Editing Frankfurt (section)

==Cityscape==

===Landmarks===
'''Römer'''
[[File:Frankfurter Römer.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Römer]], the city hall]]
[[Römer]], the German word for [[Rome|Roman]], is a complex of nine houses that form the Frankfurt [[city hall]] (''Rathaus''). The houses were acquired by the city council in 1405 from a wealthy merchant family. The middle house became the city hall and was later connected with its neighbors. The ''Kaisersaal'' ("Emperor's Hall") is located on the upper floor and is where the newly crowned emperors held their banquets. The Römer was partially destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. The surrounding square, the Römerberg, is named after the city hall.

[[File:Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The [[Dom-Römer Project|New Frankfurt Old Town]] was completed in 2018, including 15 reconstructed historical buildings.]]
The former [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] (old town) quarter between the Römer and the Frankfurt Cathedral was redeveloped as the [[Dom-Römer Project|Dom-Römer Quarter]] from 2012 to 2018, including 15 [[Reconstruction (architecture)|reconstructions]] of historical buildings that were destroyed during World War II.

==== German National Library ====
[[File:Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek,_Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|DNB building in Frankfurt]]
Frankfurt is one of two sites of the [[German National Library]] (''Deutsche Nationalbibliothek''), the other being [[Leipzig]]. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek is a [[universal library]] in Germany. Its task, unique in Germany, is to collect, permanently archive, comprehensively document and record bibliographically all German and German-language publications from 1913 on, foreign publications about Germany, translations of German works and the works of German-speaking emigrants published abroad between 1933 and 1945, and to make them available to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=§ 2 DNBG – Einzelnorm |url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321140624/http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html |archive-date=21 March 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |website=www.gesetze-im-internet.de}}</ref>

'''Frankfurt Cathedral'''

[[Frankfurt Cathedral]] (Frankfurter Dom) is not a cathedral, but the main Catholic church, dedicated to [[Bartholomew the Apostle|St. Bartholomew]]. The [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] building was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the [[Merovingian]] time. From 1356 onwards, kings of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] were elected in this church, and from 1562 to 1792, [[Holy Roman Empire|Roman-German]] emperors were crowned there.

Since the 18th century, St. Bartholomew's has been called ''Dom'', although it was never a bishop's seat. In 1867 it was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in its present style. It was again partially destroyed in [[World War II]] and rebuilt in the 1950s. Its height is 95 meters. The cathedral tower has a viewing platform open to the public at a height of 66 meters, accessed through a narrow spiral staircase with 386 steps.
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Frankfurter Dom Eiserner Steg.jpg
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| caption1 = [[Frankfurt Cathedral]]
| image2 = Frankfurt Am Main-Samstagsberg von Suedwesten-20110705.jpg
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| caption2 = [[Römerberg (Frankfurt)|Römerberg]]
| image3 = Frankfurt Paulskirche außen 2011a.jpg
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| caption3 = [[St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt|St. Paul's Church]]
}}

'''St. Paul's Church'''

[[St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt|St. Paul's Church]] (''Paulskirche'') is a national historic monument in Germany because it was the seat of the first democratically elected parliament in 1848. It was established in 1789 as a [[Protestant]] church, but was not completed until 1833. Its importance has its roots in the [[Frankfurt Parliament]], which met in the church during the revolutionary years of 1848/49 in order to write a constitution for a united Germany. The attempt failed because the monarchs of [[Prussia]] and Austria did not want to lose power. In 1849, Prussian troops ended the democratic experiment by force and the parliament dissolved; the building was once more used for religious services.

St. Paul's was partially destroyed in World War II with its interior significantly damaged. It was quickly and symbolically rebuilt after the war albeit with modern alterations particularly to the interior; today it is used mainly for exhibitions and events.

'''Archäologischer Garten Frankfurt'''

The Archaeological Garden contains small parts of the oldest recovered buildings: an ancient Roman settlement and the Frankfurt Royal Palace (''Kaiserpfalz Frankfurt'') from the sixth century. The garden is located between the Römerberg and the cathedral. It was discovered after World War II when the area was heavily bombed and later partly rebuilt. The remains were preserved and are now open to the public. From 2013 until 2015 an event building, the Stadthaus ("City house"), has been built on top of the garden, but it remains open to the public free of charge.

