Editing Zionist political violence (section)

==Irgun, Haganah and Lehi attacks==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2015}}
{{Main|List of Irgun attacks|Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine War}}
*'''June 30, 1924''' Dutch Jew [[Jacob Israël de Haan]] was assassinated by [[Avraham Tehomi]] on the orders of Haganah leader [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]]<ref name="DeHaan">{{Cite book| author = Shlomo Nakdimon |author2=Shaul Mayzlish  | title =  Deh Han : ha-retsah ha-politi ha-rishon be-Erets Yisraʼel / De Haan: The first political assassination in Palestine | year =1985 | language =he | publisher = Modan Press | location = Tel Aviv | edition=1st | oclc=21528172 }}</ref> for his anti-Zionist political activities and contacts with Arab leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cf.uba.uva.nl/nl/publicaties/treasures/text/t44.html |title=The Rosenthaliana's Jacob Israel de Haan Archive |author=Marijke T.C.Stapert-Eggen |publisher=University of Amsterdam Library |access-date=2008-06-20 |archive-date=2011-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526000444/http://cf.uba.uva.nl/nl/publicaties/treasures/text/t44.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''1937–1939''' During the later stages of the [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936-1939 Arab Revolt in Mandatory Palestine]] The Irgun conducted a campaign of violence against Palestinian Arab civilians resulting in the deaths of at least 250. The group also killed a number of Jews it deemed guilty of "treason."<ref>Perliger and Weinberg, 101.</ref><ref>J. Bowyer Bell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mCfwnAn9uBYC ''Terror out of Zion: the fight for Israeli independence''] (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977). pp.181</ref>
*'''July 15, 1938''' A bomb left in the vegetable market in Jerusalem by the Irgun injured 28.<ref>The TimesSaturday July 17, 1938</ref>
*'''July 25, 1938''' The Irgun threw a bomb into the melon market in Haifa resulting in 49 deaths.<ref>The Times Tuesday July 26, 1938</ref>
*'''November 6, 1944''' Lehi assassinated British minister [[Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne|Lord Moyne]] in [[Cairo]], [[Kingdom of Egypt]]. The action was condemned by the [[Yishuv]] at the time, but the bodies of the assassins were brought home from Egypt in 1975 to a state funeral and burial on [[Mount Herzl]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etzel.org.il/english/ac07.htm |title=The Hunting Season |access-date=August 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925234922/http://www.etzel.org.il/english/ac07.htm |archive-date=September 25, 2013 }} The 'Hunting Season'.</ref>
*'''1944–1945''' The killings of several suspected collaborators with the Haganah and the British mandate government during [[the Hunting Season]].
*'''1946''' Letter bombs sent to British officials, including foreign minister Ernst Bevin, by Lehi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walton |first1=Calder |title=Coat Bomb and Explosive Prosthesis: British Intel Files Reveal How the Zionist Stern Gang Terrorized London |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-british-intel-files-reveal-how-the-zionist-stern-gang-terrorized-london-1.5627474 |access-date=5 February 2019 |work=Haaretz |date=2 December 2017}}</ref>
*'''July 26, 1946''' The bombing of British administrative headquarters at the [[King David Hotel bombing|King David Hotel]], killing 91 people — 28 British, 41 Arab, 17 Jewish, and 5 others. Around 45 people were injured. In the literature about the [[Terrorism|practice]] and [[history of terrorism]], it has been called one of the most lethal terrorist attacks of the 20th century.<ref name="rapoport2004">Rapoport, D.C., ''The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism'', in Cronin, A. K. & Ludes, J. M. (eds.), ''Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy'', Georgetown University Press, 2004, Washington, DC., pp. 50-51</ref>
*'''1946''' Railways and British military airfields were attacked several times.
