Editing Frankfurt (section)

===Landmarks===
'''Römer'''
[[File:Frankfurter Römer.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Römer]], the city hall]]
[[Römer]], the German word for [[Rome|Roman]], is a complex of nine houses that form the Frankfurt [[city hall]] (''Rathaus''). The houses were acquired by the city council in 1405 from a wealthy merchant family. The middle house became the city hall and was later connected with its neighbors. The ''Kaisersaal'' ("Emperor's Hall") is located on the upper floor and is where the newly crowned emperors held their banquets. The Römer was partially destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. The surrounding square, the Römerberg, is named after the city hall.

[[File:Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The [[Dom-Römer Project|New Frankfurt Old Town]] was completed in 2018, including 15 reconstructed historical buildings.]]
The former [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] (old town) quarter between the Römer and the Frankfurt Cathedral was redeveloped as the [[Dom-Römer Project|Dom-Römer Quarter]] from 2012 to 2018, including 15 [[Reconstruction (architecture)|reconstructions]] of historical buildings that were destroyed during World War II.

==== German National Library ====
[[File:Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek,_Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|DNB building in Frankfurt]]
Frankfurt is one of two sites of the [[German National Library]] (''Deutsche Nationalbibliothek''), the other being [[Leipzig]]. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek is a [[universal library]] in Germany. Its task, unique in Germany, is to collect, permanently archive, comprehensively document and record bibliographically all German and German-language publications from 1913 on, foreign publications about Germany, translations of German works and the works of German-speaking emigrants published abroad between 1933 and 1945, and to make them available to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=§ 2 DNBG – Einzelnorm |url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321140624/http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html |archive-date=21 March 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |website=www.gesetze-im-internet.de}}</ref>

'''Frankfurt Cathedral'''

[[Frankfurt Cathedral]] (Frankfurter Dom) is not a cathedral, but the main Catholic church, dedicated to [[Bartholomew the Apostle|St. Bartholomew]]. The [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] building was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the [[Merovingian]] time. From 1356 onwards, kings of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] were elected in this church, and from 1562 to 1792, [[Holy Roman Empire|Roman-German]] emperors were crowned there.

Since the 18th century, St. Bartholomew's has been called ''Dom'', although it was never a bishop's seat. In 1867 it was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in its present style. It was again partially destroyed in [[World War II]] and rebuilt in the 1950s. Its height is 95 meters. The cathedral tower has a viewing platform open to the public at a height of 66 meters, accessed through a narrow spiral staircase with 386 steps.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| caption_align = center
| total_width = 800 
| image1 = Frankfurter Dom Eiserner Steg.jpg
| width1 = 200
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = [[Frankfurt Cathedral]]
| image2 = Frankfurt Am Main-Samstagsberg von Suedwesten-20110705.jpg
| width2 = 300
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = [[Römerberg (Frankfurt)|Römerberg]]
| image3 = Frankfurt Paulskirche außen 2011a.jpg
| width3 = 200
| alt3 = 
| caption3 = [[St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt|St. Paul's Church]]
}}

'''St. Paul's Church'''

[[St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt|St. Paul's Church]] (''Paulskirche'') is a national historic monument in Germany because it was the seat of the first democratically elected parliament in 1848. It was established in 1789 as a [[Protestant]] church, but was not completed until 1833. Its importance has its roots in the [[Frankfurt Parliament]], which met in the church during the revolutionary years of 1848/49 in order to write a constitution for a united Germany. The attempt failed because the monarchs of [[Prussia]] and Austria did not want to lose power. In 1849, Prussian troops ended the democratic experiment by force and the parliament dissolved; the building was once more used for religious services.

St. Paul's was partially destroyed in World War II with its interior significantly damaged. It was quickly and symbolically rebuilt after the war albeit with modern alterations particularly to the interior; today it is used mainly for exhibitions and events.

'''Archäologischer Garten Frankfurt'''

The Archaeological Garden contains small parts of the oldest recovered buildings: an ancient Roman settlement and the Frankfurt Royal Palace (''Kaiserpfalz Frankfurt'') from the sixth century. The garden is located between the Römerberg and the cathedral. It was discovered after World War II when the area was heavily bombed and later partly rebuilt. The remains were preserved and are now open to the public. From 2013 until 2015 an event building, the Stadthaus ("City house"), has been built on top of the garden, but it remains open to the public free of charge.

'''Haus Wertheim'''

Wertheim House is the only [[Timber framing|timbered house]] in the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district that survived the heavy bombings of World War II undamaged. It is located on the Römerberg next to the Historical Museum.

'''Saalhof'''

The [[Saalhof]] is the oldest conserved building in the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district and dates to the 12th century. It was used as an exhibition hall by Dutch [[cloth merchant|clothiers]] when trade fairs were held during the 14th and 15th centuries. The Saalhof was partly destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. Today it serves as a part of the [[Historical museum, Frankfurt|Historical Museum]].

'''Eiserner Steg'''

The Eiserner Steg (Iron Bridge) is a pedestrian-only bridge across the Main that connects Römerberg and Sachsenhausen. It was built in 1868 and was the second bridge to cross the river. After World War II, when it was blown up by the [[Wehrmacht]], it was quickly rebuilt in 1946. Today some 10,000 people cross the bridge on a daily basis.

