eCZVlT48C|title=The Art of Gandhara in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=2007|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=[[New York City]]|pages=4–5, 91|isbn=978-1-58839-224-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bhaumik|first1=Subir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iftjFki3fhYC&pg=PA6|title=Insurgent Crossfire: North-East India|publisher=Lancer Publishers|access-date=12 May 2024|year=1996|isbn=978-1-897829-12-7|page=6}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Bose|first1=Sarmila|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4417267|title=Anatomy of Violence: Analysis of Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=40|issue=41|pages=4463–4471|year=2005|jstor=4417267|issn=2349-8846}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Brass|first1=Paul R.|author-link=Paul Brass|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/brass/Partition.pdf|title=The partition of India and retributive genocide in the Punjab, 1946–47: means, methods, and purposes|year=2003|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|pages=81–82|journal=[[Journal of Genocide Research]]|volume=5|number=1|doi=10.1080/14623520305657|access-date=16 August 2014|archive-date=14 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414153300/http://faculty.washington.edu/brass/Partition.pdf|url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Burnett|editor-first1=M. Troy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=METPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA566|title=Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements Around the World [2 Volumes]|date=4 August 2020|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|page=566|isbn=978-1-4408-5000-4|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Burrison|first1=John A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QtgyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110|title=Global Clay: Themes in World Ceramic Traditions|date=16 June 2017|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|page=110|isbn=978-0-253-03189-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Busch|first1=Nathan E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZsfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA184|title=No End in Sight: The Continuing Menace of Nuclear Proliferation|date=17 October 2014|publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]]|page=184|isbn=978-0-8131-5662-0|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Butalia|first1=Urvashi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/butalia-silence.html|title=The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of British India|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8223-2494-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&pg=PA4|title=Turko-Persia in historical perspective|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|pages=4–21|year=2002|access-date=30 April 2024|isbn=978-0-521-52291-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Carmichael|first1=A. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7WOjEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT53|title=Ancient India, Rise and Fall: Exploring the Greatest Dynasties and Legacy of Empire in South Asia|date=22 December 2022|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Draft2digital|page=|isbn=979-8-215-06793-2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cavendish|first1=Marshall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j894miuOqc4C|title=World and Its Peoples: Volume 1|date=September 2006|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish Corporation]]|isbn=978-0-7614-7571-2}}
* {{cite book|author1=Central Intelligence Agency|author-link1=Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekGUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT4468|title=The CIA World Factbook 2023-2024|date=20 June 2023|publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-5107-7593-0|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chakma|first1=Bhumitra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oW7fBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT142|title=South Asia's Nuclear Security|date=17 December 2014|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-317-58688-3|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chandra|first1=Anjana Motihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7-IAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|title=India Condensed|date=15 July 2008|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|page=71|isbn=978-981-261-975-4|access-date=7 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&pg=PA365|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part II|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=2005|isbn=978-81-241-1066-9|page=365}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chapman|first1=Graham P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvhKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT239|title=The Geopolitics of South Asia: From Early Empires to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh|date=6 February 2018|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-351-73468-4|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chowdhury|first1=Anis|last2=Mahmud|first2=Wahiduddin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBl8XLiRo3IC&pg=PA72|title=Handbook on the South Asian economies|access-date=27 December 2011|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84376-988-0|pages=72–75}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Stephen Philip|title=The idea of Pakistan|url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofpakistan00cohe|url-access=registration|date=2004|publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]]|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-8157-9761-6|edition=1st pbk.|access-date=8 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Coll|first1=Steve|author-link1=Steve Coll|title=Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001|url=https://archive.org/details/ghostwarssecreth00coll/page/720|url-access=registration|edition=23 February 2004|page=[https://archive.org/details/ghostwarssecreth00coll/page/720 720]|publisher=[[Penguin Press HC]]|isbn=978-1-59420-007-6|year=2004}}
* {{cite book|last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Young |first2=Ruth |author1-link=Robin Coningham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hB5TCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA138|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c. 6500 BCE – 200 CE|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=31 August 2015|page=138|isbn=978-0-521-84697-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Consiglio|first1=Cyprian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0_DCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=Spirit, Soul, Body: Toward an Integral Christian Spirituality|date=7 January 2015|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Liturgical Press|page=27|isbn=978-0-8146-3582-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Hugh C. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0RuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Sikh Wars: The British Army in the Punjab, 1845-1849|year=1975|publisher=L. Cooper|isbn=978-0-85052-164-1|access-date=4 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cooke|first1=Tim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHhmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|title=Human Rights|date=15 July 2017|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC|page=14|isbn=978-1-5026-2824-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Daiya|first1=Kavita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7a-FuiMcTYC&pg=PA75|title=Violent Belongings: Partition, Gender, and National Culture in Postcolonial India|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]|year=2011|isbn=978-1-59213-744-2|page=75}}
* {{cite book|last1=Dales|first1=George|last2=Kenoyer|first2=Jonathan Mark|last3=Alcock|first3=Leslie|title=Excavations at Mohenjo Daro, Pakistan: The Pottery, with an Account of the Pottery from the 1950 Excavations of Sir Mortimer Wheeler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4iew_THp8foC&pg=PA4|page=4|year=1986|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=UPenn Museum of Archaeology|isbn=978-0-934718-52-3}}
* {{cite book|last1=Dandamaev|first1=M. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INr7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA147|title=A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire|date=20 October 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Brill|page=147|isbn=978-90-04-66763-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=D'Costa|first1=Bina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivzKjY5LncIC&pg=PA53|title=Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=978-0-415-56566-0|page=53|access-date=9 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Dede|editor-first1=Kadir|editor-last2=Sadioglu|editor-first2=Ugur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVSiDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA270|title=Comparative Studies and Regionally-Focused Cases Examining Local Governments|date=20 June 2016|publisher=IGI Global|page=270|isbn=978-1-5225-0321-7|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last=Dyson|first=Tim|title=A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|year=2018|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=29|isbn=978-0-19-882905-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Fair|first1=C. Christine|author-link1=C. Christine Fair|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jjaTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|title=Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=78|isbn=978-0-19-989270-9|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Faroqhi|first1=Suraiya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPalDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT18|title=The Ottoman and Mughal Empires Social History in the Early Modern World|date=8 August 2019|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-78831-872-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael H.|title=An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|year=2018|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=33|isbn=978-1-107-11162-2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Fitzpatrick|first1=Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbLddoNkxi4C&pg=PA115|title=Nuclear Black Markets: Pakistan, A.Q. Khan and the Rise of Proliferation Networks : a Net Assessment|year=2007|publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]|pages=115–116|isbn=978-0-86079-201-7|access-date=17 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gayer|first1=Laurent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BklRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42|title=Karachi: Ordered Disorder and the Struggle for the City|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=42|isbn=978-0-19-935444-3|access-date=3 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA276|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 Through 1998|year=1999|publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers|page=276|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|access-date=5 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hajari|first1=Nisid|author-link1=Nisid Hajari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrDqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT351|title=Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition|date=9 June 2015|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]|isbn=978-0-547-66924-3|access-date=18 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hali|first1=Khvajah Altaf Husain|last2=Akhtar|first2=Saleem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hV1DAAAACAAJ|title=Ḥayāt-i jāved|date=1993|publisher=Sang-i Mīl Publications|location=Lāhore|isbn=978-969-35-0186-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hardy|first1=Peter|author-link=Peter Hardy (historian)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDw4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA213|title=The Muslims of British India|date=7 December 1972|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=213|isbn=978-0-521-08488-8|access-date=6 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Harjani|first1=Dayal N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4ZlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT244|title=Sindhi Roots & Rituals - Part 1|date=19 July 2018|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-64249-289-7|access-date=4 May 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Haroon|first1=Sana|year=2008|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27755911|title=The Rise of Deobandi Islam in the North-West Frontier Province and Its Implications in Colonial India and Pakistan 1914–1996|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]|volume=18|issue=1|pages=66–67|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|jstor=27755911|doi=10.1017/S1356186307007778|s2cid=154959326}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hasan|first1=Arif|last2=Raza|first2=Mansoor|author-link1=Arif Hasan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7imPH4KVJUC&pg=PA10|title=Migration and Small Towns in Pakistan|year=2009|publisher=Human Settlements Programme, [[International Institute for Environment and Development]]|pages=10–12|isbn=978-1-84369-734-3|access-date=13 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hasanie|first1=Ali Abbas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DitBIy05_94C&pg=PA1|title=Democracy in Pakistan: Crises, Conflicts and Hope for a Change|date=30 April 2013|publisher=AuthorHouse UK|page=1|isbn=978-1-4817-9113-7|access-date=8 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hiro|first1=Dilip|title=The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PpPCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216|publisher=Nation Books|year=2015|page=216|isbn=978-1-56858-503-1}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Holt|editor-first1=Andrew|editor-last2=Curta|editor-first2=Florin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouTNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1339|title=Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History [3 Volumes]|date=28 November 2016|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=979-8-216-09187-5|access-date=6 May 2024}}
