Editing Edinburgh (section)

==People==
{{Main|List of people from Edinburgh}} {{see also|List of University of Edinburgh people}}
[[File:Sir Walter Scott - Raeburn-2.jpg|thumb|upright|Sir [[Walter Scott]]]]
[[File:Greyfriars Bobby statue, Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|right|upright|[[Greyfriars Bobby Fountain]]]]

Edinburgh has a literary tradition, which became especially evident during the [[Scottish Enlightenment]]. This heritage and the city's literary life in the present led to it being declared the first [[UNESCO City of Literature]] in 2004.<ref name="Urbanism">{{Cite web |title=Sustainable Urbanism |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/9413404/Sustainable-Urbanism-Edinburgh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926174900/http://www.scribd.com/doc/9413404/Sustainable-Urbanism-Edinburgh |archive-date=26 September 2009 |access-date=13 January 2011 |publisher=Ralf Brand}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2011 |title=A guide to Edinburgh's authors and books |url=http://www.list.co.uk/article/32390-a-guide-to-edinburghs-authors-and-books/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115161230/http://www.list.co.uk/article/32390-a-guide-to-edinburghs-authors-and-books/ |archive-date=15 November 2012 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=list.co.uk}}</ref> Authors who have lived in Edinburgh include the economist [[Adam Smith]], born in [[Kirkcaldy]] and author of ''[[The Wealth of Nations]]'',<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> [[James Boswell]], biographer of [[Life of Samuel Johnson|Samuel Johnson]]; Sir [[Walter Scott]], creator of the historical novel and author of works such as ''[[Rob Roy (novel)|Rob Roy]]'', ''[[Ivanhoe]]'', and ''[[The Heart of Midlothian|Heart of Midlothian]]''; [[James Hogg]], author of ''[[The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]''; [[Robert Louis Stevenson]],<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Stevenson, Robert Lewis Balfour |volume= 25 |last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund William Gosse| pages = 907&ndash;910|short = 1}}</ref> creator of ''[[Treasure Island]]'', ''[[Kidnapped (novel)|Kidnapped]]'', and ''[[Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde]]''; [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]], the creator of [[Sherlock Holmes]]; [[Muriel Spark]], author of ''[[The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (novel)|The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie]]''; [[Irvine Welsh]], author of ''[[Trainspotting (novel)|Trainspotting]]'', whose novels are mostly set in the city and often written in colloquial [[Scots language|Scots]];
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irvine Welsh |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00mr8yj/profiles/irvine-welsh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220155223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00mr8yj/profiles/irvine-welsh |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[Ian Rankin]], author of the [[Detective Inspector John Rebus|Inspector Rebus]] series of crime thrillers, [[Alexander McCall Smith]], author of the [[No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency]] series,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Book News – Latest Book and Author News – Page 10 |work=The Independent |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/?ibPage=10 |url-status=live |access-date=14 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121052001/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/?ibPage=10 |archive-date=21 November 2011}}</ref> and [[J. K. Rowling]], author of [[Harry Potter]], who moved to the city in 1993 and wrote much of her first book in Edinburgh coffee shops.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephen McGinty |date=16 June 2003 |title=The JK Rowling story |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/s2.cfm?id=662772003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014155712/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/s2.cfm?id=662772003 |archive-date=14 October 2007 |access-date=23 March 2007 |website=The Scotsman}}</ref>

Edinburgh produced figures in science and engineering. [[John Napier]], inventor of [[logarithm]]s, was born in [[Merchiston Tower]] and lived and died in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=J J O'Connor and E F Robertson |title=John Napier |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Napier.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513061704/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Napier.html |archive-date=13 May 2013 |access-date=16 March 2013 |publisher=University of St Andrews}}</ref> His house now forms part of the original campus of Napier University which was named in his honour. He lies buried under St. Cuthbert's Church. [[James Clerk Maxwell]], founder of the modern theory of [[electromagnetism]], was born at 14 India Street (now the home of the [[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]) and educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] and the University of Edinburgh,<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil">{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh's famous people – science, thought and other |url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/873/key_facts_and_figures/5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207011702/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/873/key_facts_and_figures/5 |archive-date=7 February 2013 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=edinburgh.gov.uk}}</ref> as was the engineer and telephone pioneer [[Alexander Graham Bell]].<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> [[James Braidwood (firefighter)|James Braidwood]], who organised Britain's first municipal fire brigade, was also born in the city and began his career there.