'''Alte Oper'''
[[File:Alte Oper Frankfurt Winter 2008.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Alte Oper]], now a concert hall, at Opernplatz]]
The [[Alte Oper]] is a former [[opera house]], hence the name "Old Opera". The opera house was built in 1880 by architect Richard Lucae. It was one of the major opera houses in Germany until it was heavily damaged in World War II. Until the late 1970s, it was a ruin, nicknamed "Germany's most beautiful ruin". Former Frankfurt [[Lord Mayor]] Rudi Arndt called for blowing it up in the 1960s, which earned him the nickname "Dynamite-Rudi". (Later on, Arndt said he never had meant his suggestion seriously.)

Public pressure led to its refurbishment and reopening in 1981. Today, it functions as a famous concert hall, while operas are performed at the "new" Frankfurt Opera. The inscription on the [[frieze]] of the Alte Oper says: "''Dem Wahren, Schönen, Guten''" ("To the true, the beautiful, the good").

'''Eschenheimer Turm'''

The Eschenheim Tower (''[[Eschenheimer Turm]]'') was erected at the beginning of the 15th century and served as a city gate as part of late-medieval fortifications. It is the oldest and most unaltered building in the [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] district.

'''St. Catherine's Church'''

[[St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt|St. Catherine's Church]] (''Katharinenkirche'') is the largest [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant]] church, dedicated to [[Catherine of Alexandria]], a [[martyr]]ed early Christian saint. It is located downtown at the entrance to the Zeil, the central pedestrian shopping street.

'''Hauptwache'''

Although today [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] is mostly associated with the inner-city underground train station [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptwache station|of the same name]], the name originates from a [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] building on the square above the station. The Hauptwache building was constructed in 1730 and was used as a prison, therefore the name that translates as "main guard-house". Today the square surrounding the building is also called "Hauptwache" (formal: ''An der Hauptwache''). It is situated downtown opposite to St. Catherine's Church.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| caption_align = center
| total_width = 800 
| image1 = Frankfurt Main Hauptwache Katharinenkirche 20120707.jpg
| width1 = 300
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] and [[St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt|St. Catherine's Church]]
| image2 = Frankfurt Nextower.20130514.jpg
| width2 = 130
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = [[Eschenheimer Turm]]
| image3 = Frankfurt Main Hauptbahnhof 6229.jpg
| width3 = 300
| alt3 = 
| caption3 = [[Frankfurt Central Station]]
}}

'''Central Station'''

[[Frankfurt Central Station]] (''Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof''), which opened in 1888, was built as the central train station for Frankfurt to replace three smaller downtown train stations and to boost the needed capacity for travellers. It was constructed as a [[Terminal station|terminus station]] and was the largest train station in Europe by floor area until 1915 when [[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof|Leipzig Central Station]] was opened. Its three main halls were constructed in a [[Renaissance Revival architecture|neorenaissance]]-style, while the later enlargement with two outer halls in 1924 was constructed in [[neoclassicism|neoclassic]]-style.

'''Frankfurter Hof'''

The Frankfurter Hof is a landmark downtown hotel at Kaiserplatz, built from 1872 to 1876. It is part of [[Steigenberger Hotels]] group and is considered the city's most prestigious.

'''St. Leonhard'''

[[St. Leonhard, Frankfurt|St. Leonhard]], on the Main close to the bridge Eiserner Steg, is a Catholic [[Gothic architecture|late Gothic]] [[hall church]], derived from a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque style]] [[basilica]] beginning in 1425. It is the only one of nine churches in the Old Town that survived World War II almost undamaged. The parish serves the English-speaking community. The church has been under restoration from 2011 until 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html |title=Gläubige dürfen zurück in uralte Leonhardskirche in Frankfurt |date=15 February 2019 |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427223541/https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Gründerzeit quarters'''

Around the city centre there are wide spread quarters full of [[Gründerzeit#Design and architecture|Gründerzeit architecture]]. Buildings of that typ often sport richly-decorated façades in the form of Historicism such as Gothic Revival, Renaissance Revival, German Renaissance and Baroque Revival.

<gallery mode="packed" >
  Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg|[[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]
  Frankfurt, Beethovenstraße 71.jpg|[[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]]
  Frankfurt am Main - Nordend.JPG|[[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]]
  Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg|[[Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bornheim]]
</gallery>

'''Timber framed old towns'''

Around the city center of Frankfurt are several former independent villages, now part of the city, with [[timber framed]] centres and even whole old towns like [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]], [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]], [[Niederursel]] and [[Bergen-Enkheim]]. Overall there are around 14.500 buildings in Frankfurt built before 1919<ref name="zensus2011.de"/> and around 3.000 of them are [[timber framed]] houses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerner| first1=Manfred |title=Fachwerk in Frankfurt am Main |date=1979 |publisher=Frankfurter Sparkasse |location=Frankfurt am Main |isbn=3-7829-0217-3 |page=79}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" >
  Hoechster Altstadt September 2010 Pano 1.jpg|[[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]] old town
  Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg|[[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]] 
  Niederursel, Alt-Niederursel 29-31 (1).jpg|[[Niederursel]] 
  Bergerrathaus2.JPG|[[Bergen-Enkheim]]
</gallery>