Editing History of Bangladesh (section)

====Hasina administration (2009–2024)====
[[File:Protesters at Shahbag 2.JPG|thumb|upright|[[2013 Shahbag protests]] demanding the death penalty for the war criminals of the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]]]
[[File:Russia-Bangladeshi talks Moscow 2013-01-15 11.jpeg|thumb|left|[[Sheikh Hasina]] and [[Vladimir Putin]], 2013]]
Within two months of assuming office, Sheikh Hasina's second government faced the [[BDR Mutiny]], which provoked tensions with sections of the military. Hasina successfully tackled the threat from mutineers and enraged elements in the military.<ref>{{cite book |last=Van Schendel |first=Willem |date=2009 | title=A History of Bangladesh | publisher=Cambridge University Press | page=356| isbn=9780521861748}}</ref> She formed the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|international crimes tribunal]] to prosecute surviving Bengali Islamist collaborators of the 1971 genocide. The tribunal has criticism over its fairness and impartiality.

An anti-terror crackdown dramatically improved relations with neighbouring India. Bangladesh and India have increasingly focused on regional connectivity and trade.

In 2010, the [[Supreme Court of Bangladesh]] reaffirmed [[secularism]] as a fundamental principle in the constitution. The war crimes tribunal mobilised public opinion in favour of secularism, which was manifested in the March [[2013 Shahbag protests]]. In response, a huge Islamist mobilisation also took place led by the [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh|Hefazat-e-Islam]] group in May 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-06-24 |title=Bangladesh: restoring secular Constitution |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/bangladesh-restoring-secular-constitution/article2132333.ece |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217043535/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/bangladesh-restoring-secular-constitution/article2132333.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The intense bickering between the League and BNP, often dubbed the Battle of the Begums, has continued. The Hasina government abolished the provision of caretaker government in the constitution through the controversial Fifteenth Amendment.<ref name="Van Schendel 2009 358">{{cite book |last=Van Schendel |first=Willem |date=2009 | title=A History of Bangladesh | publisher=Cambridge University Press | page=358| isbn=9780521861748}}</ref> The move was seen by the BNP as an attempt to corrupt the election process in favour of the League.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maîtrot |first=Mathilde |last2=Jackman |first2=David |date=2023-07-03 |title=Discipline, Development, and Duress: The Art of Winning an Election in Bangladesh |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2023.2229363 |journal=Critical Asian Studies |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=424–439 |doi=10.1080/14672715.2023.2229363 |issn=1467-2715}}</ref>

In 2013, the hard-line, right-wing, Islamic party, Jamaat-e-Islami was banned from registering and therefore contesting in elections by the [[High Court of Bangladesh|High Court]], citing their charter violates the constitution.<ref>
{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/08/2013819424198348.html|title=Bangladesh court declares Jamaat illegal {{!}} News |publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106012128/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/08/2013819424198348.html|archive-date=6 January 2019|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/news/ec-scraps-jamaats-registration-1653415|title=EC scraps Jamaat's registration|date=30 October 2018|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228174842/https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/news/ec-scraps-jamaats-registration-1653415|archive-date=28 December 2018|url-status=live}}
</ref> Street violence between the League, BNP and the Jamaat intensified in the run up to the general election. In 2014, the [[2014 Bangladeshi general election|general elections]] were boycotted by the BNP. The elections were criticized by the United States, United Kingdom, [[European Union]] and the United Nations.<ref name=credible>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/01/violent-bangladesh-poll-not-credible-201417153340105129.html|title=Violent Bangladesh poll 'not credible'|first=Syed Tashfin|last=Chowdhury|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=10 July 2020|archive-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512173317/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/01/violent-bangladesh-poll-not-credible-201417153340105129.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sheikh Hasina was sworn in for a third tenure as prime minister.

