Editing Temple Mount (section)

====Upper platform====
The upper platform surrounds the [[Dome of the Rock]], beneath which lies the [[Well of Souls]], originally accessible only by a narrow hole in the [[Sakhrah]], the foundation stone on which the Dome of the Rock site and after which it is named, until the [[Crusades|Crusaders]] dug a new entrance to the cave from the south.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dome of the Rock Platform – Madain Project (en) – Well of Souls |url=https://madainproject.com/dome_of_the_rock_platform#well-of-souls |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=madainproject.com}}</ref> The platform is accessible via eight staircases, each of which is topped by a free-standing [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] known in Arabic as the [[Al-Mawazin|''qanatir'' or ''mawazin'']]. The arcades were erected in different periods from the 10th to 15th centuries.<ref name=":21">{{Cite book |last=Murphy-O'Connor |first=Jerome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KKIUDAAAQBAJ |title=The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-923666-4 |page=98 |language=en}}</ref>

There is also a smaller domed building on the upper platform, to the east of the Dome of the Rock, known as the [[Dome of the Chain]] (''Qubbat al-Sisila'' in Arabic).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dome of the Chain – Madain Project (en) |url=https://madainproject.com/dome_of_the_chain |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=madainproject.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dome of the Rock Platform – Madain Project (en) – Dome of the Rock |url=https://madainproject.com/dome_of_the_rock_platform#dome-of-the-rock |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=madainproject.com}}</ref> Its exact origin and purpose is uncertain but historical sources indicate it was built under the reign of Abd al-Malik, the same Umayyad caliph who built the Dome of the Rock.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosen-Ayalon |first=Myriam |date=1989 |title=The Early Islamic Monuments of Al-Ḥaram Al-Sharīf: An Iconographic Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588798 |journal=Qedem |volume=28 |pages=III–73 |jstor=43588798 |issn=0333-5844}}</ref> Two other small domes stand to the northwest of the Dome of the Rock. The Dome of the Ascension (''Qubbat al-Miraj'' in Arabic) has an inscription with a date corresponding to 1201 CE.<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23">{{Cite book |last=Bahat |first=Dan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qQUCgAAQBAJ&dq=jerusalem+temple+mount+dome+of+the+ascension&pg=PA86 |title=The History of Jerusalem: The Early Muslim Period (638–1099) |publisher=New York University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8147-6639-2 |editor-last=Prawer |editor-first=Joshua |pages=86 |language=en |editor-last2=Ben-Shammai |editor-first2=Haggai}}</ref> It may have been a former Crusader structure, possibly a [[baptistery]], that was repurposed at this time,<ref name=":23" /> or it may be a structure that was built after [[Saladin]]'s capture of the city and reused some Crusader-era materials, including its columns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mourad |first=Sulaiman A. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBUHEAAAQBAJ&dq=jerusalem+%22dome+of+the+ascension%22&pg=PA396 |title=The Umayyad World |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-317-43005-6 |editor-last=Marsham |editor-first=Andrew |pages=396 |language=en |chapter=Umayyad Jerusalem: from a religious capital to a religious town}}</ref> Per its name, this dome commemorates the spot where, according to some, Muhammad ascended to heaven.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Boehm |first1=Barbara Drake |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ay30DAAAQBAJ&dq=jerusalem+%22dome+of+the+ascension%22&pg=PA275 |title=Jerusalem, 1000–1400: Every People Under Heaven |last2=Holcomb |first2=Melanie |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-58839-598-6 |language=en}}</ref> The Dome of the Spirits or Dome of the Winds (''Qubbat al-Arwah'' in Arabic) stands a little further north and is dated to the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldhill |first=Simon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5svEAAAQBAJ&dq=jerusalem+qubbat+al-arwah&pg=PA348 |title=Jerusalem: City of Longing |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-674-26385-7 |pages=110 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":21" />
[[File:Jerusalem Temple Mount (43195424811).jpg|thumb|Southern edge of the upper platform, with view of the Summer Pulpit (left) and the southern ''qanatir'' behind it]]
In the southwest corner of the upper platform is a quadrangular structure which includes a portion topped by another dome. It is known as the Dome of Literature (''Qubba Nahwiyya'' in Arabic) and dated to 1208.<ref name=":21" /> Standing further east, close to one of the southern entrance arcades, is a stone ''[[minbar]]'' known as the "Summer Pulpit" or Minbar of Burhan al-Din, used for open-air prayers. It appears to be an older [[Ciborium (architecture)|ciborium]] from the Crusader period, as attested by its sculptural decoration, which was then reused under the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]]. Sometime after 1345, a Mamluk judge named Burhan al-Din (d. 1388) restored it and added a stone staircase, giving it its present form.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgoyne |first=Michael Hamilton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qR_qAAAAMAAJ |title=Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study |publisher=British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by the World of Islam Festival Trust |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-905035-33-8 |pages=319–20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Neci̇poğlu |first=Gülru |date=2008 |title=The Dome of the Rock as Palimpsest: ʻabd Al-Malik's Grand Narrative and Sultan Süleyman's Glosses |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27811114 |journal=Muqarnas |volume=25 |pages=17–105 |doi=10.1163/22118993_02501004 |jstor=27811114 |issn=0732-2992}}</ref>