* {{cite news|last1=Hoodbhoy|first1=Pervez|author-link=Pervaiz Hoodbhoy|title=Pakistan's nuclear bayonet|website=[[The Herald (Pakistan)|The Herald]]|date=23 January 2011|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/16/herald-exclusive-pakistans-nuclear-bayonet.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218212415/http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/16/herald-exclusive-pakistans-nuclear-bayonet.html|archive-date=18 February 2011|access-date=9 September 2011}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hoodbhoy|first1=Pervez|author-link=Pervaiz Hoodbhoy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MgSqEAAAQBAJ|title=Pakistan: Origins, Identity and Future|year=2023|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-000-85667-5}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Husain|first1=Ishrat|title=The Role of Politics in Pakistan's Economy|url=https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/news/role-politics-pakistans-economy|journal=[[Journal of International Affairs]]|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|issn=0022-197X|date=25 March 2010|volume=63|issue=1|pages=1–18|jstor=24384169|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Hussain|first1=Adeel|author-link1=|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24730580.2018.1544023|title=Muhammad Iqbal's constitutionalism|journal=Indian Law Review|volume=2|pages=135–158|number=2|issn=2473-0599|date=8 November 2018|doi=10.1080/24730580.2018.1544023|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|access-date=23 May 2024|hdl=1887/79342|hdl-access=free}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Hussain|first1=Rizwan|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0616|year=2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121052313/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0616|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2008|title=Pakistan|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hussain|first1=Shafqat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PfOBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112|title=Remoteness and Modernity: Transformation and Continuity in Northern Pakistan|year=2015|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|page=112|isbn=978-0-300-20555-8|access-date=4 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Isaacs|first1=Harold Robert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Kne87aU7D0C&pg=PA3|title=Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=1975|isbn=978-0-674-44315-0|page=3|access-date=9 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|author-link1=Christophe Jaffrelot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ|title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience|year=2015|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-023518-5|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=James|first1=Gilad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNS_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT9|title=Introduction to Pakistan|date=1980|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Gilad James Mystery School|isbn=978-80-625-7501-8}}
* {{cite thesis|last1=Junejo|first1=Rabela|title=Architectural Encounters at Makli Necropolis (14th–18th Centuries)|date=August 2020|url=https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12625583/index.pdf|pages=iv, 2|department=History of Architecture|degree=[[Doctor of Philosophy]]|publisher=[[Middle East Technical University]]|access-date=30 April 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kapoor|first1=Deepak|author-link1=Deepak Kapoor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlVXtIsXCxYC&pg=PA3|title=Pentagon's South Asia Defence and Strategic Year Book 2009|year=2009|publisher=Pentagon Press|page=3|isbn=978-81-8274-399-1|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kathpalia|first1=Pran Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c_MMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA17|title=Mission with a Difference: The Exploits of 71 Mountain Brigade|year=1986|publisher=Lancer International|page=17|isbn=978-81-7062-069-3}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kazmi|first1=Muhammad Raza|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xBduAAAAMAAJ|title=Liaquat Ali Khan: His Life and Work|year=2003|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-579788-6|access-date=13 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Kennedy|editor-first1=Kerry J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxswEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37|title=Social Studies Education in South and South East Asian Contexts|date=22 July 2021|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-39426-9|access-date=20 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Asghar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irSEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|title=Mainstreaming the Tribal Areas (ex-FATA) of Pakistan Bordering Afghanistan: Challenges and Prospects|date=23 August 2022|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Springer Nature Singapore|pages=114, 119|isbn=978-981-19-1794-3}}
* {{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Feroz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC|title=Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb|date=7 November 2012|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8047-8480-1|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Gohar Ayub|author-link1=Gohar Ayub Khan|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xQduAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA184|title=Glimpses Into the Corridors of Power|date=29 August 2008|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=184|isbn=978-0-19-547354-4|access-date=15 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=M. H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp-QDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|title=Memoir of M. H. Khan: Turbulence in the Indian Subcontinent|date=September 2016|publisher=Mereo Books|page=17|isbn=978-1-86151-569-8|access-date=7 May 2024|ref={{harvid|M. H. Khan|2016}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Khanna|first1=Sushil|title=The Crisis in the Pakistan Economy|url=http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv8n1/pakistan.htm|journal=Revolutionary Democracy|volume=8|issue=1|date=April 2002|access-date=16 November 2011}}
* {{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Naveeda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cevbpt3SQqQC&pg=PA58|title=Muslim Becoming: Aspiration and Skepticism in Pakistan|date=22 May 2012|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|page=58|isbn=978-0-8223-5231-0|access-date=6 May 2024|ref={{harvid|N. Khan|2012}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Khoja-Moolji|first1=Shenila|author-link1=Shenila Khoja-Moolji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXEnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|title=Sovereign Attachments: Masculinity, Muslimness, and Affective Politics in Pakistan|date=15 June 2021|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|page=32|isbn=978-0-520-97439-5|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Koumar|first1=Shaupaun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haSnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT118|title=Naturocracy|date=16 January 2023|publisher=Zorba Books|isbn=978-93-952172-0-0|access-date=15 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Krasno|first1=Jean|last2=LaPides|first2=Sean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VqnIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT303|title=Personality, Political Leadership, and Decision Making: A Global Perspective|date=7 July 2015|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=979-8-216-12791-8|access-date=17 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kubica|first1=Olga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8M-vEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA153|title=Greco-Buddhist Relations in the Hellenistic Far East: Sources and Contexts|date=14 April 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=153|isbn=978-1-000-86852-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYelDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT196|title=A History of India|date=27 May 2016|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-317-24212-3}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Kumarasingham|first1=Harshan|title=The 'Tropical Dominions': The Appeal of Dominion Status in the Decolonisation of India, Pakistan, and Ceylon, vol. 23|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23726109|year=2013|journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|volume=23 |pages=223–245 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/S0080440113000108 |jstor=23726109}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lapidus|first1=Ira M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkJpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA274|title=A History of Islamic Societies|date=13 October 2014|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=274|isbn=978-0-521-73297-0}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Lapierre|editor-first1=Dominique|editor-last2=Collins|editor-first2=Larry|editor-link1=Dominique Lapierre|editor-link2=Larry Collins (writer)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxjdjgEACAAJ|title=Mountbatten and the Partition of India|year=2015|publisher=Wide Canvas|page=57|isbn=978-93-259-8601-5|access-date=13 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Law|first1=Gwillim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA276|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 Through 1998|year=1999|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|page=276|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|access-date=5 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5lH40gT7xvYC&pg=PA70|title=Bangladesh|year=2011|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=70|isbn=978-0-521-71377-1|access-date=15 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=MacDonald|first1=Myra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxgxDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|title=Defeat is an Orphan: How Pakistan Lost the Great South Asian War|year=2017|publisher=[[C. Hurst & Co.]]|page=85|isbn=978-1-84904-858-3|access-date=2 May 2024}}
* {{Cite book|last=Malik|first=Iftikhar Haider|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQTABKAGaVgC|title=Culture and Customs of Pakistan|year=2006|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33126-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Malleson|first1=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wi8gMQAACAAJ|title=The Indian Mutiny Of 1857|date=8 November 2016|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|isbn=978-1-5399-7981-4|access-date=5 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mansbach|first1=Richard W.|last2=Pirro|first2=Ellen B.|last3=Taylor|first3=Kirsten L.|author-link1=Richard W. Mansbach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=644-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT298|title=Introduction to Global Politics|date=10 November 2017|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-315-30181-5|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Markovits|editor-first1=Claude|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AybHBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA350|title=History of Modern India|year=2012|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|page=350|isbn=978-1-316-16517-1 |access-date=8 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Martini|editor-first1=Alice|editor-last2=Ford|editor-first2=Kieran|editor-last3=Jackson|editor-first3=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ge_3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT390|title=Encountering Extremism: Theoretical Issues and Local Challenges|date=18 August 2020|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|isbn=978-1-5261-3663-3|access-date=20 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mazari|first1=Shireen M.|author-link1=Shireen Mazari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OwFvAAAAMAAJ|title=The Kargil Conflict, 1999: Separating Fact from Fiction|year=2003|publisher=[[Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad]]|isbn=978-969-8772-00-0|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=McGrath|first1=Allen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0FuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38|title=The Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-577583-9|page=38}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mohiuddin|first1=Yasmin Niaz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTMy0B9OZjAC|title=Pakistan: A Global Studies Handbook|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1-85109-801-9}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mookerji|first1=Radhakumud|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mjFfqpq7HhkC&pg=PA478|title=Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist|year=1989|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|pages=478–479|isbn=978-81-208-0423-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Mufti |first=Shahan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jb9vDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134|title=The Faithful Scribe: A Story of Islam, Pakistan, Family and War|date=2013|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Other Press|page=124|isbn=978-1-59051-505-1}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Muniapan|first1=Balakrishnan|last2=Shaikh|first2=Junaid M.|url=https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/WREMSD.2007.012130?journalCode=wremsd#|title=Lessons in corporate governance from Kautilya's Arthashastra in ancient India|journal= World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development|date=February 2007|volume=3|issue=1|page=50|doi=10.1504/WREMSD.2007.012130}}