*'''October 31, 1946''' The [[1946 British Embassy bombing|bombing by the Irgun of the British Embassy in Rome]]. Nearly half the building was destroyed and 3 people were injured.<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=[[St Petersburg Times]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19461105&id=vL8wAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1E4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7048,7096754 |date=1946-11-05 |access-date=2010-04-08 |title=Jewish Terrorists Admit Bombing Embassy in Rome}}</ref>
*'''April 16, 1947''' An Irgun bomb placed at the Colonial Office in London failed to detonate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Time Bomb Found in London after British hang Gruner as Terrorist in Holy Land|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19470417&id=CzUxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0k4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5460,3280823&hl=en|website=Google News|publisher=St. Petersburg Times|access-date=17 November 2015|date=Apr 17, 1947}}</ref>  The woman arrested for planting the bomb, alias "Esther," was identified as a Jewess claiming French nationality by the Scotland Yard unit investigating Jewish terrorist activities.  The attack was linked to the 1946 Rome embassy bombing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Police Say Woman Bomb "Planter" Now in Custody|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/206021320|work=[[The Age]]|agency=A.A.P.|date=13 June 1947|quote=The woman, who is a Jewess, claims French nationality.  Officers of the special branch of Scotland Yard who have been investigating Jewish terrorist activities are satisfied the man who made the bomb is also under arrest.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=EUROPE-WIDE SEARCH FOR MAN WHO MADE BOMB|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/22421445|access-date=26 May 2018|work=[[The Argus (Melbourne)]]|agency=A.A.P|date=19 April 1947|quote=The bomb was of the same type as that used in the explosion at the i British Embassy in Rome last year! and in several other outrages by Jewish terrorists.}}</ref>
* '''14 June 1947''' The [[Reuters]] office in Tel Aviv was raided by "Jewish terrorists."<ref>{{cite news|title=Palestine Threat|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/206021320?searchTerm=1946%20embassy%20bomb%20rome%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=|access-date=26 May 2018|work=[[The Age]]|agency=A.A.P.|date=13 June 1947|quote=Jewish terrorists have raided Reuter's Tel Aviv office, where they forced the staff to lie on the floor.}}</ref>
*'''July 25, 1947''' [[The Sergeants affair]]: When death sentences were passed on two Irgun members, the Irgun kidnapped Sgt. Clifford Martin and Sgt. Mervyn Paice and threatened to kill them in retaliation if the sentences were carried out. When the threat was ignored, the hostages were killed. Afterwards, their bodies were taken to an orange grove and left hanging by the neck from trees. An [[improvised explosive device]] was set. This went off when one of the bodies was cut down, seriously wounding a British officer.<ref name=Britainsince1945>Britain Since 1945, David Childs P.34 para 1</ref>
*'''December 1947 – March 1948''' Numerous attacks on Palestinian Arabs in the context of civil war after the vote of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine.
*'''1947''' Letter bombs sent to the Truman White House by Lehi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pace |first1=Eric |title=Letter-Bombs Mailed to Truman in 1947 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/02/archives/letterbombs-mailed-to-truman-in-1947-truman-was-sent-bombs-book.html |access-date=5 February 2019 |work=New York Times |date=2 December 1972}}</ref>
*'''January 5–6, 1948''' The [[Semiramis Hotel bombing]], carried out by the Haganah (or, according to some sources, Irgun) resulted in the deaths of 24 to 26 people.
*'''April 1948''' The Deir Yassin massacre carried out by the Irgun and Lehi, killed between 107 and 120 Palestinian villagers,<ref name=numKilled>Kana'ana, Sharif and Zeitawi, Nihad (1987), "The Village of Deir Yassin," Bir Zeit, Bir Zeit University Press</ref> the estimate generally accepted by scholars.<ref>{{Cite book| last = Morris | first = Benny | author-link = Benny Morris | title = The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited | year = 2003 | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = Cambridge, UK; New York |isbn = 978-0-521-81120-0}}: Chapter 4: The second wave: the mass exodus, April–June 1948, Section: Operation Nahshon, page 238</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Milstein | first = Uri | author-link = Uri Milstein | title = History of the War of Independence IV: Out of Crisis Came Decision | publisher = University Press of America, Inc. | orig-year = 1987 | year = 1998 |location = Lanhan, Maryland |language=he, en |translator=Alan Sacks |editor=Alan Sacks | isbn = 978-0-7618-1489-4}}: Chapter 16: Deir Yassin, Section 12: The Massacre, page 377</ref>
*'''September 17, 1948''' Lehi assassination of the United Nations mediator [[Folke Bernadotte]],<ref name=Independent>{{cite news
  | title =  Israel's forgotten hero: The assassination of Count Bernadotte – and the death of peace
  | first = Donald
  | last = Macintyre
  | newspaper = [[The Independent]]
  | date = 2008-09-18
  | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israels-forgotten-hero-the-assassination-of-count-bernadotte--and-the-death-of-peace-934094.html
  | access-date = 2008-12-11}}</ref><ref>Sune Persson, Folke Bernadotte and the White Buses, ''Journal of Holocaust Education'', Vol 9, Iss 2–3, 2000, 237–268. Also published in David Cesarani and Paul A. Levine (eds.), ''Bystanders to the Holocaust: A Re-evaluation'' (Routledge, 2002). The precise number is nowhere officially recorded. A count of the first 21,000 included 8,000 Danes and Norwegians, 5,911 Poles, 2,629 French, 1,615 stateless Jews and 1,124 Germans. The total number of Jews was 6,500 to 11,000 depending on definitions. Also see A. Ilan, ''Bernadotte in Palestine, 1948'' (Macmillan, 1989), p37.</ref> whom Lehi accused of a pro-Arab stance during the cease-fire negotiations.