Editing Cambrai (section)

==Economy==
Cambrai is the seat of the {{Interlanguage link multi|Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Cambrésis|fr|3=Chambre de commerce et d'industrie du Cambrésis}}. In April 2007, it decided to merge with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Arras, a decision which was called into question on 4 October 2007, by the Ministry of Supervision of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lavoixeco.com/actualite/Bassins_d_emploi/Hainaut/Cambresis/2007/10/06/article_il_n_y_aura_pas_de_fusion_entre_les_cci_de_cambra.shtml|title = Il n'y aura pas de fusion entre les CCI de Cambrai et d'Arras|work = Voix Éco|date = 6 October 2007|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150511090116/http://www.lavoixeco.com/actualite/Bassins_d_emploi/Hainaut/Cambresis/2007/10/06/article_il_n_y_aura_pas_de_fusion_entre_les_cci_de_cambra.shtml|archive-date = 11 May 2015}}</ref>

As a result of the planned closure in 2012 {{Interlanguage link multi|Airbase 103 of Cambrai-Epinoy|fr|3=Base aérienne 103 Cambrai-Épinoy}}, Cambrai and [[Cambrésis]] are classified from 1 January 2010 and until 31 December 2012 in the free zone "Zone of Defence Restructuring", allowing enterprises to create, settle or develop tax and social security exemptions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.locatecambraifrance.com/page-1018.html|title=Cambrésis classé Zone Franche ZRD|work=Cambrésis Développement Économique|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-date=12 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512132020/http://www.locatecambraifrance.com/page-1018.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Economic history===
[[File:Sucrerie escaudoeuvres.jpg|thumb|right|An example of the development of the food industry in the nineteenth century, the [[Escaudœuvres]] sugar factory, deemed the largest in Europe]]

As early as the [[Middle Ages]], Cambrai was both an agricultural market for its region, which produces mainly cereals and wool, and a centre of weaving (sheets, [[Isatis tinctoria|woad]], cloth, linen, chiffon). This dual role would persist for a long time. The drapery declined at the end of the 13th century but it was replaced by [[batiste]], a speciality of the city, which experienced its greatest trend in the 17th century.<ref group=b>p.137</ref> Production declined, in turn, in the following century, but in 1775 there were still 58,000 pieces of batiste marked to Cambrai.<ref group=b>p.161</ref>

Economic activity declined under the [[First French Empire|First Empire]] due to the wars and the British [[blockade]]. In the 19th century, the textile industry remained as the dominant activity of the city, with 2,546 workers, men, women and children, in 1848.<ref group=b name="HC222">p.222</ref> Batiste made the bulk of Cambrai's trade with other productions such as soap and refined sea salt. The [[food industry]] grew: Brasserie, chicory; the [[Bêtise de Cambrai]] was invented in 1850.<ref group=b name="HC222"/>

In the 19th century, the city was industrialised, especially when compared to its neighbours. Municipal officials often refused the installation of new factories, on behalf of sanitation or lack of space. The [[Sucrerie centrale de Cambrai]] was created in 1872, by Jules Linard<ref>William Marlière, ''Croissance et mutations d'une entreprise agro-alimentaire : La Sucrerie Centrale de Cambrai'', mémoire de maîtrise.</ref> on the territory of the town of [[Escaudœuvres]]. However, according to the census of 1886, industry was supporting more than 9,000 people, while agriculture used only 2,000 at most. The city mainly developed its commercial function: At the beginning of the 20th century the branch of the [[Banque de France|Bank of France]] from Cambrai ranked 12th in France, before Nice and Toulouse.<ref group=b>p.244</ref>

===Business and shops===
There are four zones and parks of activity in the agglomeration:
* The industrial zone of Cantimpré, to the south-west of the city.
* The Actipole Park, on the edge of the A2 autoroute {{convert|2|km}} west of Cambrai, offers a total area of {{convert|97|ha}}. As it is completely occupied, it is being extended.
* The zone of Fontaine-Notre-Dame, a kilometre from the A26 autoroute, offers a total area of {{convert|75|ha}}.
* The zone of South Cambrai Proville, one kilometre to the south of Cambrai, on the {{Interlanguage link multi|Route nationale 44 (France)|fr|3=Route nationale 44 (France)|lt=RN 44}}, in the direction of Saint-Quentin, is devoted to the commercial areas over an area of {{convert|40|ha|acre}}.

The economy of Cambrai is based on four pillars:
* [[Agriculture]], which occupies a third of the territory of the commune.
* The [[agribusiness|agri-food industry]], which occupies an important place in the economy of the commune (confectionery, candy, dairy, etc.) due to strong agricultural activity ([[intensive farming]] of [[Animal husbandry|livestock]] and [[cereal]]s) in the arrondissement (80% of the area).
* Logistics, benefitting from the situation of the commune of Cambrai in the heart of the triangle London–Paris–Benelux and the intersection of two motorways, tends to be concentrated in the western part of the agglomeration. Thus all of the {{convert|97|ha|acre}} of the Actipôle Raillencourt zone of activity located {{convert|2|km}} west of Cambrai on the edge of the A2 autoroute are now used, partly by distribution undertakings, for a thousand jobs around. The extensions Actipole 2 and 3 are underway or study.
* [[Textile industry|Textile]], found predominantly in the rest of the arrondissement ([[Caudry]], [[Villers-Outréaux]], etc.) is represented in Cambrai by clothing and linens. The Cambrai region is associated with those of [[Calais]] and the [[Métropole Européenne de Lille]] within the Up-Tex [[Pôle de compétitivité en France|competitiveness cluster]], specialised in textile products high performance and customisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/biblioth/docu/kiosque/cahiers/cahier3.htm|title=Chiffres clés et Documentation, ministère de l'Économie et des Finances|date=13 November 2023 }}</ref>