* {{cite book|last1=Needham|first1=Joseph|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=taweAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA24|title=A selection from the writings of Joseph Needham|year=1994|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=McFarland & Company|page=24|isbn=978-0-89950-903-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ninan|first1=M M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3ZvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|title= Brahman: The Discovery of the God of Abraham|date=13 September 2018|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Lulu.com|page=54|isbn=978-0-359-08707-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Oberlies|first1=Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e6zpEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|title=The Religion of the Rigveda|date=12 December 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=OUP Oxford|page=25|isbn=978-0-19-269432-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Oldenburg|first1=Philip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLsuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA226|title=India, Pakistan, and Democracy: Solving the Puzzle of Divergent Paths|date=13 September 2010|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=226|isbn=978-1-136-93930-3|access-date=17 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Oursel|first1=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qvWzgEACAAJ|title=Ancient India and Indian Civilization: Volume I|date=19 December 2015|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Independently Published|isbn=979-8-7737-7381-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pandeya|first1=Visva Mohana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vu2lu-ZI-vQC&pg=PA37|title=Historiography of India's Partition: An Analysis of Imperialist Writings|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|page=37|isbn=978-81-269-0314-6|access-date=7 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Parker|first1=Philip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObbjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|title= World History: From the Ancient World to the Information Age|date=3 October 2017|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=DK|page=75|isbn=978-0-7440-3345-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Parmar|first1=Manish Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hutUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP4|title=Ancient India: A Glimpse of Indias' Glorious Ancient Past|date=10 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=BookRix|isbn=978-3-7438-6452-8}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Paxton|editor-first1=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QunIDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA949|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1986-87|date=22 December 2016|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|page=949|isbn=978-0-230-27115-9|access-date=17 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pirbhai|first1=M. Reza|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEOCeD7ntzUC&pg=PR21|title=Reconsidering Islam in a South Asian Context|year=2009|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=978-90-04-17758-1|access-date=3 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pollitt|first1=Jerome Jordan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vt9JwsNcKzwC&pg=PA285|title=Art in the Hellenistic Age|date=12 June 1986|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=285|isbn=978-0-521-27672-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Quintanilla|first1=Sonya Rhie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtqvCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|title=History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura, Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE|date=15 March 2007|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Brill|page=9|isbn=978-90-474-1930-3}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rahmaan|first1=Anis Ur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diREDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT26|title=Evolution of Town Planning in Pakistan: With a Specific Reference to Punjab Province|date=16 October 2017|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Xlibris US|isbn= 
978-1-5245-8482-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Riggs|first1=Erin P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ1Z0AEACAAJ|title=A Contemporary Archaeology of Post-Displacement Resettlement: Delhi's 1947 Partition Refugee Homescapes|year=2024|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-003-24714-2|access-date=10 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ruhland|first1=Heike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uC_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=Peacebuilding in Pakistan: A Study on the Religious Minorities and Initiatives for Interfaith Harmony|year=2019|publisher=Waxmann Verlag GmbH|page=49|isbn=978-3-8309-9121-2|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rummel|first1=Rudolph J.|author-link1=R. J. Rummel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFDWp7O9_dIC&pg=PA153|title=Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900|year=1998|publisher=[[LIT Verlag]]|page=153|isbn=978-3-8258-4010-5|access-date=16 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rustomji|first1=Behram Sohrab H. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j-wprhxyyPIC|title=Karachi, 1839-1947 (a Short History of the Foundation and Growth of Karachi)|year=1952|publisher=Excelsior Electric Printing Works|access-date=3 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sadasivan|first1=Balaji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=980SAvbmpUkC&pg=PT55|title=The Dancing Girl: A History of Early India|year=2011|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-4311-67-0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Samad|first1=Rafi U.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMEd8Cqh-YQC&pg=PA275|title=The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys|year=2011|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Algora Pib.|page=275|isbn=978-0-87586-860-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sengupta|first1=Hindol|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcT3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|title= Soul and Sword: The Endless Battle Over Political Hinduism|date=December 2023|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|page=53|isbn=978-1-5381-2684-4|access-date=3 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Sharma|editor-first1=Anamika|editor-last2=D'Angelo|editor-first2=James|editor-last3=Giri|editor-first3=Ram Ashish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FRP9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA130|title=Functional Variations in English: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Challenges|date=14 September 2020|publisher=Springer International Publishing|page=130|isbn=978-3-030-52225-4|access-date=3 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sikand|first1=Yoginder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yf5aJi2loLcC&pg=PA5|title=Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-1-134-37825-8|page=5|access-date=9 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Simpson|first1=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&pg=PA102|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|page=102|isbn=978-0-19-153308-2|access-date=2 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Amritjit|last2=Iyer|first2=Nalini|last3=Gairola|first3=Rahul K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmA0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|title=Revisiting India's Partition: New Essays on Memory, Culture, and Politics|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4985-3105-4|page=14}}
* {{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Gurharpal|last2=Shani|first2=Giorgio|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IctVEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|title=Sikh Nationalism|date=25 November 2021|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=75|isbn=978-1-009-21344-8|access-date=23 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stonard|first1=John-Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvAuEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT143|title= Creation: A Fully Illustrated, Panoramic World History of Art from Ancient Civilisation to the Present Day|date=16 October 2017|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4088-7966-5}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Stubbs|first1=John H.|last2=Thomson|first2=Robert G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCQlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA427|title=Architectural Conservation in Asia: National Experiences and Practice|date=10 November 2016|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-40619-8|pages=427}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Sunkara|editor-first1=Bhaskar|editor-last2=Walter|editor-first2=Jonah|editor-last3=Rojas|editor-first3=René|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K9DmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|title=The Good Die Young: The Verdict on Henry Kissinger|date=17 January 2024|publisher=[[Verso Books]]|page=113|isbn=978-1-78873-030-3|access-date=15 May 2024}}
* {{cite news|last1=Tariq|first1=Shrouq|last2=Stenson|first2=Joe|title=Shehbaz Sharif Voted In As Pakistan's Prime Minister For Second Time|newspaper=[[Barron's]]|date=3 March 2024|url=https://www.barrons.com/amp/news/shehbaz-sharif-voted-in-as-pakistan-s-prime-minister-for-second-time-642c3302|access-date=22 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Totten|editor-first1=Samuel|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mfwnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147|title=Teaching about Genocide: Issues, Approaches, and Resources|date=September 2000|publisher=[[Information Age Publishing]]|pages=147–148|isbn=978-1-60752-968-2}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Tucker|editor-first1=Spencer C.|editor-link1=Spencer C. Tucker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OTNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1087|title=U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror [3 Volumes]|date=14 December 2015|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=979-8-216-15822-6|access-date=18 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Spencer C.|authorlink=Spencer C. Tucker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QPHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT241|title=Modern Conflict in the Greater Middle East: A Country-by-Country Guide|date=17 April 2017|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|page=241|isbn=979-8-216-11844-2|access-date=13 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Spencer C.|authorlink=Spencer C. Tucker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZX3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1567|title=The Cold War [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|year=2020|isbn=979-8-216-06249-3|page=1567|access-date=7 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|author1=United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|author-link1=United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeLWpvGZYXYC&pg=PA54|title=U.S. Policy Options in Post-election Pakistan: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Second Session, February 28, 2008 · Volume 4|year=2008|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|page=54|isbn=978-0-16-082307-7|access-date=20 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Visweswaran|editor-first1=Kamala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-EYXNnvMugC&pg=PA125|title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation|date=6 May 2011|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]|page=125|isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Walbridge|first1=Linda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asH5ND-3V8sC&pg=PA177|title=The Christians of Pakistan: The Passion of Bishop John Joseph|date=12 October 2012|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=177|isbn=978-1-136-13186-8|access-date=3 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Waseem|first1=Mohammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IGxvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT253|title=Political Conflict in Pakistan|date=April 2022|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-765426-2|access-date=21 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Westad|first1=Odd Arne|author-link1=Odd Arne Westad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhFZHRpQdu4C&pg=PT343|title=The global Cold War: third world interventions and the making of our times|access-date=22 January 2012|year=2005|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-85364-4|pages=348–358}}
* {{cite book|last1=Westmoreland|first1=Perry L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdbHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT105|title=Life's Wonders|date=9 December 2019|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Dorrance Publishing Company, Incorporated|isbn=978-1-64426-834-6}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Wilson|editor-first1=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XfI-hEI8a9wC&pg=PA93|title=Pakistan: The Struggle Within|year=2009|publisher=[[Longman]]|page=93|isbn=978-81-317-2504-7|access-date=14 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wolpert|first1=Stanley A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OFtAAAAMAAJ|title=Jinnah of Pakistan|year=1984|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-503412-7|access-date=2 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wolpert|first1=Stanley A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJHTif-WA6oC&pg=PA163|title=Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-974504-3|page=163}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Wuthnow|editor-first1=Robert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOVJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA427|title=The Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion: 2-volume Set|date=4 December 2013|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=427|isbn=978-1-136-28493-9|access-date=6 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Yap|editor-first1=Po Jen|editor-last2=Abeyratne|editor-first2=Rehan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YI-rEAAAQBAJ|title=Routledge Handbook of Asian Parliaments|date=24 March 2023|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-85060-4|access-date=7 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Yarbakhsh|first1=Elisabeth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnWqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA270|title=The Middle East and South Asia 2019-2020|date=9 October 2019|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|page=270|isbn=978-1-4758-5217-2|access-date=19 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Zulfiqar|first1=Bushra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zX3N8HYKbkC&pg=PT78|title=A Daughter's Heart: Tribute to My Father|date=December 2011|publisher=[[Author Solutions]]|isbn=978-1-4497-3126-7|access-date=20 May 2024}}
{{refend}}