'''Haus Wertheim'''

Wertheim House is the only [[Timber framing|timbered house]] in the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district that survived the heavy bombings of World War II undamaged. It is located on the Römerberg next to the Historical Museum.

'''Saalhof'''

The [[Saalhof]] is the oldest conserved building in the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district and dates to the 12th century. It was used as an exhibition hall by Dutch [[cloth merchant|clothiers]] when trade fairs were held during the 14th and 15th centuries. The Saalhof was partly destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. Today it serves as a part of the [[Historical museum, Frankfurt|Historical Museum]].

'''Eiserner Steg'''

The Eiserner Steg (Iron Bridge) is a pedestrian-only bridge across the Main that connects Römerberg and Sachsenhausen. It was built in 1868 and was the second bridge to cross the river. After World War II, when it was blown up by the [[Wehrmacht]], it was quickly rebuilt in 1946. Today some 10,000 people cross the bridge on a daily basis.

'''Alte Oper'''
[[File:Alte Oper Frankfurt Winter 2008.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Alte Oper]], now a concert hall, at Opernplatz]]
The [[Alte Oper]] is a former [[opera house]], hence the name "Old Opera". The opera house was built in 1880 by architect Richard Lucae. It was one of the major opera houses in Germany until it was heavily damaged in World War II. Until the late 1970s, it was a ruin, nicknamed "Germany's most beautiful ruin". Former Frankfurt [[Lord Mayor]] Rudi Arndt called for blowing it up in the 1960s, which earned him the nickname "Dynamite-Rudi". (Later on, Arndt said he never had meant his suggestion seriously.)

Public pressure led to its refurbishment and reopening in 1981. Today, it functions as a famous concert hall, while operas are performed at the "new" Frankfurt Opera. The inscription on the [[frieze]] of the Alte Oper says: "''Dem Wahren, Schönen, Guten''" ("To the true, the beautiful, the good").

'''Eschenheimer Turm'''

The Eschenheim Tower (''[[Eschenheimer Turm]]'') was erected at the beginning of the 15th century and served as a city gate as part of late-medieval fortifications. It is the oldest and most unaltered building in the [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] district.

'''St. Catherine's Church'''

[[St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt|St. Catherine's Church]] (''Katharinenkirche'') is the largest [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant]] church, dedicated to [[Catherine of Alexandria]], a [[martyr]]ed early Christian saint. It is located downtown at the entrance to the Zeil, the central pedestrian shopping street.

'''Hauptwache'''

Although today [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] is mostly associated with the inner-city underground train station [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptwache station|of the same name]], the name originates from a [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] building on the square above the station. The Hauptwache building was constructed in 1730 and was used as a prison, therefore the name that translates as "main guard-house". Today the square surrounding the building is also called "Hauptwache" (formal: ''An der Hauptwache''). It is situated downtown opposite to St. Catherine's Church.
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Frankfurt Main Hauptwache Katharinenkirche 20120707.jpg
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| caption1 = [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] and [[St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt|St. Catherine's Church]]
| image2 = Frankfurt Nextower.20130514.jpg
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| caption2 = [[Eschenheimer Turm]]
| image3 = Frankfurt Main Hauptbahnhof 6229.jpg
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| caption3 = [[Frankfurt Central Station]]
}}

'''Central Station'''

[[Frankfurt Central Station]] (''Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof''), which opened in 1888, was built as the central train station for Frankfurt to replace three smaller downtown train stations and to boost the needed capacity for travellers. It was constructed as a [[Terminal station|terminus station]] and was the largest train station in Europe by floor area until 1915 when [[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof|Leipzig Central Station]] was opened. Its three main halls were constructed in a [[Renaissance Revival architecture|neorenaissance]]-style, while the later enlargement with two outer halls in 1924 was constructed in [[neoclassicism|neoclassic]]-style.

