Editing International Space Station (section)

=== Fleet operations ===
Various crewed and uncrewed spacecraft have supported the station's activities. Flights to the ISS include 37 Space Shuttle, <!-- current to Progress MS-30 -->91 Progress,{{Efn|Including the modified DC-1, M-MIM2 and M-UM module transports}} <!-- current to Soyuz MS-27 -->72 Soyuz, 5 [[Automated Transfer Vehicle|ATV]], 9 [[H-II Transfer Vehicle|HTV]], <!-- OFT-2 and CFT -->2 [[Boeing Starliner]], <!-- Current to Crew-10, CRS-32 and Ax-3 -->47 [[SpaceX Dragon]]{{Efn|Includes both crewed and uncrewed missions}} and <!-- Current to CRS NG-21 -->20 [[Cygnus (spacecraft)|Cygnus]] missions.<ref name="spacecom-20210810">{{Cite news|url=https://www.space.com/northrop-grumman-heaviest-cygnus-cargo-ship-launch|title=Antares rocket launches heaviest Cygnus cargo ship ever to space station for NASA|last=Thompson|first=Amy|date=10 August 2021|access-date=11 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405033657/https://www.space.com/northrop-grumman-heaviest-cygnus-cargo-ship-launch|archive-date=5 April 2023|work=[[Space.com]]}}</ref>

There are currently eight docking ports for visiting spacecraft, with four additional ports installed but not yet put into service:<ref name="her">{{Cite conference|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20110010964/downloads/20110010964.pdf|title=ISS Interface Mechanisms and their Heritage|last1=Cook|first1=John|last2=Aksamentov|first2=Valery|last3=Hoffman|first3=Thomas|last4=Bruner|first4=Wes|date=September 2011|publisher=[[Boeing]]|location=Houston, Texas|access-date=31 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810133110/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20110010964/downloads/20110010964.pdf|archive-date=10 August 2023|quote=Docking is when one incoming spacecraft rendezvous with another spacecraft and flies a controlled collision trajectory in such a manner so as to align and mesh the interface mechanisms. The spacecraft docking mechanisms typically enter what is called soft capture, followed by a load attenuation phase, and then the hard docked position which establishes an air-tight structural connection between spacecraft. Berthing, by contrast, is when an incoming spacecraft is grappled by a robotic arm and its interface mechanism is placed in close proximity of the stationary interface mechanism. Then typically there is a capture process, coarse alignment and fine alignment and then structural attachment.|conference=AIAA Space}}</ref>

# ''[[Harmony (ISS module)|Harmony]]'' forward (with [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|''PMA 2'']] & [[International Docking Adapter|''IDA 2'']])
# ''Harmony'' zenith (with [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|''PMA 3'']] & [[International Docking Adapter|''IDA 3'']])
# ''Harmony'' nadir ([[Common Berthing Mechanism|CBM]] port)
# ''[[Unity (ISS module)|Unity]]'' nadir ([[Common Berthing Mechanism|CBM]] port)
# ''[[Prichal (ISS module)|Prichal]]'' aft{{Efn|The Prichal aft, forward, port and starboard ports still have their protective covers in place and have yet to be used since the module originally docked at the station.|name=Prichal}}
# ''Prichal'' forward{{Efn|name=Prichal}}
# ''Prichal'' nadir
# ''Prichal'' port{{Efn|name=Prichal}}
# ''Prichal'' starboard{{Efn|name=Prichal}}
# ''[[Poisk (ISS module)|Poisk]]'' zenith
# ''[[Rassvet (ISS module)|Rassvet]]'' nadir
# ''[[Zvezda (ISS module)|Zvezda]]'' aft

[[List of ship directions|Forward]] ports are at the front of the station in its usual orientation and direction of travel. [[List of ship directions|Aft]] is the opposite, at the rear. [[Nadir]] points toward Earth, while [[zenith]] points away from it. [[port and starboard|Port]] is to the left and [[port and starboard|starboard]] to the right when one's feet are toward Earth and one is facing forward, in the direction of travel.

Cargo spacecraft that will perform an orbital re-boost of the station will typically dock at an aft, forward or nadir-facing port.

==== Crewed ====
{{Main|List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station}}
[[File:Commercial Crew Program vehicles.jpg|thumb|Commercial Crew Program vehicles Starliner and Dragon]]

{{As of|2024|10|24|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/visitors-to-the-station-by-country/}}, 281 people representing 23 countries had visited the space station, many of them multiple times. The United States has sent 167 people, [[Russia]] has 61, [[Japan]] has sent 11, [[Canada]] has sent nine, [[Italy]] has sent six, [[France]] and [[Germany]] have each sent four, [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Sweden]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] have each sent two, and there has been one person from [[Belarus]], [[Belgium]], [[Brazil]], [[Denmark]], [[Israel]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Netherlands]], [[South Africa]], [[South Korea]], [[Spain]], [[Turkey]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="NASA Visitor Count 2023">{{cite web|last=Graf|first=Abby|title=Visitors to the Station by Country|website=NASA|date=24 October 2024|url=https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-visitors-by-country/|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref>

==== Uncrewed ====
{{Main|Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station}}
Uncrewed spaceflights are made primarily to deliver cargo, however several Russian modules have also docked to the outpost following uncrewed launches. Resupply missions typically use the Russian [[Progress (spacecraft)|Progress]] spacecraft, former European [[Automated Transfer Vehicle|ATVs]], Japanese [[Kounotori (spacecraft)|Kounotori]] vehicles, and the American [[SpaceX Dragon|Dragon]] and [[Cygnus (spacecraft)|Cygnus]] spacecraft.

