Editing Paris Commune (section)

=== Aftermath ===
* [[Adolphe Thiers]] was formally elected the first President of the [[French Third Republic]] on 30 August 1871. He was replaced by the more conservative Patrice MacMahon in 1873. In his final years, Thiers became an ally of the republicans against the constitutional monarchists in the Assembly.{{Sfn|De la Croix de Castries|1983|pages=422–461}} When he died in 1877, his funeral was a major political event. Historian [[Jules Ferry]] reported that a million Parisians lined the streets; the funeral procession was led by republican deputies [[Leon Gambetta]] and [[Victor Hugo]]. He was buried in [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], where one of the final battles of the Commune had been fought.{{sfn|Guiral|1986|page=366}}
* [[Patrice MacMahon]], leader of the regular army that crushed the Commune, served as the president of the Third Republic from 1873 to 1879. When he died in 1893, he was buried with the highest military honours at [[Les Invalides]].
* [[Georges Clemenceau]], the mayor of Montmartre at the beginning of the Commune, became the leader of the [[Radical Party (France)|Radical Party]] in the National Assembly. He was [[Prime Minister of France]] during the pivotal years of [[World War I]], and signed the [[Versailles Treaty]], restoring [[Alsace-Lorraine]] to France.

Some leaders of the Commune, including Delescluze, died on the barricades, but most of the others survived and lived long afterwards, and some of them resumed political careers in France. Between 1873 and 1876, 4,200 political prisoners were sent to the [[penal colony]] of New Caledonia.<ref>"[https://www.ieom.fr/IMG/pdf/ra2010_nouvelle-caledonie.pdf Rapport annuel 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109131906/http://www.ieom.fr/IMG/pdf/ra2010_nouvelle-caledonie.pdf |date=9 November 2017 }}" (PDF). IEOM Nouvelle-Calédonie.</ref> The convicts included about one thousand Communards, including [[Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay|Henri de Rochefort]] and Louise Michel.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aldrich |first1=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRB3woPa7LAC&pg=PA46 |title=France's Overseas Frontier: Départements et territoires d'outre-mer |last2=Connell |first2=John |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-03036-6 |page=46 |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806165048/https://books.google.com/books?id=vRB3woPa7LAC&pg=PA46 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Félix Pyat 1871.jpg|thumb|upright|The popular journalist [[Félix Pyat]] became one of the most influential members of the Commune and its Committee for Public Safety. He went into exile during the Bloody Week, was later amnestied and elected to the National Assembly.]]
* The most remarkable comeback was that of Commune leader [[Felix Pyat]], who had been a former military leader of the Commune, and member of the Committee of Public safety. On the Commune he organised the destruction of the column in [[Place Vendôme|Place Vendome]], as well the demolition of the home of [[Adolphe Thiers]] and the expiatory chapel to [[Louis XVI]]. He escaped Paris during [[Bloody Week]], was condemned to death in absentia in 1873, and went into exile in England. After the general amnesty in 1881 he returned to Paris, and in March 1888 was elected to the National Assembly for the department of [[Bouches-du-Rhône]]. He took his seat on the extreme Left; he died at [[Saint-Gratien, Val-d'Oise|Saint-Gratien]] the following year.<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Pyat, Felix|volume=22|pages=675–676}}</ref>
* [[Louis Auguste Blanqui]] had been elected the honorary President of the Commune, but was in prison for its duration. He was given a sentence in a penal colony in 1872, but because of his health the sentence was changed to imprisonment. He was elected Deputy of Bordeaux in April 1879, but was disqualified. After he was released from prison, he continued his career as an agitator. He died after giving a speech in Paris in January 1881. Like Adolphe Thiers, he is buried in [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], where one of the last battles of the Commune was fought.
* [[Louise Michel]], the famous "Red Virgin", was sentenced to transportation to a penal colony in New Caledonia, where she served as a schoolteacher. She received amnesty in 1880, and returned to Paris, where she resumed her career as an activist and anarchist. She was arrested in 1880 for leading a mob that pillaged a bakery, was imprisoned, then pardoned. She was arrested several more times, and once was freed with the intervention of Georges Clemenceau. She died in 1905, and was buried near her close friend and colleague during the Commune, Théophile Ferré, the man who had signed the death warrant for the archbishop of Paris and other hostages.
* [[Adrien Lejeune]], the last surviving communard, settled in the [[Soviet Union]] in 1928 where he died in 1942.