'''Frankfurter Hof'''

The Frankfurter Hof is a landmark downtown hotel at Kaiserplatz, built from 1872 to 1876. It is part of [[Steigenberger Hotels]] group and is considered the city's most prestigious.

'''St. Leonhard'''

[[St. Leonhard, Frankfurt|St. Leonhard]], on the Main close to the bridge Eiserner Steg, is a Catholic [[Gothic architecture|late Gothic]] [[hall church]], derived from a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque style]] [[basilica]] beginning in 1425. It is the only one of nine churches in the Old Town that survived World War II almost undamaged. The parish serves the English-speaking community. The church has been under restoration from 2011 until 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html |title=Gläubige dürfen zurück in uralte Leonhardskirche in Frankfurt |date=15 February 2019 |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427223541/https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Gründerzeit quarters'''

Around the city centre there are wide spread quarters full of [[Gründerzeit#Design and architecture|Gründerzeit architecture]]. Buildings of that typ often sport richly-decorated façades in the form of Historicism such as Gothic Revival, Renaissance Revival, German Renaissance and Baroque Revival.

<gallery mode="packed" >
  Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg|[[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]
  Frankfurt, Beethovenstraße 71.jpg|[[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]]
  Frankfurt am Main - Nordend.JPG|[[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]]
  Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg|[[Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bornheim]]
</gallery>

'''Timber framed old towns'''

Around the city center of Frankfurt are several former independent villages, now part of the city, with [[timber framed]] centres and even whole old towns like [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]], [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]], [[Niederursel]] and [[Bergen-Enkheim]]. Overall there are around 14.500 buildings in Frankfurt built before 1919<ref name="zensus2011.de"/> and around 3.000 of them are [[timber framed]] houses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerner| first1=Manfred |title=Fachwerk in Frankfurt am Main |date=1979 |publisher=Frankfurter Sparkasse |location=Frankfurt am Main |isbn=3-7829-0217-3 |page=79}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" >
  Hoechster Altstadt September 2010 Pano 1.jpg|[[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]] old town
  Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg|[[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]] 
  Niederursel, Alt-Niederursel 29-31 (1).jpg|[[Niederursel]] 
  Bergerrathaus2.JPG|[[Bergen-Enkheim]]
</gallery>

===20th-century architecture===
*'''[[Frauenfriedenskirche]]''' and '''[[Holy Cross Church, Frankfurt-Bornheim|Holy Cross Church]]'''), both consecrated in 1929, are examples of early modernist church buildings during the time of the [[New Frankfurt]].
*'''[[Großmarkthalle]]''', built 1926–1928 as a part of the [[New Frankfurt]]-project, the former wholesale market hall was repaired after the second world war and integrated into the new [[seat of the European Central Bank]] between 2010 and 2014.
*'''[[Goethe House]]''', rebuilt 1947. The birthplace of [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] from 1749 was destroyed in World War II and then rebuilt true to the original.
*'''Junior-Haus''', built 1951, an example of early post-World War II architecture located at Kaiserplatz.
*'''Bayer-Haus''', built 1952, another example of early post-World War II architecture. 
*'''[[Museum für angewandte Kunst Frankfurt|Museum für angewandte Kunst]]''', built 1985, designed by [[Richard Meier]].
*'''[[IG Farben Building]]''' – Also known as '''Poelzig Building''' (''Poelzig-Bau'') after its architect [[Hans Poelzig]], it was built from 1928 to 1930 as the corporate headquarters of [[IG Farben|I.G. Farbenindustrie AG]]. It is located in the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] district and borders [[Grüneburgpark]] in the west. Upon its completion, the complex was the [[List of largest buildings in the world|largest office building]] in Europe and remained so until the 1950s. The building served as headquarters for research projects relating to the development of [[synthetic oil]] and [[synthetic rubber|rubber]] and the manufacturing of [[magnesium]], lubricating oil, explosives, [[methanol]], and [[Zyklon B]], the lethal gas used in [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]].<ref name="Robertson, Staun">{{cite web |url=http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//ZyklonB.html |title=Zyklon B Poison Gas |author=Robertson, Staun |work=A History of Jews in Hamburg |publisher=University of Hamburg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222023331/http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//police101.html |archive-date=22 February 2008}}</ref><ref name="Historical Frankfurt">{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/tourismussuite/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/half-timbered_houses.html?haus_id=110217&resname=/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/index.html |title=Poelzig Building / Westend Campus |work=Historical Frankfurt |publisher=Tourismus+Congress GmbH |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929175832/http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/tourismussuite/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/half-timbered_houses.html?haus_id=110217&resname=%2Fen%2Fsightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main%2Fsights_travel_guide%2Fhistoric_sights%2Findex.html |archive-date=29 September 2011}}</ref> After World War II, it served as the headquarters for the [[Supreme Allied Commander|Supreme Allied Command]] and from 1949 to 1952 the High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG). It became the principal location for implementing the [[Marshall Plan]], which largely financed the post-war reconstruction of Europe. The state apparatus of the [[West Germany|Federal German Government]] was devised there. It served as the headquarters for the [[U.S. V Corps|US Army's V Corps]] and the Northern Area Command (NACOM) until 1995 when the US Army returned control of the IG Farben Building to the German government. It was purchased on behalf of the [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] by the state of [[Hesse]]. In October 2001 it became part of the Westend Campus of Goethe University.
{{wide image|IG Farben Gebaeude Uni Frankfurt.jpg|800px|[[IG Farben Building]], now the central lecture building of the Westend Campus of the Goethe University}}