Other names connected with the city include physicist [[Max Born]], a principle founder of [[Quantum mechanics]] and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=University forging German links |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/edinburgh-global/news-events/news/german-links |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401065809/http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/edinburgh-global/news-events/news/german-links |archive-date=1 April 2013 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=ed.ac.uk}}</ref> [[Charles Darwin]], the biologist who propounded the theory of [[natural selection]];<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> [[David Hume]], philosopher, economist and historian;<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> [[James Hutton]], regarded as the "Father of Geology";<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> [[Joseph Black]], the chemist who discovered [[magnesium]] and [[carbon dioxide]], and one of the founders of [[Thermodynamics]];<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> pioneering medical researchers [[Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister|Joseph Lister]] and [[James Young Simpson]];<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> chemist and discoverer of the element [[nitrogen]] [[Daniel Rutherford]]; [[Colin Maclaurin]], mathematician and developer of the [[Maclaurin series]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colin Maclaurin |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Maclaurin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817224720/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Maclaurin.html |archive-date=17 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk}}</ref> and [[Ian Wilmut]], the geneticist involved in the cloning of [[Dolly (sheep)|Dolly the sheep]] just outside Edinburgh, at the [[Roslin Institute]].<ref name="famouspeoplecouncil" /> The stuffed carcass of Dolly the sheep is now on display in the National Museum of Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dolly the sheep |url=http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_collections/highlights/dolly_the_sheep.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326042308/http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_collections/highlights/dolly_the_sheep.aspx |archive-date=26 March 2013 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=nms.ac.uk}}</ref> The latest in a long line of science celebrities associated with the city is theoretical physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] and professor emeritus at the [[University of Edinburgh]] [[Peter Higgs]], born in Newcastle but resident in Edinburgh for most of his academic career, after whom the [[Higgs boson]] particle has been named.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peter Higgs and the Higgs Boson |url=http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/higgs/peter-higgs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014121815/http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/higgs/peter-higgs |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=13 October 2013 |publisher=University of Edinburgh}}</ref>

Edinburgh has been the birthplace of actors like [[Alastair Sim]] and Sir [[Sean Connery]], the first cinematic [[James Bond]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 December 1999 |title=Connery: Bond and beyond |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/573476.stm |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825062419/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/573476.stm |archive-date=25 August 2007}}</ref> the comedian and actor [[Ronnie Corbett]], one of [[The Two Ronnies]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hannah Stephenson |date=4 November 2006 |title=I will not say goodnight yet&nbsp;... |url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/features.cfm?id=1635762006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014194727/http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/features.cfm?id=1635762006 |archive-date=14 October 2007 |access-date=23 March 2007 |website=The Scotsman}}</ref> and the impressionist [[Rory Bremner]]. Artists from the city include the portrait painters Sir [[Henry Raeburn]], Sir [[David Wilkie (artist)|David Wilkie]], and [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]]. The city has produced or been home to musicians [[Ian Anderson]], front man of the band [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[The Incredible String Band]], the folk duo [[The Corries]], [[Wattie Buchan]], lead singer and founding member of punk band [[The Exploited]], [[Shirley Manson]], lead singer of the band [[Garbage (band)|Garbage]], the [[Bay City Rollers]], [[The Proclaimers]], [[Swim School]], [[Boards of Canada]] and [[Idlewild (band)|Idlewild]]. Edinburgh is the birthplace of former British Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] who attended the city's [[Fettes College]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2006 |title=Blair's birthplace is bulldozed in Edinburgh |url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1156262006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013202856/http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1156262006 |archive-date=13 October 2007 |access-date=23 March 2007 |website=[[The Scotsman]] |issn=0307-5850 |oclc=614655655 |location=UK}}</ref>

Criminals from Edinburgh's past include [[Deacon Brodie]], head of a trades guild and Edinburgh city councillor by day but a burglar by night, who is said to have been the inspiration for [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s story, the ''[[Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deacon William Brodie |url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/Deacon-William-Brodie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123171626/http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/Deacon-William-Brodie/ |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=historic-uk.com}}</ref> and murderers [[Burke and Hare]] who delivered fresh corpses for dissection to the famous anatomist [[Robert Knox (surgeon)|Robert Knox]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosner |first=Lisa |url=https://archive.org/details/anatomymurdersbe00rosn |title=The Anatomy Murders |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8122-4191-4 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

Another Edinburgh resident was [[Greyfriars Bobby]]. The small [[Skye Terrier]] reputedly kept vigil over his dead master's grave in [[Greyfriars Kirkyard]] for 14 years in the 1860s and 1870s, giving rise to a story of canine devotion which plays a part in attracting visitors to the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greyfriars Bobby |url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/Greyfriars-Bobby/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125041701/http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/Greyfriars-Bobby/ |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=historic-uk.com}}</ref>