===Geography===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation|last1=Abul-Soad|first1=Adel Ahmed|title=Date Palm in Pakistan, Current Status and Prospective|year=2011|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnaea333.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807040411/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnaea333.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 August 2015|publisher=[[United States Agency for International Development]]|access-date=27 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Agarwal|editor-first1=Aakash|editor-last2=Ahmad|editor-first2=Alaaeldin Azmi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2doMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT196|title=Early Onset Scoliosis: Guidelines for Management in Resource-Limited Settings|date=27 January 2021|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|isbn=978-1-000-29866-6|access-date=22 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Aijazuddin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA24|title=Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: A Critical Approach|pages=24|year=2009|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1|access-date=13 November 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Akhtar|first1=Rubina|last2=Mirza|first2=Sarwat Naz|url=https://www.jle.com/download/sec-270100-5053-arid_steppes_of_balochistan_pakistan_-g.pdf|title=Arid steppes of Balochistan (Pakistan)|journal=Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse|volume=17|number=1|pages=203–209|issn=1777-5922|date=January–June 2006|publisher=John Libbey|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030041811/https://www.jle.com/download/sec-270100-5053-arid_steppes_of_balochistan_pakistan_-g.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Alisibramulisi|editor-first1=Anizahyati|editor-last2=Che Ibrahim|editor-first2=Che Khairil Izam|editor-last3=Mansor|editor-first3=Hazrina|editor-last4=Billah|editor-first4=Muntasir|editor-last5=Belayutham|editor-first5=Sheila|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrVoEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207|title=Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials: SCESCM 2020|page=207|date=6 April 2022|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]|location=[[Singapore]]|isbn=978-981-16-7924-7|access-date=24 May 2024|ref={{harvid|Alisibramulisi et al.|2022}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Banerjee|first1=Gautam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6c6PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT92|title=China's Great Leap Forward-II: The China Pakistan Economic Corridorand Strategic Reshaping of Indian Neighbourhood|date=2 April 2019|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-940988-43-6|access-date=23 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Blood|first1=Peter R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRMTO7mn7hIC|title=Pakistan: A Country Study|date=December 1996|publisher=DIANE Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-7881-3631-3|access-date=26 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bright|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZNADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA681|title=1001 Natural Wonders You Must See Before You Die|date=24 October 2017|publisher=[[Book Sales]]|page=681|isbn=978-0-7858-3583-7|access-date=26 May 2024}}
*<!--Britannica (Azad Kashmir)-->{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Azad-Kashmir|title=Azad Kashmir|date=13 May 2024|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=25 May 2024|ref={{harvid|Britannica (Azad Kashmir)|2024}}}}
*<!--Britannica (Gulf of Oman)-->{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gulf-of-Oman|title=Gulf of Oman|date=13 April 2024|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=23 May 2024|ref={{harvid|Britannica (Gulf of Oman)|2024}}}}
*<!--CBD Report-->{{citation|title=Pakistan: Fourth National Report|year=2009|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/pk/pk-nr-04-en.pdf|work=[[Government of Pakistan]] ([[Ministry of Environment (Pakistan)|Ministry of Environment]])|publisher=[[Convention on Biological Diversity]]|access-date=2 July 2024|ref={{harvid|CBD Report|2009}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chandrappa|first1=Ramesha W.|last2=Gupta|first2=Sushil|last3=Kulshrestha|first3=Umesh Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1_fg3qnr2sC&pg=PA347|title=Coping with Climate Change: Principles and Asian Context|date=17 June 2011|publisher=[[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]|page=347|isbn=978-3-642-19674-4|access-date=26 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Cheng|editor-first1=Gong|editor-last2=Wang|editor-first2=Sibao|editor-last3=Zhou|editor-first3=Xiao-Nong|editor-last4=Guo|editor-first4=Xiao-kui|editor-last5=Feng|editor-first5=Xinyu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5a-jEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|title=Needs and potential application of one health approach in the control of vector-borne and zoonotic infectious disease|date=23 December 2022|publisher=[[Frontiers Media]]|page=81|isbn=978-2-8325-0956-2|access-date=22 May 2024|ref={{harvid|Cheng et al.|2022}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Descals|first1=Adrià|last2=Wich|first2=Serge|last3=Szantoi|first3=Zoltan|last4=Struebig|first4=Matthew J.|last5=Dennis|first5=Rona|last6=Hatton|first6=Zoe|last7=Ariffin|first7=Thina|last8=Unus|first8=Nabillah|last9=Gaveau|first9=David L. A.|last10=Meijaard|first10=Erik|author-link10=Erik Meijaard|url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/3991/2023/essd-15-3991-2023.pdf|title=High-resolution global map of closed-canopy coconut palm|journal=Earth System Science Data|volume=15|number=9|pages=3991–4010|issn=1866-3516|date=8 September 2023|doi=10.5194/essd-15-3991-2023|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023ESSD...15.3991D|access-date=27 May 2024|ref={{harvid|Descals et al.|2023}}}}
* {{cite web|last1=Descloitres|first1=Jacques|url=https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/images/62558/indus-river-pakistan|title=Indus River, Pakistan|date=26 October 2002|publisher=[[NASA]] Visible Earth|work=MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC|access-date=25 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=DeVivo|editor-first1=Benedetto|editor-last2=Laor|editor-first2=Efraim|editor-last3=Panza|editor-first3=Giuliano|editor-last4=Kossobokov|editor-first4=Vladimir G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecwnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA546|title=Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure: Neodeterministic (NDSHA) Approach Guarantees Prevention Rather Than Cure|pages=546–547|date=21 May 2021|publisher=[[Elsevier Science]]|isbn=978-0-12-823541-6|access-date=25 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=El-Esawi|editor-first1=Mohamed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhT8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|title=Legume Crops: Characterization and Breeding for Improved Food Security|date=11 December 2019|publisher=IntechOpen|page=24|isbn=978-1-83968-086-1|access-date=27 May 2024}}
*<!--Factbook-->{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/|title=Pakistan|date=22 May 2024|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|website=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=23 May 2024|ref={{harvid|Factbook|2024}}}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Faridah-Hanum|editor-first1=I.|editor-last2=Hakeem|editor-first2=Khalid Rehman|editor-last3=Öztürk|editor-first3=Münir|editor-last4=Efe|editor-first4=Recep|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1X1CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA461|title=Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems|pages=461–462|date=5 May 2015|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|isbn=978-3-319-12859-7|access-date=29 May 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Fatima|first1=Naz|date=30 June 2020|title=Some Interesting facts about National Animal of Pakistan|url=https://markhorjournal.com/index.php/mjz/article/view/13|journal=MARKHOR (The Journal of Zoology)|volume=1|issue=1|page=02|doi=10.54393/mjz.v1i1.13|s2cid=246708061|issn=2790-4385|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Flux|editor-first1=John E. C.|editor-last2=Chapman|editor-first2=Joseph A.|editor-link2=Joseph A. Chapman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q994k86i0zYC&pg=PA82|title=Rabbits, Hares and Pikas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|year=1990|publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources]]|page=82|isbn=978-2-8317-0019-9|access-date=31 May 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|display-authors=1|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057|bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G|doi-access=free|ref={{harvid|Grantham et al.|2020}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Grimmett|first1=Richard|last2=Inskipp|first2=Tim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIALEAAAQBAJ|title=Birds of Pakistan|date=7 January 2021|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-4729-9031-0|access-date=29 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Haque|first1=Jameel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKbwqo_xAP8C&pg=PA6|title=Pakistan|year=2002|publisher=[[Gareth Stevens]]|page=6|isbn=978-0-8368-2352-3|access-date=22 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hibbert|first1=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7oYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142|title=Alpamayo to Everest: It's Not about the Summit|date=11 November 2015|publisher=[[Lulu Publishing Services]]|page=142|isbn=978-1-4834-4072-9|access-date=25 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Luke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gz9xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56|title=Carnivores of the World: Second Edition|year=2018|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|page=56|isbn=978-0-691-18295-7|access-date=30 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Jiwani|first1=Azam H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xns-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|title=Humanizing Medicine: Making Health Tangible: Memoirs of Engagement with a Global Development Network|date=19 August 2021|publisher=[[FriesenPress]]|page=54|isbn=978-1-0391-0908-7|access-date=26 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Karaman|first1=Igor V.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVEeXzCJEGYC&pg=PA346|title=Dispute Resolution in the Law of the Sea|year=2012|publisher=[[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]]|page=346|isbn=978-90-04-21202-2|access-date=23 May 2024}}
* {{citation|last1=Kreft|first1=Heinrich|title=The Geopolitical Importance of Pakistan|year=2007|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/47558/Pakistan.pdf|publisher=[[ETH Zurich]]|access-date=24 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lane|first1=Alexander|last2=Norton|first2=Michael|last3=Ryan|first3=Sandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LdssDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT237|title=Water Resources: A New Water Architecture|date=13 July 2017|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]|isbn=978-1-118-79407-4|access-date=26 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Malik|first1=Akhtar Hussain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wDECQAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|title=A Comparative Study of Elite English-Medium Schools, Public Schools, and Islamic Madaris in Contemporary Pakistan|date=12 April 2015|publisher=[[Lulu.com]]|page=12|isbn=978-1-329-05775-3|access-date=22 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Mallon|editor-first1=David P.|editor-last2=Kingswood|editor-first2=Steven Charles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFo03Nd2oj8C&pg=PA124|title=Antelopes: North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia|year=2001|publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]|page=124|isbn=978-2-8317-0594-1|access-date=2 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Mordi|editor-first1=Chima|editor-last2=Adisa|editor-first2=Toyin Ajibade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rP5vEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292|title=HRM in the Global South: A Critical Perspective|date=16 May 2022|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|page=292|isbn=978-3-030-98309-3|access-date=22 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Nyrop|first1=Richard F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5jTh7DA598C&pg=PA74|title=Area Handbook for Pakistan|year=1975|publisher=[[U. S. Government Printing Office]]|page=74|access-date=24 June 2024}}
*<!--PEPA-->{{citation|title=National Environment Report|year=2016|url=https://environment.gov.pk/SiteImage/Publication/SOE2016.pdf|page=18|publisher=[[Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency]] ([[Ministry of Climate Change (Pakistan)|Ministry of Climate Change]])|work=Geomatic Center for Climate Change & Sustainable Development|access-date=28 May 2024|ref={{harvid|PEPA|2016}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Roze|first1=Uldis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtOhh7ILpT0C&pg=PA132|title=Porcupines: The Animal Answer Guide|date=28 September 2012|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|page=132|isbn=978-1-4214-0735-7|access-date=12 June 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Samuel|editor-first1=Paul S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6GmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA129|title=Meteorology and Energy Security: Simulations, Projections, and Management|date=24 February 2016|publisher=Apple Academic Press|page=129|isbn=978-1-77188-387-0|access-date=26 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sandhu|first1=Parvinder Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ki8m5RoE3moC&pg=SL20-PA348|title=Environmental Science and Technology|year=2010|publisher=Research Publishing Services|isbn=978-981-08-5716-5|access-date=28 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=San|editor-first1=Emmanuel Do Linh|editor-last2=Belant|editor-first2=Jerrold L.|editor-last3=Sato|editor-first3=Jun J.|editor-last4=Somers|editor-first4=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NW96EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA263|title=Small Carnivores: Evolution, Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation|page=263|date=25 October 2021|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]|isbn=978-1-118-94328-1|access-date=30 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Somerville|first1=Keith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qcYWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT151|title=Humans and Hyenas: Monster Or Misunderstood|date=18 March 2021|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-36056-1|access-date=23 June 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Spate|first1=O. H. K.|last2=Learmonth|first2=A. T. A.|author-link1=Oskar Spate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-fDgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT466|title=India and Pakistan: A General and Regional Geography|date=7 April 2017|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-351-96898-0|access-date=28 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Srinivasulu|first1=Chelmala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djduDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|title=South Asian Mammals: An Updated Checklist and Their Scientific Names|date=3 September 2018|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|isbn=978-0-429-88089-6|access-date=12 June 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Srinivasulu|editor-first1=Chelmala|editor-last2=Srinivasulu|editor-first2=Bhargavi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEsIul417ewC&pg=PA305|title=South Asian Mammals: Their Diversity, Distribution, and Status|date=19 May 2012|publisher=[[Springer New York]]|page=305|isbn=978-1-4614-3449-8|access-date=31 May 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stoneman|first1=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mx4OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|title=The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks|date=8 June 2021|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|page=26|isbn=978-0-691-21747-5|access-date=11 June 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=Fiona|last2=Sunquist|first2=Mel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZH6aBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA239|title=The Wild Cat Book: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Cats|date=2 October 2014|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|page=239|isbn=978-0-226-78026-9|access-date=5 June 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sunquist|first1=Mel|last2=Sunquist|first2=Fiona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72|title=Wild Cats of the World|date=15 May 2017|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|page=72|isbn=978-0-226-51823-7|access-date=11 June 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tisdell|first1=C. A.|author-link1=Clem Tisdell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxXLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|title=Wild Pigs: Environmental Pest Or Economic Resource?|date=22 October 2013|publisher=[[Elsevier Science]]|page=20|isbn=978-1-4831-8225-4|access-date=12 June 2024}}
