Editing Latin declension (section)

=== Declension of numerals ===
{{see also|Roman numerals|Latin numerals (linguistics)}}

There are several different kinds of numeral words in Latin: the two most common are cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals. There are also several more rare numerals, e.g., distributive numerals and adverbial numerals.

==== Cardinal numerals ====
All cardinal numerals are indeclinable, except {{wikt-lang|la|ūnus}} ('one'), {{wikt-lang|la|duo}} ('two'), {{wikt-lang|la|trēs}} ('three'), plural hundreds {{wikt-lang|la|ducentī}} ('two hundred'), {{wikt-lang|la|trecentī}} ('three hundred') etc., and {{wikt-lang|la|mīlle}} ('thousand'), which have cases and genders like adjectives. {{wikt-lang|la|unus|Ūnus, ūna, ūnum}} is declined like a first- and second-declension pronoun with ''-īus'' or ''-ius'' in the genitive, and ''-ī'' in the dative. {{wikt-lang|la|duo|Duo}} is declined irregularly, {{wikt-lang|la|trēs}} is declined like a third-declension plural adjective, ''-centī'' ('hundred') numerals decline like first- and second-declension adjectives, and {{wikt-lang|la|mīlle}} is invariable in the singular and declined like a third-declension ''i''-stem neuter noun in the plural:

The plural endings for ''ūnus'' are used with ''plūrālia tantum'' nouns, e. g. ''ūna castra'' (one [military] camp), ''ūnae scālae'' (one ladder).
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | {{wikt-lang|la|unus|ūnus, ūna, ūnum}}<br />one
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
|-
! Nominative
| ūnus || rowspan="2" | ūna || rowspan="3" | ūnum || rowspan="2" | ūnī || rowspan="2" | ūnae || rowspan="3" | ūna
|-
! Vocative
| ūne
|-
! Accusative
| ūnum || ūnam || ūnōs || ūnās
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="3" | ūnīus / ūnius || ūnōrum || ūnārum || ūnōrum
|-
! Dative
| colspan="3" | ūnī || rowspan="2" colspan="3" | ūnīs
|-
! Ablative
| ūnō || ūnā || ūnō
|}

The word {{wikt-lang|la|ambō}} ('both'), is declined like ''duo'' except that its ''o'' is long. Both declensions derive from the Indo-European [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual number]], otherwise defunct in Latin, rather than the plural.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="3" | ||colspan="3"| {{wikt-lang|la|duo|duo, duae, duo}}<br />two
|-
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine || Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|duo ||duae || rowspan="2" | duo
|-
! Accusative
| duō(s)|| duās
|-
! Genitive
| duōrum || duārum || duōrum
|-
! Dative, Ablative
|duōbus ||duābus ||duōbus
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" | ||colspan="3"| {{wikt-lang|la|ambō|ambō, ambae, ambō}}<br />both
|-
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine || Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
| ambō || ambae || rowspan="2" | ambō
|-
! Accusative
| ambō(s)|| ambās
|-
! Genitive
| ambōrum || ambārum || ambōrum
|-
! Dative, Ablative
|ambōbus ||ambābus ||ambōbus
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" | || colspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|tres|trēs, tria}}<br />three
|-
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine, Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|trēs || rowspan="2" | tria
|-
! Accusative
|trēs / trīs
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2" | trium
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="2" | tribus
|}

The numeral {{wikt-lang|la|centum}} ('one hundred') is indeclinable, but all the other hundred numerals are declinable ({{wikt-lang|la|ducentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|trecentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|quadringentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|quīngentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|sescentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|septingentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|octingentī}}, {{wikt-lang|la|nōngentī}}).

{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="3" | ||colspan="3"| {{wikt-lang|la|ducenti|ducentī, ducentae, ducenta}}<br />two hundred
|-
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Masculine || Feminine || Neuter
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
|ducentī ||ducentae || rowspan="2" | ducenta
|-
! Accusative
| ducentōs || ducentās
|-
! Genitive
| ducentōrum || ducentārum || ducentōrum
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| colspan="3" | ducentīs
|}

The word ''mīlle'' 'thousand' is a singular indeclinable adjective. However, its plural, ''mīlia'', is a plural third-declension ''i''-stem neuter noun. To write the phrase "four thousand horses" in Latin, the genitive is used: ''quattuor mīlia equōrum'', literally, "four thousands of horses".

{| class="wikitable"
!
! {{wikt-lang|la|mīlle}}<br />(one) thousand
! colspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|mīlia, mīlium}}<br />x thousand,<br />thousands
|-
! Nominative, Vocative
| rowspan="4" | mīlle || rowspan="2" | mīl(l)ia || rowspan="2" | '''-ia'''
|-
! Accusative
|-
! Genitive
| mīl(l)ium || '''-ium'''
|-
! Dative, Ablative
| mīl(l)ibus ||'''-ibus'''
|}

The rest of the numbers are indeclinable whether used as adjectives or as nouns.

For further information on the different sets of Latin numerals, see [[Latin numerals (linguistics)]].