Editing East Germany (section)

=== Cinema ===
The prolific cinema of East Germany was headed by the ''Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft'' ([[DEFA]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=DEFA{{snd}}Stiftung{{snd}}Home |url=http://www.defa-stiftung.de |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426152958/http://www.defa-stiftung.de |archive-date=26 April 2008 |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Defa-stiftung.de}}</ref> which was subdivided in different local groups whose local teams shot and produced films. The East German industry became known worldwide for its productions, especially children's movies (''[[Das kalte Herz]]'', film versions of the [[Brothers Grimm]] fairy tales, and modern productions such as ''[[Das Schulgespenst]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |last=LISUM |first=Filmernst-Kinobüro im |title=Filmdatenbank {{!}} Das Schulgespenst {{!}} Inhalt |url=https://www.filmernst.de/Filme/Filmdetails.html?movie_id=24 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Filmernst {{!}} Das Kompetenzzentrum für Film – Schule – Kino im Land Brandenburg |language=de}}</ref>

[[Frank Beyer]]'s ''[[Jacob the Liar (1975 film)|Jakob der Lügner]]'' ("Jacob the Liar"), about [[the Holocaust]], and ''[[Fünf Patronenhülsen]]'' ("Five Cartridges"), about resistance against fascism, became internationally famous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Müller |first=Beate |title=Stasi-Zensur-Machtdiskurse: Publikationsgeschichten und Materialien zu Jurek Beckers Werk |date=2006 |publisher=[[Max Niemeyer Verlag]] |isbn=978-3-484-35110-3 |publication-place=Berlin |pages=129–30 |language=de}}</ref>

Films about daily life, such as ''[[The Legend of Paul and Paula|Die Legende von Paul und Paula]]'', by [[Heiner Carow]], and ''[[Solo Sunny]]'', directed by [[Konrad Wolf]] and [[Wolfgang Kohlhaase]], were very popular.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Heiduschke |first=Sebastian |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137322326_14 |title=The Women's Film, Konrad Wolf, and Defa After the "Biermann Affair": Solo Sunny (Konrad Wolf, 1980) |date=2013 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-1-137-32232-6 |publication-place=New York |pages=115–21 |doi=10.1057/9781137322326_14 |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref>

The film industry was remarkable for its production of ''[[Ostern]]'', or Western-like movies. In these films, [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] often took the role of displaced people who fight for their rights, in contrast to the [[Western (genre)|North American westerns]] of the time, where they were often either not mentioned at all or portrayed as villains. [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavs]] were often cast as Native Americans because of the small number of Native Americans in Europe. [[Gojko Mitić]] was well known in these roles, often playing the righteous, kindhearted, and charming [[Tribal chief|chief]] (as in ''[[The Sons of Great Bear|Die Söhne der großen Bärin]]'' directed by [[Josef Mach]]). He became an honorary [[Sioux]] chief when he visited the United States in the 1990s, and the television crew accompanying him showed the tribe one of his movies. American actor and singer [[Dean Reed]], an expatriate who lived in East Germany, also starred in several films. These films were part of the phenomenon of Europe producing alternative films about the colonization of the Americas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}}

Cinemas in the GDR also showed foreign films. Czechoslovak and Polish productions were more common, but certain Western movies were shown, though the numbers of these were limited because it cost foreign exchange to buy the licenses. Further, films representing or glorifying what the state viewed as capitalist ideology were not bought. Comedies enjoyed great popularity, such as the Danish ''[[Olsen-banden|Olsen Gang]]'' or movies with the French comedian [[Louis de Funès]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}}

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, several films depicting life in the GDR have been critically acclaimed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=Sheena |date=5 November 2019 |title=Films And The Fall Of The Berlin Wall: A Cinematic History, Post-1989 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sheenascott/2019/11/05/the-berlin-wall-and-the-cinema-films-made-after-1989/?sh=716591bb683e |journal=Forbes}}</ref> Some of the most notable were ''[[Good Bye Lenin!]]'' by [[Wolfgang Becker (director, born 1954)|Wolfgang Becker]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cook |first=Roger F. |date=28 June 2007 |title=Good Bye, Lenin!: Free-Market Nostalgia for Socialist Consumerism |journal=[[German Studies Canada#Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies|Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies]] |language=en |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=206–219 |doi=10.1353/smr.2007.0027 |issn=1911-026X |s2cid=201759614 |institution=[[German Studies Canada]]}}</ref> ''[[The Lives of Others|Das Leben der Anderen]]'' ("The Lives of Others") by [[Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck]] (which won the [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film]]) in 2006,<ref name="test">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0405094/awards 2006 Academy Award for "The Lives of Others"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010025327/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0405094/awards |date=10 October 2011}},</ref> and ''[[Alles auf Zucker!]]'' ("Go for Zucker") by Dani Levi. Each film is heavily infused with cultural nuances of life in the GDR.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Enns |first=Anthony |date=1 December 2007 |title=The politics of Ostalgie: post-socialist nostalgia in recent German film |journal=[[Screen (journal)|Screen]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=475–91 |doi=10.1093/screen/hjm049 |issn=0036-9543}}</ref>