Editing Freedom of the press (section)

==Implications of new technologies==
Many of the traditional means of delivering information are being slowly superseded by the increasing pace of modern technological advance. Almost every conventional mode of media and information dissemination has a modern counterpart that offers significant potential advantages to journalists seeking to maintain and enhance their freedom of speech. A few simple examples of such phenomena include:
* [[Satellite television]] versus [[terrestrial television]]: Whilst terrestrial television is relatively easy to manage and manipulate, satellite television is much more difficult to control as journalistic content can easily be broadcast from other jurisdictions beyond the control of individual governments. An example of this in the Middle East is the satellite broadcaster [[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]]. This Arabic-language media channel operates out of [[Qatar]], whose government is relatively liberal compared to many of its neighboring states. As such, its views and content are often problematic to a number of governments in the region and beyond. However, because of the increased affordability and miniaturisation of satellite technology (e.g., dishes and receivers) it is simply not practicable for most states to control popular access to the channel.
* Internet-based publishing (e.g., [[blog]]ging, [[social media]]) vs. traditional [[publishing]]: Traditional magazines and newspapers rely on physical resources (e.g.,&nbsp;offices, printing presses) that can easily be targeted and forced to close down. Internet-based publishing systems can be run using ubiquitous and inexpensive equipment and can operate from any global jurisdiction. Nations and organisations are increasingly resorting to legal measures to take control of online publications, using national security, anti-terror measures and [[DMCA takedown|copyright laws]] to issue takedown notices and restrict opposition speech.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cpj.org/blog/2016/01/how-us-copyright-law-is-being-used-to-take-down-co.php|title=How U.S. copyright law is being used to take down Correa's critics in Ecuador – Committee to Protect Journalists|website=cpj.org|date=21 January 2016|access-date=2017-01-20|archive-date=2017-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120195203/https://cpj.org/blog/2016/01/how-us-copyright-law-is-being-used-to-take-down-co.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Internet, anonymity software and [[strong cryptography]]: In addition to Internet-based publishing, the Internet (in combination with anonymity software such as [[Tor (network)|Tor]] and [[cryptography]]) allows for [[Source (journalism)|sources]] to remain anonymous and sustain confidentiality while delivering information to or [[secure communication|securely communicating]] with journalists anywhere in the world in an instant (e.g. [[SecureDrop]], [[WikiLeaks]]).
* [[VOIP|Voice over Internet protocol]] (VOIP) vs. conventional [[telephony]]: Although conventional telephony systems are easily tapped and recorded, modern VOIP technology can employ low-cost strong cryptography to evade surveillance. As VOIP and similar technologies become more widespread they are likely to make the effective monitoring of journalists (and their contacts and activities) a very difficult task for governments.

Governments are responding to the challenges posed by new media technologies by deploying increasingly sophisticated technology of their own (a notable example being China's attempts to impose control through a state-run [[internet service provider]] that controls access to the Internet).