==== Currently docked/berthed ====
[[File:Iss-04-22-25.png|thumb|Rendering of the ISS and visiting vehicles {{As of|2025|04|25|lc=y}}. [https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-visiting-vehicles/ Live link at nasa.gov] ]]
''All dates are [[UTC]]. Departure dates are the earliest possible ({{abbr|NET|not earlier than}}) and may change.''
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:90%;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" colspan="2" | Mission
! scope="col" | Type
! scope="col" | Spacecraft
! scope="col" | Arrival
! scope="col" | Departure
! scope="col" | Port
|-
| [[Progress MS-29]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| [[Progress MS]] No. 459
| 23&nbsp;November 2024
| May 2025
| [[Poisk (ISS module)|''Poisk'']] zenith
|-
| [[Progress MS-30]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| [[Progress MS]] No. 460
| 1&nbsp;March 2025
| August 2025
| [[Zvezda (ISS module)|''Zvezda'']] aft
|-
| [[SpaceX Crew-10|Crew-10]]
| {{flagicon|USA}}
| style="background:#cfc;" | Crewed
| {{ComV|Crew Dragon|C210}}
| 16&nbsp;March 2025
| July 2025
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] forward
|-
| [[Soyuz MS-27]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}}
| style="background:#cfc;" | Crewed
| [[Soyuz MS]] No. 758 ''Favor''
| 8&nbsp;April 2025
| 8&nbsp;December 2025
| [[Prichal (ISS module)|''Prichal'']] nadir
|-
| [[SpaceX CRS-32|CRS Spx-32]]
| {{flagicon|USA}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| {{ComV|Crew Dragon|C209}}
| 21&nbsp;April 2025
| 22&nbsp;May 2025
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] zenith
|}

==== Scheduled missions ====
''All dates are [[UTC]]. Launch dates are the earliest possible ({{abbr|NET|not earlier than}}) and may change.''

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:90%;"
! scope="col" colspan="2" | Mission
! scope="col" | Type
! scope="col" | Spacecraft
! scope="col" | Launch date<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rocket Launch Schedule|url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/|access-date=7 August 2024|website=Next Spaceflight}}</ref>
! scope="col" | Launch vehicle
! scope="col" | Launch site
! scope="col" | Launch provider
! scope="col" | Docking/berthing port
|-
| [[Axiom Mission 4|Ax-4]]
| {{flagicon|USA}}
| style="background:#cfc;" | Crewed
| {{ComV|Crew Dragon|213}}
| 8&nbsp;June 2025
| [[Falcon 9 Block 5|Falcon&nbsp;9]]
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC{{nbhyph}}39A]]
| [[SpaceX]]
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] zenith
|-
| [[Progress MS-31]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| [[Progress MS]] No.&nbsp;461
| 3&nbsp;July 2025
| [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz{{nbhyph}}2.1a]]
| [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]], [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site&nbsp;31/6]]
| [[Progress Rocket Space Centre|Progress]]
| [[Poisk (ISS module)|''Poisk'']] zenith
|-
| [[SpaceX Crew-11|Crew-11]]
| {{flagicon|USA}}
| style="background:#cfc;" | Crewed
| {{ComV|Crew Dragon|206}}
| July 2025
| [[Falcon 9 Block 5|Falcon 9]]
| TBD<!-- [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC{{nbhyph}}39A]] --or-- [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40|SLC{{nbhyph}}40]] -->
| [[SpaceX]]
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] zenith
|-
| [[Progress MS-32]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| [[Progress MS]] No.&nbsp;462
| 11&nbsp;September 2025 
| [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz{{nbhyph}}2.1a]]
| [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]], [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site&nbsp;31/6]]
| [[Progress Rocket Space Centre|Progress]]
| [[Zvezda (ISS module)|''Zvezda'']] aft
|-
| [[Cygnus NG-23|CRS NG-23]]
| {{flagicon|USA}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| [[Cygnus (spacecraft)|Cygnus]]
| September 2025
| [[Falcon 9 Block 5|Falcon 9]]
| TBD<!-- [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC{{nbhyph}}39A]] --or-- [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40|SLC{{nbhyph}}40]] -->
| [[SpaceX]]
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] or [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] nadir
|-
| [[SpaceX CRS-33|CRS SpX-33]]
| {{flagicon|USA}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| {{ComV|Cargo Dragon|TBD}}
| Q3 2025
| [[Falcon 9 Block 5|Falcon 9]]
| TBD<!-- [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC{{nbhyph}}39A]] --or-- [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40|SLC{{nbhyph}}40]] -->
| [[SpaceX]]
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] forward 
|-
| [[SSC Demo-1]]
| {{flagicon|USA}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| {{ComV|Dream Chaser|Tenacity}}
| Q3 2025
| [[Vulcan Centaur]]
| [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC{{nbhyph}}41]]
| [[United Launch Alliance|ULA]]
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] or [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] nadir
|-
| [[HTV-X1]]
| {{flagicon|Japan}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| [[HTV-X]]
| October 2025
| [[H3 (rocket)|H3{{nbhyph}}24L]]
| [[Tanegashima Space Center|Tanegashima]], [[Yoshinobu Launch Complex|LA{{nbhyph}}Y2]]
| [[JAXA]]
| [[Harmony (ISS module)|''Harmony'']] or [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] nadir
|-
| [[Soyuz MS-28]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}}
| style="background:#cfc;" | Crewed
| [[Soyuz MS]] No.&nbsp;759 ''Favor&nbsp;2''
| 27&nbsp;November 2025
| [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz{{nbhyph}}2.1a]]
| [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]], [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site&nbsp;31/6]]
| [[Progress Rocket Space Centre|Progress]]
| [[Rassvet (ISS module)|''Rassvet'']] nadir
|-
| [[Progress MS-33]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}}
| style="background:lightblue;" | Uncrewed
| [[Progress MS]] No.&nbsp;463
| 19&nbsp;December 2025 
| [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz{{nbhyph}}2.1a]]
| [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]], [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site&nbsp;31/6]]
| [[Progress Rocket Space Centre|Progress]]
| [[Poisk (ISS module)|''Poisk'']] zenith
|}