The Central Hospital of Cambrai, the commune of Cambrai, [[Auchan]], Les Papillons blancs, [[Cora (hypermarket)|Cora]], TANIS (chemistry, rubber, plastic), the ''Compagnie des Engrenages et Réducteurs Messiaen Durand'' (mechanical equipment) and the departmental fire and rescue service were, in order, the eight major employers in the town, in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.insee.fr/fr/regions/nord-pas-de-calais/default.asp?page=themes/tableau_de_bord/TB02camb.htm#entreprises|title = Indicateurs de la Communauté d'agglomération de Cambrai par thèmes : entreprises|work =INSEE Nord Pas-de-Calais}}</ref>

===Perspectives===
The future [[Seine–Nord Europe Canal|Seine-Scheldt link]], the commissioning of which is scheduled for 2016,<ref>
{{cite web|url = http://www.seine-nord-europe.com/|title = Étapes du projet|work =VNF – Mission Seine-Nord Europe}}</ref> is today one of the most promising elements of economic development to the city and the area of Cambrai. The [[Combined transport|multimodal]] platform of activities of [[Marquion]], {{convert|10|km}} west of Cambrai and on {{convert|156|ha|acre}}, should be employed to host European logistics and distribution centres and agro-food industries.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.locatecambraifrance.com/page-10073-plate-forme-multimodale-cambrai-marquion.html|title = La plate-forme multimodale de Cambrai-Marquion|work = Cambrai Développement Économique|access-date = 20 May 2015|archive-date = 17 August 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100817090008/http://www.locatecambraifrance.com/page-10073-plate-forme-multimodale-cambrai-marquion.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>

===Income of the population and taxation===
{{Update section|date=February 2024}}
In 2009, the median {{Interlanguage link multi|Revenu fiscal par ménage en France|fr|3=Revenu fiscal par ménage en France|lt=taxable household income}} was €15,302, which ranks Cambrai at 25,917th place among the 31,604 communes with more than 50 households in metropolitan France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/donnees-detaillees/base-cc-resume-stat/base-cc-resume-stat-10.zip|title= CC-Résumé statistique/com,dep,zone empl|work=INSEE}}</ref>

In 2008, 263 Cambrai tax households performed the [[solidarity tax on wealth]], for a mean wealth of €1.665 million and an average tax amount of €5,017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lesechos.fr/medias/2009/0828//300372105.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007084055/http://www.lesechos.fr/medias/2009/0828/300372105.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-10-07 |title=Impôt de solidarité sur la fortune 2008 |work=Les Échos }}</ref>

===Employment===
According to the results of the 2017 Census, the economically [[workforce|active population]] aged 15 and over of the commune included 14,454 people, 24.3% were [[unemployment|unemployed]] (France: 13.9%).<ref name="complet"/>

The distribution of jobs by [[business sector|sector of activity]] shows the predominant weight (almost 90%) of the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]]. This distribution reflects the role which the administrative and commercial centre plays in the commune for the surrounding countryside.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|+ Distribution of jobs by fields of activity (end of 2015)<ref name="complet"/><ref name=France/>
|-
! scope="row" | Domain
! scope="col" | Agriculture
! scope="col" | Industry
! scope="col" | Construction
! scope="col" | Commerce
! scope="col" | Services
|- style="background:#D1E8FF"
! scope="row" | Cambrai
| 0.1%
| 6.6%
| 3.7%
| 36.0%
| 53.7%
|-
! scope="row" | National average
| 1.1%
| 13.9%
| 6.0%
| 46.5%
| 32.5%
|}

The distribution of jobs by socio-professional categories shows under-representation of "executives and intellectual professions", and "farmers", as well as an over-representation of the "intermediary professions" and "employees".

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|+ Distribution of employment by socio-professional categories (2017 Census)<ref name="complet" /><ref name=France>
{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=FE-1|title=Dossier complet: France entière|work=INSEE}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Category
! scope="col" | Farmers
! scope="col" | Artisans, merchants,<br />business leaders
! scope="col" | Executives,<br />intellectual professions
! scope="col" | Intermediate professions
! scope="col" | Employees
! scope="col" | Workers
|- style="background:#D1E8FF"
! scope="row" | Cambrai
| 0.2%
| 4.6%
| 10.0%
| 22.8%
| 30.2%
| 28.3%
|-
! scope="row" | National average
| 1.3%
| 6.0%
| 16.2%
| 24.8%
| 28.5%
| 21.5%
|}

The journeys to work are mostly by car (75.9%, France 70.5%) and one can note the low weight of public transport (5.8% against an average of 15.1% in France).<ref name="complet" />