===21st-century architecture===
[[File:The Squaire, Frankfurt am Main-1060.jpg|thumb|The Squaire in 2017]]
*'''Die Welle''' (''The Wave''), built 1998–2003, a complex of three wavelike-formed office buildings next to the Opernplatz.
*'''Alte Stadtbibliothek''', rebuilt 2003–2005, reconstruction of the old public library house originally built 1820–1825.
*'''[[Palais Thurn und Taxis]]''', rebuilt 2004–2009, reconstruction of a palace originally built 1731–1739.
*'''[[MyZeil]]''', built 2004–2009, shopping mall at the Zeil with an imposing vaulted glass-structure.
*'''[[The Squaire]]''' ([[portmanteau]] of ''square'' and ''air''), also known as '''Airrail Center Frankfurt''', is a {{cvt|660|m|2}} long and {{cvt|45|m|2}} tall office building located at [[Frankfurt Airport]]. It was built from 2006 to 2011 on top of an existing railway station ([[Frankfurt Airport long-distance station|Frankfurt Airport long distance Station]]) and has a connecting bridge to Terminal 1 for pedestrians. Its total of {{cvt|140000|m²|0}} rentable floor space makes it Germany's largest office building.

===Skyscrapers===
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt}}
{{wide image|Frankfurt am Main Skyline (51395421615).jpg|800px|View of Frankfurt from the [[Taunus]]}}

Frankfurt is unique among German cities with regards to [[skyscraper]]s. Since the 1970s some of the tallest buildings in Germany have been built along the Mainzer Landstrasse. The [[Main Tower]] was completed in 1999 with its top floor skydeck and penthouse restaurant designed to be open to tourists.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Georges Binder |title=Tall Buildings of Europe, Middle East and Africa |year=2006 |publisher= Images |isbn=9781876907815 |page=14}}</ref> Frankfurt hosts 20 out of Germany's 21 [[List of tallest buildings in Germany|skyscrapers]]. Most skyscrapers and high-rise office buildings are located in the financial district ([[Bankenviertel]]), around the trade fair premises ([[Europaviertel (Frankfurt)|Europaviertel]]) and at [[Mainzer Landstraße]] between Opernplatz and Platz der Republik, which connects the two areas.