* {{cite web|author=UNEP-WCMC|author-link=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|url=https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/east-afghan-montane-conifer-forests/|title=East Afghan Montane Conifer Forests|year=2024|website=[[One Earth]]|access-date=28 May 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Waseem|first1=Muhammad|last2=Khan|first2=Barkatullah|last3=Mahmood|first3=Tariq|last4=Hussain|first4=Hafiz Sajid|last5=Aziz|first5=Rizwana|last6=Akrim|first6=Faraz|last7=Ahmad|first7=Tariq|last8=Nazir|first8=Rabia|last9=Ali|first9=Mirza Wajid|last10=Awan|first10=Muhammad Naeem|title=Occupancy, habitat suitability and habitat preference of endangered indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Potohar Plateau and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation (GECCO)|volume=23|issn=2351-9894|date=September 2020|pages=e01135 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01135|publisher=[[Elsevier B.V.]]|ref={{harvid|Waseem et al.|2020}}|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020GEcoC..2301135W }}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Woods|editor-first1=Charles Arthur|editor-last2=Mufti|editor-first2=Shahzad Ahmad|editor-last3=Hasan|editor-first3=Syed Azhar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ebaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA533|title=Biodiversity of Pakistan|year=1997|publisher=[[Pakistan Museum of Natural History]]|page=533|isbn=978-0-9660913-0-4|access-date=2 July 2024}}
*<!--World Bank-->{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?locations=PK|title=Forest area (% of land area) - Pakistan|year=2024|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|website=[[World Bank]]|access-date=29 May 2024|ref={{harvid|World Bank|2024}}}}
*<!--WWF-->{{cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/indus-river-dolphin|title=Indus River Dolphin|year=2024|website=WWF|access-date=3 July 2024|ref={{harvid|WWF|2024}}}}
{{refend}}

===Government and politics===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last1=Abbas|first1=Hassan|author-link1=Hassan Abbas (scholar)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHKsBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA148|title=Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1-317-46328-3|page=148}}
* {{cite book|last1=Adibelli|first1=Barış|last2=Gülbaş|first2=Elif|last3=Keskin|first3=Ghulam Faroq|last4=Ünlü|first4=Hayati|last5=Türkmen|first5=Hediye Gamze|last6=Şahin|first6=H. Hilal|last7=Ansari|first7=Mohammed Javed|last8=Islam|first8=Nazmul|last9=Aslan|first9=Ömer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhq4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|title= South Asia Country Analyses: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka|date=15 December 2022|publisher=South Asia Strategic Research Center|pages=131–132|isbn=978-605-72072-1-0|access-date=21 July 2024|ref={{harvid|Adibelli et al.|2022}}}}
* {{cite web|last1=Afridi|first1=Jamal|last2=Bajoria|first2=Jayshree|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-pakistan-relations|title=China-Pakistan Relations|date=6 July 2010|work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|access-date=14 August 2024}}
* {{citation|last1=Ahmad|first1=Dawood|last2=Asif|first2=Aizaz|title=A Guide to Understanding the Budget in Pakistan|date=June 2007|url=https://www.pips.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/004.A-Guide_to_Understanding_the_Budget_in_Pakistan_English.pdf|page=12|website=[[Parliament of Pakistan]]|access-date=10 July 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Ahmed|first1=Zahid Shahab|last2=Zahoor|first2=Musharaf|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14662043.2019.1575032|title=Bangladesh-Pakistan relations: hostage to a traumatic past|journal=[[Commonwealth & Comparative Politics]]|volume=57|number=1|pages=31–51|issn=0306-3631|date=17 February 2019|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|doi=10.1080/14662043.2019.1575032|access-date=17 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Anwar|first1=Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0W51yRD0GwC|title=Friends Near Home: Pakistan's Strategic Security Options|page=|date=27 November 2006|publisher=[[AuthorHouse]] UK|location=[[Islamabad]]|isbn=978-1-4670-1541-7|access-date=30 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Arora|editor-first1=Ranjana|editor-last2=Grover|editor-first2=Verinder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofRtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA189|title=Political System in Pakistan: The Islamic state of Pakistan: role of religion in politics|year=1995|publisher=Deep & Deep|pages=189|isbn=978-81-7100-737-0|access-date=24 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|author1=Asia Watch Committee (U.S.)|author-link1=Asia Watch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIUwZ4aVM8AC&pg=PA17|title=Double Jeopardy: Police Abuse of Women in Pakistan|year=1992|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|page=17|isbn=978-1-56432-063-6|access-date=20 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Aziz|first1=Sadaf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-lBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA94|title=The Constitution of Pakistan: A Contextual Analysis|pages=94–95|date=11 January 2018|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-5099-1912-3|access-date=6 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Babayev|editor-first1=Azer|editor-last2=Schoch|editor-first2=Bruno|editor-last3=Spanger|editor-first3=Hans-Joachim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KwiZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA286|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh Deadlock: Insights from Successful Conflict Settlements|date=2 May 2019|publisher=[[Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden]]|page=286|isbn=978-3-658-25199-4|access-date=11 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Bartholomees|editor-first1=J. Boone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FnE4QxrWogC&pg=PA247|title=U.S. Army War College Guide to National Security Issues: National security policy and strategy|year=2008|publisher=[[Strategic Studies Institute]]|page=247|isbn=978-1-58487-357-0 |access-date=1 October 2024}}
* {{citation|last1=Basharat|first1=Iqra|author-link1=|title=Diplomatic Evolution: Pakistan's Transition from Neutrality to Mediation in the Saudi-Iran Rivalry [2015-2023] Section: BSIR-A|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376595410|date=17 December 2023|work=[[International Islamic University]]|access-date=23 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Berg|first1=Eiki|last2=Kursani|first2=Shpend|author-link1=Eiki Berg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gJZOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT101|title=De Facto States and Land-for-Peace Agreements: Territory and Recognition at Odds?|date=21 December 2021|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-51859-7|access-date=9 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Berman|editor-first1=Evan M.|editor-last2=Sabharwal|editor-first2=Meghna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rh03DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA424|title=Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan|date=25 September 2017|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|pages=424|isbn=978-1-351-55266-0|access-date=23 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Bhattacharyya|editor-first1=Rituparna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EunAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT105|title=Genocides and Xenophobia in South Asia and Beyond: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Known, Lesser-known and Unknown Crime of Crimes|date=7 July 2023|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-90434-5|access-date=31 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bloor|first1=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74OzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT291|title=Global Politics|date=9 March 2023|publisher=[[AuthorHouse]] UK|isbn=979-8-8230-8099-6|access-date=4 July 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Bruno|first1=Greg|last2=Bajoria|first2=Jayshree|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-pakistan-military-cooperation|title=U.S-Pakistan Military Cooperation|date=26 June 2008|work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|access-date=4 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Buzan|first1=Barry|year=2004|title=The United States and the great powers: world politics in the twenty-first century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvtS5hKg9jYC&pg=PR8|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Polity (publisher)|Polity]]|isbn=978-0-7456-3374-9|pages=71, 99}}
* {{cite book|last1=Buzan|first1=Barry|last2=Waever|first2=Ole|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3LfkrrNM4QC&pg=PA55|title=Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-89111-0|page=55}}
* {{cite web|author=Center for Preventive Action|url=https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-between-india-and-pakistan|title=Conflict Between India and Pakistan|date=9 April 2024|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|access-date=19 November 2024|ref={{harvid|Center for Preventive Action|2024}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chakma|first1=Bhumitra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTbOO0gVgR0C|title=Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons|date=12 October 2012|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-134-13254-6|access-date=31 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Chakma|editor-first1=Bhumitra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FmmoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA270|title=South Asia in Transition: Democracy, Political Economy and Security|date=25 June 2014|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|page=270|isbn=978-1-137-35664-2|access-date=4 July 2024|ref={{harvid|B. Chakma|2014}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Chengappa|first1=Bidanda M.|url=https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/sa/sa_jan02chb01.html|title=Pakistan: Impact of Islamic Socialism|journal=[[Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|Strategic Analysis]]|volume=26|pages=27–47|number=1|issn=0970-0161|date=January–March 2002|doi=10.1080/09700160208450024|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|access-date=5 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chengappa|first1=Bidanda M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDoMlBd4dYsC&pg=PR2|title=Pakistan, Islamisation, Army and Foreign Policy|pages=42|year=2004|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-548-7}}
*<!--CIA-->{{cite book|author1=United States Central Intelligence Agency|author-link1=Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxISEYzcpZcC|title=India--Pakistan Border Kashmir Area (map)|year=1988|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=27 August 2024|ref={{harvid|CIA|1988}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Clary|first1=Christopher|url=https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/62/5-6/838/194531/Russia-Pakistan-Relations-and-the-Constraints-of|title=Russia–Pakistan Relations and the Constraints of Geoeconomics|journal=[[Asian Survey]]|volume=62|number=5–6|pages=838–865|issn=0004-4687|date=31 October 2022|doi=10.1525/as.2022.1801312|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|access-date=7 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cochrane|first1=Iain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2_FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT37|title=The Causes of the Bangladesh War|date=29 December 2009|publisher=[[Lulu.com]]|isbn=978-1-4452-4043-5|access-date=19 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Stephen P.|author-link1=Stephen P. Cohen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-tob7aEr7AC&pg=PA123|title=The Future of Pakistan|page=123|date=October 2011|publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]]|isbn=978-0-8157-2181-9|access-date=12 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cordesman|first1=Anthony H.|author-link1=Anthony Cordesman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJQ9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA139|title=Western Strategic Interests in Saudi Arabia|pages=139–140|year=1987|publisher=[[Croom Helm]]|isbn=978-81-8069-568-1}}