In 2015 and 2016, Bangladesh saw increasing assassinations targeting minorities and [[Attacks on secularists in Bangladesh|secularists]]. The country's worst terrorist attack saw the death of 20 people after an upmarket restaurant was sieged by gunmen in July 2016.<ref name="telegraph1">
{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/01/gunmen-attack-restaurant-in-diplomatic-quarter-of-bangladeshi-ca/|title=20 hostages killed in 'Isil' attack on Dhaka restaurant popular with foreigners|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=2 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701220123/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/01/gunmen-attack-restaurant-in-diplomatic-quarter-of-bangladeshi-ca/|archive-date=1 July 2016|url-status=live}}
</ref> The [[Islamic State of Iraq and Levant]] has claimed responsibility for many of the attacks, although the Hasina government insists local terror outfits are more likely to be responsible.<ref name="Van Schendel 2009 358"/> Since this attack, the Government took stricter measures against extremists as the security forces led a numerous raids on suspected militant hide-outs. The measures led to reduction in extremist attacks and fatalities.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sing|first=S.B.|title=Bangladesh: Exemplary Record – Analysis|url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/21012020-bangladesh-exemplary-record-analysis/|publisher=EurasiaReview News&Analysis|date=21 January 2020|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809114830/https://www.eurasiareview.com/21012020-bangladesh-exemplary-record-analysis/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Rohingya displaced Muslims 010.jpg|thumb|Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh in October 2017]]
In 2017, the country faced fresh challenge from incoming [[Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh|Rohingya refugees]]. Starting in early August 2017, the Myanmar security forces began "clearance operations" against the Rohingya in northern Rakhine state – killing thousands of Rohingya, brutalizing thousands more, and driving hundreds of thousands out of the country into neighboring Bangladesh. In the first four weeks of the conflict, over 400,000 Rohingya refugees (approximately 40% of the remaining Rohingya in Myanmar) fled the country (chiefly to Bangladesh) creating a major [[humanitarian crisis]]. The governments of Myanmar and Bangladesh signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] on 23 November 2017 regarding the repatriation of Rohingya refugees to Rakhine State.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/myanmar-bangladesh-sign-rohingya-deal/news-story/b0989c37a2348826393b42c7521522c5|title=Myanmar, Bangladesh 'sign Rohingya deal'|work=News.com.au|access-date=24 November 2017|archive-date=24 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124161409/http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/myanmar-bangladesh-sign-rohingya-deal/news-story/b0989c37a2348826393b42c7521522c5|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, till the end of the decade over 740,000 refugees remained in Bangladesh creating pressure on the country's economy and infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47412704 |title=Rohingya crisis: Bangladesh will no longer take in Myanmar refugees - BBC News |work=BBC News |date=March 2019 |access-date=19 January 2020 |archive-date=10 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910173536/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47412704 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[2018 Bangladeshi general election|2018 General elections]] brought another landslide victory for the [[Awami League]] led by [[Sheikh Hasina]]. While the opposition was already weak due to key leaders being in either jail or exile, the elections were further marred by [[2018 Bangladesh election violence|violence]] and claims of vote rigging.<ref name=BBC>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46716605 Bangladesh election: Opposition demands new vote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231045352/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46716605 |date=31 December 2018 }} BBC News, 30 December 2018</ref> However, this gave the Awami League Government stability and opportunity to complete key infrastructure projects for the country including the [[Padma Bridge]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Unveils Padma River Bridge |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/bangladesh-unveils-padma-river-bridge/6633218.html |work=VOA |date=25 June 2022 |language=en |access-date=2 September 2022 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901180314/https://www.voanews.com/a/bangladesh-unveils-padma-river-bridge/6633218.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Dhaka Metro Rail]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=M |first1=Patrick |title=Bangladesh: Dhaka Metro Rail Project Updates |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/biggest-projects/bangladesh-dhaka-metro-rail-project-timeline-and-all-you-need-to-know/ |website=Construction Review Online |language=en-us |date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2 September 2022 |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902104014/https://constructionreviewonline.com/biggest-projects/bangladesh-dhaka-metro-rail-project-timeline-and-all-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Anti-government protests broke out in Bangladesh on 10 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=What's behind antigovernment protests in Bangladesh? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/inside-story/2022/12/11/whats-behind-anti-government-protests-in-bangladesh |access-date=2022-12-11 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425194122/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/inside-story/2022/12/11/whats-behind-anti-government-protests-in-bangladesh |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2022, tens of thousands marched in Dhaka demanding the resignation of Sheikh Hasina.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sud |first1=Vedika |last2=Xiong |first2=Yong |date=2022-12-11 |title=Tens of thousands protest in Bangladesh to demand resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/11/asia/bangladesh-protests-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |work=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211221037/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/11/asia/bangladesh-protests-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 

In January 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina secured her fourth straight term in Bangladesh's controversial [[2024 Bangladeshi general election|general election]],  which was boycotted by the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh election: PM Sheikh Hasina wins fourth term in controversial vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67889387 |date=7 January 2024}}</ref>