The 20 skyscrapers are:
*'''[[Commerzbank Tower]]''', {{cvt|259.0|m|2}} – designed by [[Norman Foster]], when the tower was completed in 1997 it was the tallest building in Europe with 259 meters. It is still the tallest building in Frankfurt and constructed in steel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/frankfurt/things-to-do/most-beautiful-buildings-in-frankfurt |title=The 10 most beautiful buildings in Frankfurt |date=25 March 2018 |publisher=TimeOut}}</ref>
*'''[[Messeturm]]''', {{cvt|256.5|m|2}} – The EU's third-tallest building, the tallest building in Europe 1990–1997; main tenant is [[Goldman Sachs]] (Germany).
*'''[[Four (Frankfurt)|Four I]]''', {{cvt|233.0|m|2}} 
*'''[[Westend Tower]]''', {{cvt|208.0|m|2}} – [[DZ Bank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Main Tower]]''', {{cvt|200.0|m|2}} – [[Helaba|Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen]] and [[Standard & Poor's]] (Germany) headquarters 
*'''[[Tower 185]]''', {{cvt|200.0|m|2}} – [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] (Germany) headquarters 
*''' ONE ''', {{cvt|191|m|2}}
*'''[[Omniturm]]''', {{cvt|190.0|m|2}}
*'''[[Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)|Trianon]]''', {{cvt|186.0|m|2}} – [[DekaBank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Seat of the European Central Bank]]''', {{cvt|185.0|m|2}} – [[European Central Bank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Grand Tower (Frankfurt am Main)|Grand Tower]]''', {{cvt|179.9|m|2}} – Tallest residential tower
*'''[[Four (Frankfurt)|Four I]]''', {{cvt|179.0|m|2}} – Residential tower
*'''[[Opernturm]]''', {{cvt|170.0|m|2}} – [[UBS]] (Germany) headquarters 
*'''[[Taunusturm]]''', {{cvt|170.0|m|2}}
*'''[[Silberturm]]''', {{cvt|166.3|m|2}} – Germany's tallest building 1978–1990, Main tenant is [[Deutsche Bahn]].
*'''[[Westend Gate]]''', {{cvt|159.3|m|2}} – Germany's tallest building 1976–1978, Main tenant is [[Marriott International|Marriott]] Frankfurt Hotel.
*'''[[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers|Deutsche Bank I]]''', {{cvt|155.0|m|2}} – [[Deutsche Bank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers|Deutsche Bank II]]''', {{cvt|155.0|m|2}} 
*'''[[Marienturm]]''', {{cvt|155.0|m|2}}
*'''[[Skyper]]''', {{cvt|153.8|m|2}} – Main tenant is DekaBank.

Other high-rise buildings include:
*'''[[Eurotower (Frankfurt)|Eurotower]]''', {{cvt|148.0|m|2}} – [[European Central Bank|Former European Central Bank headquarters]] 
*'''One Forty West''', {{cvt|145|m|2}} – [[Meliá Hotels International]], Residential
*'''[[Frankfurter Büro Center]]''', {{cvt|142.4|m|2}} – Main tenant is [[Clifford Chance]] (Germany).
*'''[[City-Haus]]''', {{cvt|142.1|m|2}} – Main tenant is DZ Bank.
*'''[[Gallileo (skyscraper)|Gallileo]]''', {{cvt|136.0|m|2}} – Main tenant is Commerzbank.

{{Panorama
|image   = Frankfurt Skyline Pano.Südwest.20130618.jpg
|height  = 250px
|width   = 
|alt     = Frankfurt skyline in June 2013, view from south-west
|caption = Frankfurt skyline in June 2013, view from south-west
|dir     = 
|align   = center
}}

===History of high-rise buildings===
{{see also|List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt}}
[[File:Skyline-sued-ffm002 henninger turm.jpg|thumb|right|The original Henninger Turm in 2007]]
[[File:Frankfurt Skyline (16259801511).jpg|thumb|upright=1.00|Skyline at dusk, seen from Deutschherrnbrücke (2014)]]
For centuries, [[Frankfurt Cathedral|St. Bartholomeus's Cathedral]] was the tallest structure. The first building to exceed the 95-meter-high cathedral was not an office building but a [[grain silo]] {{cvt|120|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} high.{{citation needed||date=March 2025}} The [[Henninger Turm]] was opened in the 1960s and the silo was topped by a [[revolving restaurant]] designed to be a landmark. The Henninger Turm was extensively refurbished and is now a residential high-rise.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Meixner Schlueter Wendt |title=Henninger Turm Frankfurt am Main |url=https://www.meixner-schlueter-wendt.de/en/projects/henninger-turm/ |date=2018}}</ref>