*<!--CRS-->{{citation|title=Pakistan's Domestic Political Setting|date=2 November 2023|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10359/31|work=[[Congressional Research Service]]|access-date=6 July 2024|ref={{harvid|CRS|2023}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Alexander E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aqy-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|title=The Geopolitics of Melting Mountains: An International Political Ecology of the Himalaya|page=83|date=12 May 2023|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]|location=[[Singapore]]|isbn=978-981-9916-81-8|access-date=27 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=de Coning|editor-first1=Cedric|editor-last2=Aoi|editor-first2=Chiyuki|editor-last3=Karlsrud|editor-first3=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDglDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157|title=UN Peacekeeping Doctrine in a New Era: Adapting to Stabilisation, Protection and New Threats|date=20 February 2017|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|pages=157–158|isbn=978-1-315-39693-4|access-date=29 December 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=DeRouen|editor-first1=Karl R.|editor-last2=Heo|editor-first2=Uk|editor-link2=Uk Heo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6jOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA579|title=Defense and Security: A Compendium of National Armed Forces and Security Policies|year=2005|publisher=[[ABC-Clio]]|pages=579|isbn=978-1-85109-786-9 |access-date=1 October 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Dhulipala|first1=Venkat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PrqLBgAAQBAJ|title=Creating a New Medina: State Power, Islam, and the Quest for Pakistan in Late Colonial North India|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1-316-25838-5|access-date=15 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Diamantides|editor-first1=Marinos|editor-last2=Gearey|editor-first2=Adam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WG-pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196|title=Islam, Law and Identity|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=196–198|date=8 August 2011|isbn=978-1-136-67565-2|access-date=20 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Dorsey|first1=James M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csRlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180|title=China and the Middle East: Venturing Into the Maelstrom|page=180|date=19 July 2018|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|isbn=978-3-319-64355-7|access-date=19 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Dowding|editor-first1=Keith|editor-last2=Dumont|editor-first2=Patrick|editor-link1=Keith Dowding|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UStHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|title=The Selection of Ministers Around the World|date=13 August 2014|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|pages=120|isbn=978-1-317-63445-4|access-date=7 July 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Ejaz|first1=Noor|url=https://rsilpak.org/2022/the-gilgit-baltistan-constitutional-crisis/|title=The Gilgit Baltistan Constitutional Crisis|year=2022|website=Research Society of International Law|access-date=13 July 2024}}
*<!--Embassy of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Malta-->{{cite web|url=https://malta.mid.ru/en/embassy/press-centre/news/press_release_on_the_2022_annual_summit_of_the_shangai_cooperation_organisation/|title=Press Release on the 2022 annual summit of the Shangai Cooperation Organisation|date=19 September 2022|work=Embassy of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Malta|access-date=2 August 2024|ref={{harvid|Embassy of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Malta|2022}}}}
* {{cite news|last1=Endrst|first1=Jeff|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19650908&id=9wwvAAAAIBAJ&pg=7266,2323319&hl=en|title=Kashmir Old Headache For U.N.|date=8 September 1965|work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]]|access-date=31 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Esposito|editor-first1=John L.|author-link1=John Esposito|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA242|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|date=15 May 2003|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=242|isbn=978-0-19-975726-8|access-date=15 July 2024}}
*<!--Establishment Division-->{{citation|title=A Manual on Appointment, Promotion and Transfer|year=2013|url=https://establishment.gov.pk/userfiles1/file/Appoint%2013-02-2019.pdf|work=[[Establishment Division]]|access-date=9 July 2024|ref={{harvid|Establishment Division|2013}}}}
*<!--Establishment Division-->{{citation|title=Civil Service of Pakistan (Composition and Cadre) Rules, 1954|year=2021|url=https://establishment.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/CIVIL%20SERVICE%20OF%20PAKISTAN%20(COMPOSITION%20AND%20CADRE)%20RULES%2C%201954(updated).pdf|work=[[Establishment Division]]|access-date=9 July 2024|ref={{harvid|Establishment Division|2021}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Faruqui|first1=Ahmad|author-link1=Ahmad Faruqui|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCCeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT143|title=Rethinking the National Security of Pakistan: The Price of Strategic Myopia|pages=|date=14 June 2019|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-351-76157-4|access-date=27 March 2025}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Fischer-Tahir|editor-first1=Andrea|editor-last2=Naumann|editor-first2=Matthias|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQZHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79|title=Peripheralization: The Making of Spatial Dependencies and Social Injustice|date=12 January 2013|publisher=[[Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden]]|pages=79|isbn=978-3-531-19018-1|access-date=26 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ganguly|first1=A. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXLOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Kashmir: An Affair of Continued Existence|date=16 May 2019|publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-88161-42-8|access-date=31 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gates|first1=Scott|last2=Roy|first2=Kaushik|author-link1=Scott Gates (academic)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5sSXCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|title=Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency|date=17 February 2016|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=89|isbn=978-1-317-00541-4|access-date=8 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Halladay|editor-first1=Carolyn|editor-last2=Matei|editor-first2=Florina Cristiana|editor-last3=Bruneau|editor-first3=Thomas C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InYIEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|title=The Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations|date=November 2021|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=53|isbn=978-1-000-47155-7|access-date=24 August 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Hamid|first1=Mairaj ul|last2=Aquil|first2=Saira|last3=Mubarakzeb|last4=Khan|first4=Salman|last5=Zaman|first5=Faisal|last6=Hamza|url=https://www.journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/download/16489/10483|title=Pakistan's Foreign Policy: An Abridgement Of Internal And External Determinants|journal=Journal of Positive School Psychology|volume=7|number=4|pages=1089–1098|issn=2717-7564|year=2023|access-date=29 July 2024|ref={{harvid|Hamid et al.|2023}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Haqqani|first1=Husain|author-link1=Husain Haqqani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC|title=Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military|publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment]]|year=2010|isbn=978-0-87003-285-1|access-date=18 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Haqqani|first1=Husain|author-link1=Husain Haqqani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNAiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|title=Magnificent Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of Misunderstanding|pages=20–22|date=5 November 2013|publisher=[[PublicAffairs]]|isbn=978-1-61039-317-1|access-date=20 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=He|first1=Baogang|last2=Breen|first2=Michael G.|last3=Allison-Reumann|first3=Laura|author-link2=Michael Breen (author)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xxO8EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT5|title=Comparative Federalism in Asia: Democracy, Ethnicity and Religion|date=23 June 2023|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-90105-4|access-date=4 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hoekman|first1=Bernard M.|last2=Kostecki|first2=M. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sRNwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA285|title=The Political Economy of the World Trading System: The WTO and Beyond|year=2009|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=285|isbn=978-0-19-955377-8|access-date=4 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Shireen T.|author-link1=Shireen Hunter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rIXDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA144|title=Iran's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New International Order|pages=144|date=20 May 2010|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]]|isbn=978-0-313-38194-2|access-date=22 August 2024}}
* {{citation|last1=Hussain|first1=Faqir|title=The Judicial System of Pakistan|date=May 2015|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/downloads_judgements/all_downloads/Judicial_System_of_Pakistan/thejudicialsystemofPakistan.pdf|page=8|website=[[Supreme Court of Pakistan]]|access-date=6 July 2024|ref={{harvid|F. Hussain|2015}}}}
* {{citation|last1=Hussain|first1=Syed Asif|title=Azad Jammu & Kashmir at a Glance – 2020|year=2020|url=https://pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/AJK%20At%20A%20Glance-2020.pdf|page=3|work=Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, [[Government of Azad Kashmir]]|access-date=26 July 2024}}
*<!--IFES-->{{citation|title=Provincial Assemblies|date=27 March 2013|url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/migrate/the_provincial_assembly.pdf|work=[[International Foundation for Electoral Systems]]|access-date=10 July 2024|ref={{harvid|IFES|2013}}}}
*<!--IISS-->{{cite book|author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tmib20/124/1?nav=tocList|title=The Military Balance 2024|date=13 February 2024|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|pages=16, 158, 218, 301–305|isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |access-date=16 September 2024 |url-access=subscription|ref={{harvid|IISS|2024}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Imam|first1=Syed Kaleem|last2=Fatima|first2=Samza|author-link1=Syed Kaleem Imam|url=http://www.pjcriminology.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/7.-Significance-of-Road-Safety.pdf|title=Significance of Road Safety: Challenges and Prospects|journal=Pakistan Journal of Criminology|volume=13|number=4|pages=92–109|issn=2074-2738|year=2021|publisher=Pakistan Journal of Criminology|access-date=14 May 2025}}
* {{cite book|author1=Inter-Parliamentary Union|author-link1=Inter-Parliamentary Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-TIr3VNUgg4C&pg=RA1-PA122|title=Constitutional and Parliamentary Information: Volumes 93–104|year=1973|publisher=[[Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments]]|page=122|access-date=3 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Iqbal|first1=Khurshid|title=The Right to Development in International Law: The Case of Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Wh8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=10 September 2009|page=189|isbn=978-1-134-01999-1|access-date=20 July 2024}}
* {{citation|last1=Izuyama|first1=Marie|last2=Ogawa|first2=Shinichi|title=The Nuclear Policy of India and Pakistan|date=March 2003|url=https://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/kiyo/pdf/bulletin_e2002_3.pdf|work=National Institute for Defense Studies|location=[[Japan]]|access-date=1 August 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jafri|first1=Mubashar Hasan|last2=Sultana|first2=Summer|last3=Ijaz|first3=Sabir|url=https://www.pjia.com.pk/index.php/pjia/article/download/164/123|title=Muhammad Ali Jinnah's Views on Palestine and Question of Recognizing Israel|journal=Pakistan Journal of International Affairs|volume=4|number=1|pages=727–739|issn=2664-360X|date=29 March 2021|doi=10.58575/pjia.v4i1.164|publisher=Society for Social Sciences & Research Association|location=[[Karachi]], Pakistan|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Jaishankar|editor-first1=K.|editor-link1=Karuppannan Jaishankar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27qmDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA4-PT50|title=Routledge Handbook of South Asian Criminology|date=August 2019|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-30088-8|access-date=27 April 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Jan|first1=Faizullah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0p3LCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|title=The Muslim Extremist Discourse: Constructing Us Versus Them|date=12 November 2015|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|page=30|isbn=978-1-4985-2038-6|access-date=22 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Jha|first1=U. C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ub2rDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT18|title=Pakistan Army: Legislator, Judge and Executioner|date=15 August 2016|publisher=KW Publishers|isbn=978-93-86288-30-1|access-date=13 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Karat|first1=Prakash|author-link1=Prakash Karat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSjq_3EyPtMC&pg=PA10|title=Subordinate Ally: The Nuclear Deal and India-US Strategic Relations|page=10|year=2007|publisher=[[LeftWord Books]]|isbn=978-81-87496-73-1|access-date=7 August 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Kemal|first1=A. R.