==== Docking and berthing of spacecraft ====
{{See also|Docking and berthing of spacecraft}}
[[File:Progress M-14M.jpg|thumb|The [[Progress M-14M]] resupply vehicle approaching the ISS in 2012. More than 50 unpiloted [[Progress (spacecraft)|Progress]] spacecraft have delivered supplies during the lifetime of the station.]]
The Russian spacecraft and can autonomously rendezvous and dock with the station without human intervention. Once within approximately {{Convert|200|km}}, the spacecraft begins receiving radio signals from the [[Kurs (docking navigation system)|Kurs docking navigation system]] on the station. As the spacecraft nears the station, laser-based optical equipment precisely aligns the craft with the docking port and controls the final approach. While the crew on the ISS and spacecraft monitor the procedure, their role is primarily supervisory, with intervention limited to issuing abort commands in emergencies. Although initial development costs were substantial, the system's reliability and standardized components have yielded significant cost reductions for subsequent missions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Woffinden|first1=David C.|last2=Geller|first2=David K.|date=July 2007|title=Navigating the Road to Autonomous Orbital Rendezvous|journal=Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets|volume=44|issue=4|pages=898–909|bibcode=2007JSpRo..44..898W|doi=10.2514/1.30734}}</ref>

The American [[SpaceX Dragon 2]] cargo and crewed spacecraft can autonomously rendezvous and dock with the station without human intervention. However, on crewed Dragon missions, the astronauts have the capability to intervene and fly the vehicle manually.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burghardt|first=Thomas|date=3 March 2019|title=Crew Dragon successfully conducts debut docking with the ISS|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/crew-dragon-first-docking-iss-dm1/|access-date=7 August 2024|website=NASASpaceFlight.com}}</ref>

[[File:ISS-36 HTV-4 berthing 2.jpg|thumb|Japan's [[Kounotori 4]] berthing]]
Other [[automated cargo spacecraft]] typically use a semi-automated process when arriving and departing from the station. These spacecraft are instructed to approach and park near the station. Once the crew on board the station is ready, the spacecraft is commanded to come close to the station, so that it can be grappled by an astronaut using the [[Mobile Servicing System]] robotic arm. The final mating of the spacecraft to the station is achieved using the robotic arm (a process known as berthing). Spacecraft using this semi-automated process include the American [[Cygnus (spacecraft)|Cygnus]] and the Japanese [[HTV-X]]. The now-retired American [[SpaceX Dragon 1]], European [[Automated Transfer Vehicle|ATV]] and Japanese [[H-II Transfer Vehicle|HTV]] also used this process.

==== Launch and docking windows ====
Prior to a spacecraft's docking to the ISS, navigation and attitude control ([[Guidance, navigation, and control|GNC]]) is handed over to the ground control of the spacecraft's country of origin. GNC is set to allow the station to drift in space, rather than fire its thrusters or turn using gyroscopes. The solar panels of the station are turned edge-on to the incoming spacecraft, so residue from its thrusters does not damage the cells. Before its retirement, Shuttle launches were often given priority over Soyuz, with occasional priority given to Soyuz arrivals carrying crew and time-critical cargoes, such as biological experiment materials.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Trinidad|first1=Katherine|last2=Thomas|first2=Candrea|date=22 May 2009|title=NASA's Space Shuttle Landing Delayed by Weather|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/may/HQ_09-118_Shuttle_Landing_Delayed.html|access-date=26 June 2015|publisher=NASA|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235001/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/may/HQ_09-118_Shuttle_Landing_Delayed.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>