The first high-rise building boom came in the 1970s when [[Westend Gate]] (then called ''Plaza Büro Center'') and [[Silberturm]] were constructed and became the tallest buildings in Germany with a height of 159.3 meters and 166.3 meters, respectively. Around the same time, [[Frankfurter Büro Center]] and [[City-Haus]] (142.4 meters and 142.1 meters) were constructed at Mainzer Landstraße and [[Eurotower (Frankfurt)|Eurotower]] (148.0 meters) and [[Garden Tower]] (127.0 meters; then called ''Helaba-Hochhaus'') were constructed in the financial district.

None of the buildings constructed during the 1980s surpassed Silberturm. The most famous buildings from this decade are the [[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers]] at Taunusanlage, both 155.0 meters tall.

The 1990s featured a second wave. [[Messeturm]], built on the trade fair site, reached a height of {{convert|256.5|m|sp=us}} and became the tallest building in Europe by 1991. It was overtaken by the {{cvt|259|m|ft|adj=mid|-high|sp=us}} [[Commerzbank Tower]] in 1997. Other tall buildings from this decade are [[Westendstrasse 1]] ({{convert|208|m|sp=us}}), [[Main Tower]] ({{convert|200|m|sp=us}}) and [[Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)|Trianon]] ({{convert|186|m|sp=us}}).

In 21st-century Frankfurt, more high-rise buildings and skyscrapers (e.g., [[Skyper]], [[Opernturm]], [[Tower 185]], [[Seat of the European Central Bank]], [[Taunusturm]]) emerged, but none have surpassed Commerzbank Tower.