|author-link1=Abdul Razzaq Kemal|url=https://file.pide.org.pk/pdf/psde20AGM/EXPLORING%20PAKISTANS%20REGIONAL%20ECONOMIC%20COOPERATION%20POTENTIAL.pdf|title=Exploring Pakistan's Regional Economic Cooperation Potential|journal=[[The Pakistan Development Review]]|volume=43|number=4|pages=313–334|jstor=41260693|issn=0030-9729|date=February 2004|doi=10.30541/v43i4Ipp.313-334|publisher=[[Pakistan Institute of Development Economics]]|location=[[Islamabad]]|access-date=4 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kepel|first1=Gilles|author-link1=Gilles Kepel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&pg=PA100|title=Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam|year=2006|pages=100–101|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-84511-257-8|access-date=5 December 2014}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Khan|first1=Zahid Ali|url=https://www.issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/1339999992_58398784.pdf|title=Military operations in FATA and PATA: implications for Pakistan|journal=Strategic Studies|volume=31/32|number=4/1|pages=129–146|jstor=48527641|issn=1029-0990|year=2012|publisher=[[Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad]]|location=[[Islamabad]]|access-date=18 April 2025|ref={{harvid|ZA Khan|2012}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Khurshid|first1=Tooba|url=https://issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/SS_Tooba_Khurshid_No-4_2016.pdf|title=United Nations Security Council Resolutions: Status of the People of Jammu and Kashmir|journal=Strategic Studies|volume=36|number=4|pages=100–122|jstor=48535976|issn=1811-9557|year=2016|publisher=[[Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad]]|access-date=2 September 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kmentt|first1=Alexander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uR0lEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT157|title=The Treaty Prohibiting Nuclear Weapons: How it was Achieved and Why it Matters|date=17 May 2021|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-39348-4|access-date=31 July 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Kronstadt|first1=K. Alan|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47565|title=Pakistan and U.S.-Pakistan Relations|date=22 May 2023|work=[[Congressional Research Service]]|access-date=5 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kudaisya|first1=Gyanesh|last2=Yong|first2=Tan Tai|author-link1=Gyanesh Kudaisya|author-link2=Tan Tai Yong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPOBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|title=The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia|date=March 2004|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=217|isbn=978-1-134-44048-1|access-date=29 August 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Kureshi|first1=Yasser|last2=Waseem|first2=Zoha|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14662043.2024.2397851#d1e338|title=The politics of policing in Pakistan: decentralisation of power in a federalised political landscape|journal=[[Commonwealth & Comparative Politics]]|volume=62|number=3|pages=315–338|issn=1743-9094|date=9 October 2024|doi=10.1080/14662043.2024.2397851|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|access-date=13 May 2025|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite report|last1=Lalwani|first1=Sameer P.|title=A Threshold Alliance: The China-Pakistan Military Relationship|date=March 2023|url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/sr-517_threshold-alliance-china-pakistan-military-relationship.pdf|series=Special Report|issue=517|work=[[United States Institute of Peace]]|access-date=22 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307174924/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/sr-517_threshold-alliance-china-pakistan-military-relationship.pdf|archive-date=7 March 2025}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Lansford|editor-first1=Tom|editor-last2=Muller|editor-first2=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d33MfEFXvW8C&pg=PA1102|title=Political Handbook of the World 2012|date=2 April 2012|publisher=[[Sage Publishing]]|pages=1102|isbn=978-1-60871-995-2|access-date=22 July 2024}}
* {{cite conference|last1=Lintner|first1=Bertil|author-link1=Bertil Lintner|title=Religious Extremism and Nationalism in Bangladesh|url=https://dkiapcss.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/PagesfromReligiousRadicalismandSecurityinSouthAsiach17.pdf|date=19–22 August 2002|page=418|conference=Religion & Security in South Asia – An International Workshop|work=[[Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies]]|location=[[Honolulu]], Hawaii |access-date=19 July 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Lodhi|first1=Maleeha|author-link1=Maleeha Lodhi|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1687884|title=Independent foreign policy?|date=2 May 2022|publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=28 July 2024}}
* {{cite conference|url=https://www.cfr.org/event/president-nixons-trip-china-fifty-years-later|title=President Nixon's Trip to China: Fifty Years Later|last1=Lord|first1=Winston|author-link1=Winston Lord|last2=Mastro|first2=Oriana Skylar|author-link2=Oriana Skylar Mastro|last3=Naftali|first3=Timothy|author-link3=Timothy Naftali|last4=Brinkley|first4=Douglas G.|author-link4=Douglas Brinkley|date=25 February 2022|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|conference=Lessons from History|access-date=16 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mahmood|first1=Shaukat|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_MlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA132|title=The Constitution of Pakistan|year=1965|publisher=Pakistan Law Times Publications|page=132|access-date=7 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mahmood|first1=Sohail|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qo9pYNLQKK8C&pg=PA77|title=Good Governance Reform Agenda in Pakistan: Current Challenges|year=2007|publisher=[[Nova Science Publishers]]|page=77|isbn=978-1-60021-418-9|access-date=9 July 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Maizland|first1=Lindsay|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan|title=Pakistan's Role in the Afghanistan War's Outcome|date=19 January 2023|work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|access-date=27 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mazzetti|first1=Mark|author-link1=Mark Mazzetti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak09_BVX1wMC&pg=PT34|title=The Way of the Knife: The CIA, a Secret Army, and a War at the Ends of the Earth|date=9 April 2013|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-1-101-61794-6|access-date=7 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Flagg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nZeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT63|title=The Audacious Ascetic: What the Bin Laden Tapes Reveal About Al-Qa'ida|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-19-061339-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Munir|first=Muhammad|author-link1=Muhammad Munir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EU-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA78|title=Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Being a Commentary on the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973|date=1975|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Law Publishing Company|page=78}}
* {{cite book|last1=Nasr|first1=Seyyed Vali Reza|author-link1=Vali Nasr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC&pg=PA45|title=Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism|year=1996|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=45–46|isbn=978-0-19-535711-0|access-date=20 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Nee|first1=Patrick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8YoXOzygzYC&pg=PT11|title=Key Facts on Pakistan: Essential Information on Pakistan|date=12 March 2013|publisher=[[CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform]]|isbn=978-1-4827-5470-4|access-date=25 July 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Noor|first1=Sitara|url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2023-10/features/pakistans-evolving-nuclear-doctrine|title=Pakistan's Evolving Nuclear Doctrine|journal=[[Arms Control Today]]|volume=53|pages=26–32|number=8|issn=0196-125X|date=1 October 2023|publisher=[[Arms Control Association]]|access-date=1 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Oberst|first1=Robert C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0tWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT152|title=Government and Politics in South Asia|date=19 April 2018|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-0-429-97484-7|access-date=13 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Oetzel|first1=John G.|last2=Ting-Toomey|first2=Stella|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XutyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA506|title=The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Communication: Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice|date=18 January 2006|publisher=[[SAGE Publishers]]|page=506|isbn=978-1-4522-6163-8|access-date=9 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Oldenburg|editor-first1=Philip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3ekDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48|title=India Briefing, 1991|date=8 April 2019|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-0-429-72264-6|access-date=4 September 2024}}
* {{cite report|last1=Panda|first1=Ankit|title=Pakistan's Approach to Navigating the Saudi-Iranian Split|url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/pakistans-approach-to-navigating_the-saudi-iranian-split.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311213112/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/pakistans-approach-to-navigating_the-saudi-iranian-split.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 March 2019|series=Special Report|issue=439|page=12|date=February 2019|work=[[United States Institute of Peace]]|access-date=22 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pande|first1=Aparna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceg-kSmft94C|title=Explaining Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Escaping India|date=16 March 2011|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-136-81894-3|access-date=31 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pant|first1=Harsh V.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7MXEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31|title=China's Rising Global Profile: The Great Power Tradition|page=31|date=6 October 2011|publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]]|isbn=978-1-83624-059-4|access-date=20 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pasha|first1=Sayed Abdul Muneem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjJuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA225|title=Islam in Pakistan's Foreign Policy|pages=225–226|year=2005|publisher=Global Media Publications|isbn=978-81-88869-15-2|access-date=20 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Paul|first1=T. V.|date=2012|title=International Relations Theory and Regional Transformation|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-107-02021-4|page=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofzH6pFO9iUC&pg=PA11|access-date=3 February 2017}}
*<!--PBS-->{{citation|title=Table 1: Households, Population, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate|year=2023|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Pakistan.pdf|publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=26 July 2024|ref={{harvid|PBS|2023}}}}
* {{cite report|last1=Perito|first1=Robert|last2=Parvez|first2=Tariq|author-link2=Tariq Pervez|title=A Counterterrorism Role for Pakistan's Police Stations|url=https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/usip/0032260/f_0032260_26252.pdf|publisher=[[United States Institute of Peace]]|date=August 2024|series=Special Report|issue=351|isbn=978-1-60127-233-1|page=9|access-date=14 May 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Picone|first1=Louis L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4LPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|title=The President Is Dead!: The Extraordinary Stories of Presidential Deaths, Final Days, Burials, and Beyond|page=10|date=4 February 2020|publisher=[[Skyhorse]]|isbn=978-1-5107-5454-6|access-date=5 August 2024}}
*<!--PRC-->{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2011/07/21/chapter-2-how-muslims-and-westerners-view-each-other/|title=Chapter 2. How Muslims and Westerners View Each Other|date=21 July 2011|work=[[Pew Research Center]]|access-date=22 July 2024|ref={{harvid|PRC|2011}}}}
* {{cite web|last1=Qingyan|first1=Li|url=https://www.ciis.org.cn/english/COMMENTARIES/202109/t20210908_8122.html|title=China–Pakistan "Iron Brotherhood": 70 Years Hand in Hand|date=8 September 2021|work=[[China Institute of International Studies]]|access-date=6 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Rafiq|editor-first1=Adnan|editor-last2=Ahmad|editor-first2=Ishtiaq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzMlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|title=Pakistan's Democratic Transition: Change and Persistence|date=3 November 2016|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|pages=174|isbn=978-1-317-23595-8|access-date=6 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Raghavan|editor-first1=V. R.|editor-link1=V. R. Raghavan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_6pCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|title=Conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir: Impact on Polity, Society and Economy|date=9 May 2012|publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited|page=83|isbn=978-93-82573-33-3|access-date=31 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rajagopalan|first1=Rajesh|year=2011|chapter=Pakistan: regional power, global problem?|editor1=Nadine Godehardt|editor2=Dirk Nabers|title=Regional Orders and Regional Powers|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2WrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA193|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-136-71891-5|pages=193–208}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Raju|editor-first1=Adluri Subramanyam|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y1dBEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA30|title=South Asia and China: Engagement in the Twenty-First Century|date=5 October 2021|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-45953-1|access-date=17 August 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Riedel|first1=Bruce|author-link1=Bruce Riedel|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/pakistans-role-in-the-afghanistan-wars-outcome/|title=Pakistan's Role in the Afghanistan War's Outcome|date=20 May 2010|work=[[Brookings Institution]]|access-date=26 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rimmer|first1=Peter J.|author-link1=Peter J. Rimmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozsIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|title=China's Global Vision and Actions: Reactions to Belt, Road and Beyond|page=61|date=27 November 2020|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-78897-897-2|access-date=18 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rizvi|first1=Hasan Askari|author-link1=Hasan Askari Rizvi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SiHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|title=Pakistan and the Geostrategic Environment: A Study of Foreign Policy|pages=84|date=15 January 1993|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan UK]]|isbn=978-0-230-37984-8|access-date=13 April 2025}}