===Other tall structures===
[[File:Europaturm Abend.jpg|thumb|right|Top of the [[Europaturm]], a {{cvt|337|m|ft}} communications tower]]
*'''[[Europaturm]] —''' The Europe Tower is a [[Radio masts and towers|telecommunications tower]], also known as the Frankfurt TV Tower, built from 1974 to 1979. With a height of 337.5 meters it is the tallest tower and the second tallest structure in Germany after the [[Fernsehturm Berlin]]. It was open to the public until 1999, with an entertainment establishment in the revolving top. It is normally referred to by locals as the "Ginnheimer Spargel" (''Ginnheim Asparagus''), but stands a few meters within [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]] district.
*'''[[Henninger Turm]] —''' The Henninger Tower was a 120-mete-high [[grain silo]] built from 1959 to 1961 and owned by [[Henninger Brewery]]. It was the highest structure until 1974. The Henninger Tower had two rotating restaurants at the height of 101 and 106 meters and an open-air observation deck at the height of 110 meters. The tower closed to the public in October 2002 and was demolished in 2013 to be replaced by a 140&nbsp;m (459&nbsp;ft) tall residential tower, which is externally inspired by the old Henninger Turm. The cornerstone for this project was laid in June 2014 and construction was completed in summer 2017. The new tower offers 207 luxury flats<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.baunetz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Baubeginn_fuer_Henninger-Turm_in_Frankfurt_3947903.html |title=Transformation des Bestands – Baubeginn für Henninger-Turm in Frankfurt |date=27 June 2014 |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417234649/https://www.baunetz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Baubeginn_fuer_Henninger-Turm_in_Frankfurt_3947903.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and houses the non-rotating restaurant "Franziska". From 1962 to 2008 a famous yearly [[Road bicycle racing|cycling race]] was named after the tower, the "Radrennen Rund um den Henninger Turm" (''Cycling race around Henninger Tower''). The now-renamed race is still a yearly event.
*'''[[Goethe Tower|Goetheturm]] –''' The Goethe Tower was a {{cvt|43|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} tower on the northern edge of the [[Frankfurt City Forest]] in [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]. It was the fifth tallest wood construction structure in Germany. It was built in 1931 and was a popular place for day-trippers until it burned down in 2017. A faithful reconstruction has been opened to the public on 12 October 2020, exactly three years after the original's destruction.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/der-neue-goetheturm-wird-ganz-wie-der-alte,goetheturm-wiederaufbau-100.html |title=Der neue Goetheturm wird ganz wie der alte |date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Hessenschau |access-date=17 November 2017 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118195740/http://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/der-neue-goetheturm-wird-ganz-wie-der-alte,goetheturm-wiederaufbau-100.html |archive-date=18 November 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Shopping streets===
[[File:Frankfurt Am Main-Zeil-Ansicht vom Maintower am fruehen Abend-20110328.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Zeil]], Frankfurt's central shopping street]]
*'''[[Zeil]]''' – Frankfurt's central shopping street is a mile long and has been a shopping destination for more than a century. Only the western half of Zeil is pedestrianized. [[MyZeil]] is a stereotypical shopping mall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/insider-guide-frankfurt/index.html |author=Joe Yogerst |title=Visiting Frankfurt? Insiders share tips |publisher=CNN Travel|date=25 March 2017}}</ref> Three more shopping malls occupy the Zeil: UpperZeil (replacing the [[Zeilgalerie]], which was demolished in 2016), [[Metro AG|Galeria Kaufhof]] and [[Arcandor|Karstadt]], as well as large fashion retail clothing stores from [[Peek & Cloppenburg]] and [[C&A]]. During the month before Christmas, the extended pedestrian-only zone is host to [[Frankfurt Christmas Market]], one of the largest and oldest Christmas markets in Germany. Zeil is bordered by two large public squares, [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] in the west and [[Konstablerwache]] in the east. It is the second most expensive street for shops to rent in Germany after the [[Kaufingerstraße]] in Munich. 85 percent of the shops are retail chains such as [[H&M]], [[Saturn (store)|Saturn]], [[Esprit Holdings|Esprit]], [[Zara (retailer)|Zara]] or [[NewYorker]]. 
*'''[[Goethestraße]]''' – Frankfurt's shopping destination for prestigious luxury shops like [[Louis Vuitton]], [[Prada]], [[Gucci]], [[Tiffany & Co.|Tiffany]], [[Giorgio Armani]], [[Versace]], [[Cartier SA|Cartier]], [[Burberry]], [[Vertu]] and [[Bulgari]].
*'''[[Freßgass]]''' – (officially ''Kalbächer Gasse'' and ''Große Bockenheimer Straße'') is a central pedestrian-only street section between Börsenstraße and Opernplatz. The name translates as "feeding alley" because of its high concentration of gastronomy, but lately prestigious shops (e.g., [[Apple Store]], [[Hugo Boss]], [[Porsche Design Group|Porsche Design]]) have moved here due to the lack of space in the neighboring [[Goethestraße]], displacing old, established restaurants, butchers and delicatessens.
*'''Berger Straße''' – Frankfurt's longest shopping street. It starts in the city center, runs through [[Nordend, Frankfurt|Nordend]] and [[Bornheim (Frankfurt)|Bornheim]] and ends in [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]]. The street is less crowded than the Zeil and offers a greater variety of smaller shops, restaurants and cafés.
*'''Leipziger Straße''' – Central shopping street in the Bockenheim district starting at Bockenheimer Warte going towards West. High density of shops for daily needs. 
*'''Braubachstraße''' – In the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district, close to the historic sites of the city, offers a large variety of art galleries, second-hand bookshops and antique shops.
*'''Münchener Straße''' – In the [[Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Bahnhofsviertel]] district, located between the central station and Willy-Brandt-Platz, is the most multicultural shopping street with many shops selling imported products mainly from Turkey, the Middle East and Asia.
*'''Kleinmarkthalle''' – (literally: ''Small Market Hall'') is a market hall close to Konstablerwache square offering fresh food and flowers. In addition to regional delicacies like [[green sauce]] imported goods are offered. The Kleinmarkthalle is the largest public marketplace in Frankfurt.
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Fressgass Ffm April 2011 EVA 8761.jpg
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| caption1 = Sidewalk cafés at [[Freßgass|Fressgass]]
| image2 = MyZeil Frankfurt Nacht.jpg
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| caption2 = Shopping mall [[MyZeil]]
| image3 = Goethestrasse Rothofstrasse Ffm.jpg
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| caption3 = Luxury shopping at [[Goethestraße]]
}}