* {{citation|last1=Rizvi|first1=Hasan Askari|author-link1=Hasan Askari Rizvi|url=https://hostnezt.com/cssfiles/currentaffairs/Pakistan%20Foreign%20Policy%201947%20to%202004.pdf|title=Pakistan's Foreign Policy:An Overview 1947–2004|publisher=[[Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency]]|pages=10–12, 20|date=April 2004|access-date=29 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Jeffery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfZtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA134|title=The Origins of Conflict in Afghanistan|pages=134|date=30 December 2003|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]]|isbn=978-0-275-97878-5|access-date=21 August 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Roos|first1=Dave|url=https://www.history.com/news/nixon-china-visit-cold-war|title=How Nixon's 1972 Visit to China Changed the Balance of Cold War Power|date=22 February 2024|publisher=[[History Channel]]|access-date=14 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Rose|editor-first1=Leo E.|editor-last2=Husain|editor-first2=Noor A.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=V5F1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA209|title=United States-Pakistan Relations|year=1985|publisher=Institute of East Asian Studies, [[University of California]]|pages=209|isbn=978-0-912966-78-6|access-date=24 August 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Rupert|first1=James|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40209132|title=Afghanistan's Slide toward Civil War|journal=[[World Policy Journal]]|volume=6|number=4|pages=759–785|jstor=40209132|issn=0740-2775|date=Fall 1989|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|access-date=30 November 2024}}
* {{cite news|last1=Saeed|first1=Aamir|title=Experts divided over effectiveness of Pakistan's new intelligence coordination committee|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1882716/pakistan|work=[[Arab News]]|date=24 June 2021|access-date=16 May 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Schuurmans|first1=Laura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pki9EAAAQBAJ|title=Azaadi, Freedom and Change in Kashmir|year=2023|publisher=Arena Books|isbn=978-1-914390-10-4|access-date=12 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Schwinghammer|first1=Torsten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT327|title=Warfare Since the Second World War|date=24 April 2018|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-351-28970-2|access-date=13 August 2024}}
*<!--Senate of Pakistan-->{{citation|title=The Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan|date=31 May 2018|url=https://senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/Constitution%20of%20Pakistan%20(25th%20amendment%20incoporated).pdf|page=57|website=[[Senate of Pakistan]]|access-date=10 July 2024|ref={{harvid|Senate of Pakistan|2018}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shah|first1=Mehtab Ali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTUyzAEACAAJ|title=The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy, 1971–94|date=31 December 1997|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]]|isbn=978-1-86064-169-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shih|first1=Chih-yu|author-link1=Chih-yu Shih|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VElbEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT66|title=Post-Chineseness: Cultural Politics and International Relations|date=April 2022|publisher=[[State University of New York Press]]|isbn=978-1-4384-8772-4|access-date=19 August 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Solomon|first1=Hussein|date=May 1997|title=South African Foreign Policy and Middle Power Leadership|url=http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No13/Solomon.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020624231948/http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No13/Solomon.html|archive-date=24 June 2002|access-date=27 December 2011}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sprague|first1=Stanley B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jzUGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|title=Pakistan Since Independence: A History, 1947 to Today|pages=29|date=12 November 2020|publisher=[[McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers]]|isbn=978-1-4766-8151-1|access-date=19 May 2025}}
* {{cite web|last1=Stewart|first1=Richard W.|title=The United States Army in Somalia, 1992-1994|url=https://www.history.army.mil/brochures/somalia/somalia.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214152654/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Somalia/Somalia.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2007|publisher=[[U.S. Army Center of Military History]]|page=19|date=2002|id=CMH Pub 70-81-1|access-date=29 December 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stewart-Ingersoll|first1=Robert|last2=Frazier|first2=Derrick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OW6OoFvV42AC&pg=PA217|title=Regional Powers and Security Orders: A Theoretical Framework|date=23 May 2012|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|page=217|isbn=978-1-136-64497-9|access-date=30 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stone|first1=Lester B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXLOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT140|title=War and the Market Economy|date=February 2017|publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-86834-41-6|access-date=31 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Syed|editor-first1=Jawad|editor-last2=Pio|editor-first2=Edwina|editor-last3=Kamran|editor-first3=Tahir|editor-last4=Zaidi|editor-first4=Abbas|editor-link2=Edwina Pio|editor-link3=Tahir Kamran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Mx5DQAAQBAJ|title=Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1-349-94966-3|access-date=21 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Talbot|first1=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwIPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT205|title=The History of British Diplomacy in Pakistan|date=28 December 2020|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-32670-3|access-date=24 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Tertrais|editor-first1=Bruno|editor-last2=Sokolski|editor-first2=Henry D.|editor-link2=Henry D. Sokolski|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMtky-3hX6EC&pg=PA145|title=Nuclear Weapons Security Crises: What Does History Teach?|year=2013|publisher=[[Strategic Studies Institute]] and [[United States Army War College|U. S. Army War College Press]]|pages=145–188|isbn=978-1-58487-574-1 |access-date=4 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Turner|editor-first1=B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HE7ODQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1236|title=The Statesman's Yearbook 2000|date=28 December 2016|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan UK]]|page=1236|isbn=978-0-230-27128-9|access-date=4 August 2024}}
*<!--UN-->{{citation|title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking|date=4 April 2023|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/02_country_ranking_59_february_2023.pdf|website=[[United Nations Peacekeeping]]|access-date=11 February 2025|ref={{harvid|UN|2023}}}}
* {{cite web|last1=Vandamme|first1=Dorothee|date=August 2014|title="Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: Towards Greater Independence in their Afghan Foreign Policy"|url=https://dial.uclouvain.be/downloader/downloader.php?pid=boreal%3A180961&datastream=PDF_01&disclaimer=f0803a73d3d99903e058788b0845d39f9edf476c234aeb6ad3791b5875fa57bd|publisher=[[Université catholique de Louvain]]|access-date=16 November 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=van Tonder|first1=Gerry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrTNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Sino-Indian War: Border Clash: October–November 1962|date=30 July 2018|publisher=[[Pen & Sword Books]]|isbn=978-1-5267-2838-8|access-date=12 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Visoka|editor-first1=Gëzim|editor-last2=Richmond|editor-first2=Oliver P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goF2EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA305|title=The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies|date=21 June 2022|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|pages=305|isbn=978-3-030-77954-2|access-date=27 August 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Wasi|first1=Nausheen|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41394104|title=Pakistan and the United Nations|journal=[[Pakistan Horizon]]|volume=58|number=3|pages=89–100|jstor=41394104|issn=0030-980X|date=July 2005|publisher=[[Pakistan Institute of International Affairs]]|location=[[Karachi]]|access-date=3 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wasti|first1=Tahir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8qwCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248|title=The Application of Islamic Criminal Law in Pakistan: Sharia in Practice|date=28 February 2009|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|page=248|isbn=978-90-474-2572-4|access-date=25 July 2024}}
* {{citation|last1=Wezeman|first1=Pieter D.|last2=Djokic|first2=Katarina|last3=George|first3=Mathew|last4=Hussain|first4=Zain|last5=Wezeman|first5=Siemon T.|title=Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2023|date=March 2024|url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/fs_2403_at_2023.pdf|work=[[SIPRI]]|access-date=8 November 2024|ref={{harvid|Wezeman et al.|2024}}}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wiebes|first1=Cees|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TINpAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA195|title=Intelligence and the War in Bosnia, 1992–1995: Volume 1 of Studies in intelligence history|publisher=[[LIT Verlag]]|year=2003|isbn=978-3-8258-6347-0|page=195}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Withington|first1=Thomas|url=https://raf.mod.uk/what-we-do/centre-for-air-and-space-power-studies/aspr/apr-vol8-iss1-7-pdf/|title=The Experiences of the Soviet Air Force in Afghanistan 1979-1989|journal=Air and Space Power Review|volume=8|number=1|pages=115–128|issn=2634-0976|date=Autumn 2005|publisher=[[Royal Air Force]]|access-date=4 December 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wolf|first1=Siegfried O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUeeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|title=The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative: Concept, Context and Assessment|pages=214|date=20 June 2019|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|isbn=978-3-030-16198-9|access-date=15 May 2025}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Wu|editor-first1=Chin-en|editor-last2=Bandyopadhyay|editor-first2=Kaustuv Kanti|editor-last3=Lee|editor-first3=Sook Jong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kI8cEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|title=Populism in Asian Democracies: Features, Structures, and Impacts|date=11 January 2021|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|page=82|isbn=978-90-04-44446-1|access-date=10 July 2024}}
* {{cite web|last1=Yadav|first1=Abhishek|url=https://www.idsa.in/issuebrief/Turkiye-Pakistan-Defence-Cooperation-AYadav-090224|title=Turkiye–Pakistan Defence Cooperation: Evolving Dynamics|date=9 February 2024|work=[[Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]|access-date=23 October 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Yousafzai|first1=Zafar Iqbal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8z1KEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT108|title=The Troubled Triangle: US-Pakistan Relations Under the Taliban's Shadow|page=|date=7 December 2021|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-51596-1|access-date=9 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Zahoor|editor-first1=Bilal|editor-last2=Rumi|editor-first2=Raza|editor-link2=Raza Rumi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxD8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA221|title=Rethinking Pakistan: A 21st Century Perspective|date=23 September 2020|publisher=Anthem Press|pages=221|isbn=978-1-78527-493-0|access-date=30 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Zahra|editor-first1=Abiha|editor-last2=Bouckaert|editor-first2=Geert|editor-last3=Jadoon|editor-first3=Muhammad Zafar Iqbal|editor-last4=Jabeen|editor-first4=Nasira|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4J0EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|title=Public Sector Reforms in Pakistan: Hierarchies, Markets and Networks|page=43|date=10 June 2022|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|isbn=978-3-030-96825-0|access-date=3 August 2024}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Zaidi|first1=Syed Muhammad Saad|last2=Ahmad|first2=Azhar|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/20578911211007936|title=From friend to foe: Post-9/11 Pakistan–US relations; a realist perspective|journal=Asian Journal of Comparative Politics|volume=7|number=4|pages=727–743|issn=2057-8911|date=12 April 2021|doi=10.1177/20578911211007936|publisher=[[Sage Journals]]|access-date=8 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Zelnick|first1=Robert|author-link1=Robert Zelnick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ie9wvGsKyJYC&pg=PA126|title=Israel's Unilateralism: Beyond Gaza|page=126|date=September 2013|publisher=[[Hoover Institution Press]]|isbn=978-0-8179-4773-6|access-date=9 August 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ziegfeld|first1=Adam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0vLCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT414|title=Why Regional Parties?: Clientelism, Elites, and the Indian Party System|date=19 February 2016|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-316-53900-2|access-date=21 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Zierke|editor-first1=Niklas|editor-last2=Stockmann|editor-first2=Reinhard|editor-last3=Meyer|editor-first3=Wolfgang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOrkEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA274|title=The Institutionalisation of Evaluation in Asia-Pacific|date=21 November 2023|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|page=274|isbn=978-3-031-36918-6|access-date=8 July 2024}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Zreik|editor-first1=Mohamad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVj_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA209|title=Soft Power and Diplomatic Strategies in Asia and the Middle East|year=2024|publisher=IGI Global|page=209|isbn=979-8-3693-2445-5|access-date=18 August 2024}}
{{refend}}