===Green city===
[[File:FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg|thumb|[[Frankfurt City Forest]]]]
With a large forest, many parks, the Main riverbanks and the two botanical gardens, Frankfurt is considered a "green city": More than 50 percent of the area within the city limits are protected green areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2855&_ffmpar&#91;_id_inhalt&#93;=7187755 |title=Auf dem Weg zur Green City |publisher=Frankfurt.de |access-date=4 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927124027/https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2855&_ffmpar%255B_id_inhalt%255D=7187755 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

*'''Frankfurter Grüngürtel''' – The Green Belt is a ring-shaped public green space around the city. With 8,000 [[Hectare|ha]] it covers a third of the administrative area. It includes the Frankfurter Stadtwald (''[[Frankfurt City Forest]]'', Germany's largest forest within a city), the Schwanheimer Düne (''[[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Schwanheim]] [[Dune]]''), the Niddatal (''[[Nidda (river)|Nidda]] [[Valley]]''), the Niddapark, the Lohrberg (''Lohr Mountain'', Frankfurt's only [[vineyard]]), the Huthpark, the Enkheimer Ried (''[[Frankfurt-Bergen-Enkheim|Enkheim]] [[Marsh]]''), the Seckbacher Ried (''[[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]] [[Marsh]]'') and the Fechenheimer Mainbogen (a S-shaped part of the [[Main (river)|Main]] river in [[Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Fechenheim]]). The Green Belt is a [[protected area]] which means that housing is not allowed. The Green Belt was formally created in 1991 with its own constitution.
*'''Mainuferpark''' – The Mainuferpark (''Main Riverbanks Park'') is the common term to describe the inner-city Main riverbanks. It is an auto-free zone with large green areas that is popular with strollers and tourists, especially in the summertime, when it can become crowded. The southern riverbank, which continues further to [[Offenbach am Main]] and [[Hanau]], offers the best skyline views. The northern riverbank ends in the west at the former Westhafen (''West Harbor'', a residential housing area) and is growing to the east: A former industrial-used area between the new [[Seat of the European Central Bank]] and the Osthafen (''East Harbor'') has become a park named Hafenpark (''Harbor Park''), which offers outdoor courts for basketball, soccer and a skatepark.
*'''Wallanlagen''' – The [[Wallanlagen]] (former ''[[Defensive wall|ramparts]]'') relate to the former ring-shaped [[Defensive wall|city wall fortifications]] around the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] and the [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] district (abolished 1804–1812), now a series of parks. Building is not allowed, with a few exceptions, the most famous being the [[Alte Oper]] (built 1880) at the Opernplatz. The part between the northern Main riverbank and the Opernplatz, referred to officially as Taunusanlage and Gallusanlage, is locally known as "Central Park" (a reference to the [[Central Park|famous park]] in [[Manhattan]]), because of the skyscrapers which stand on both sides.
*'''Nizza Park''' – At the juncture of the northern Main riverbank and the Wallanlagen is a famous small park called Nizza. The name of the park recalls [[Nice]] in southern France, because it is one of the warmest areas with a nearly [[mediterranean climate]]. Numerous [[Mediterranean flora]] grow there and can survive outside during the winter.
*'''Garten des Himmlischen Friedens''' – "Garden of Heavenly Peace", named after the [[Tiananmen Square|Tiananmen Gate]] in Beijing, is a Chinese-styled park in the [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]] district and part of the larger Bethmannpark. It contains Chinese buildings, with building materials imported from China and built by Chinese workers in the 1980s. Hosts traditional Chinese plants and herbs.
*'''Other parks''' – The largest parks are the Niddapark (168 ha), the Ostpark (32 ha) and the [[Grüneburgpark]] (29 ha).