Editing York (section)

===16th to 18th centuries===
[[File:Wall of the ruins, st marys abbey York 8714.jpg|thumb|[[St Mary's Abbey, York|St Mary's Abbey]] was founded in 1155 and destroyed during the Dissolution, {{circa|1539}}.|200x200px]]

The city underwent a period of economic decline during the [[Tudor period]]. Under [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] saw the end of York's many [[Monastery|monastic houses]], including several orders of [[friars]], the hospitals of St Nicholas and of St Leonard, the largest such institution in the north of England. This led to the [[Pilgrimage of Grace]], an uprising of northern Catholics in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire opposed to religious reform. Henry VIII restored his authority by establishing the [[Council of the North]] in York in the dissolved St Mary's Abbey. The city became a trading and service centre during this period.<ref name="coyad">{{cite web|title=The Age of Decline|publisher=City of York Council|url=http://www.york.gov.uk/leisure/Local_history_and_heritage/yorks_history/05_the_age_of_decline/|date=20 December 2006|access-date=5 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204082654/http://www.york.gov.uk/leisure/Local_history_and_heritage/yorks_history/05_the_age_of_decline/|archive-date=4 February 2008}}</ref><ref name="iadbpm"/> King Henry VIII spent a lot of time travelling around the country on official Royal Tours also known as "progresses."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2023/research/new-light-on-royal-tours-of-iconic-king/ |website=York University |title=Research to shed new light on 'royal tours' of iconic King }}</ref> In 1541 Henry VIII and Catherine Howard visited the city of York on their royal tour. The royal party would have been met outside the walls by civic dignitaries before formally entering the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://henryontour.uk/|title=Henry on Tour |website=henryontour.uk|accessdate=3 August 2024}}</ref> The civic dignitary would have been the Lord Mayor of York, who at the time of their arrival on 15 September 1541<ref name="yorkmuseumgardens"/> was Robert Hall.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Drake |first1=Francis |title=A Catalogue of the Mayors and Bailiffs, Lord Mayors, and Sheriffs of the city of Your from anno 1273, 1 Edward I, and upwards, to the present year (1735)}}</ref> He owned the residential property at 74 Low Petergate. Following a special service held in their honour at York minster, Henry and Catherine rode from the minster down to Petergate, one of the five gateways, and over to the closed Benedictine abbey of St. Mary<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2023/research/new-light-on-royal-tours-of-iconic-king/ |website=University of York |date=2 May 2023 | title=Research to shed new light on 'royal tours' of iconic King }}</ref> which had been converted into a palace for the King to stay in while he visited York on his Royal Tour.<ref name="yorkmuseumgardens">{{cite web|url=https://www.yorkmuseumgardens.org.uk/about/st-marys-abbey/|title=St Mary's Abbey |publisher= York Museum Gardens|accessdate=3 August 2024}}</ref>

[[Anne of Denmark]] came to York with her children [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Henry]] and [[Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia|Princess Elizabeth]] on 11 June 1603. The Mayor gave her a tour and offered her [[hippocras|spiced wine]], but she preferred beer.<ref>Ethel Carleton Williams, ''Anne of Denmark'' (London, 1970), p. 77.</ref> [[Guy Fawkes]], who was born and educated in York, was a member of a group of [[Roman Catholic]] restorationists that planned the [[Gunpowder Plot]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thisweek-online.com/2005/September/30bonfire.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051215081802/http://www.thisweek-online.com/2005/September/30bonfire.html|archive-date=15 December 2005|publisher= ThisWeek Newspapers|work=ThisWeek Online|title=Transplanted Englishman brings country's Guy Fawkes party tradition to Burnsville|date=24 October 2007}}</ref> Its aim was to displace [[Protestant]] rule by blowing up the [[Houses of Parliament]] while King [[James I of England|James I]], the entire Protestant, and even most of the Catholic [[aristocracy]] and [[nobility]] were inside.

[[File:A map of York england.jpg|thumb|A map of York, 1611|200x200px]]

In 1644, during the [[English Civil War]], the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]] [[Siege of York|besieged York]], and many medieval houses outside the city walls were lost. The [[barbican]] at Walmgate Bar was undermined and explosives laid, but the plot was discovered. On the arrival of [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine|Prince Rupert]], with an army of 15,000 men, the siege was lifted. The Parliamentarians retreated some {{convert|6|mi|km|0}} from York with Rupert in pursuit, before turning on his army and soundly defeating it at the [[Battle of Marston Moor]]. Of Rupert's 15,000 troops, 4,000 were killed and 1,500 captured. The siege was renewed and the city surrendered to [[Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron|Sir Thomas Fairfax]]<ref name="coyad"/> on 15 July.

Following the [[English Restoration|restoration of the monarchy]] in 1660, and the removal of the garrison from York in 1688, the city was dominated by the gentry and merchants, although the clergy were still important. Competition from [[Leeds]] and [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], together with silting of the River Ouse, resulted in York losing its pre-eminent position as a trading centre, but its role as the social and cultural centre for wealthy northerners was rising. York's many elegant [[townhouse]]s, such as the [[Mansion House, York|Lord Mayor's Mansion House]] and [[Fairfax House]] date from this period, as do the [[York Assembly Rooms|Assembly Rooms]], the [[Theatre Royal, York|Theatre Royal]], and the [[York Racecourse|racecourse]].<ref name="iadbpm">{{cite web |title=Post-medieval York |publisher=York Archaeological Trust |work=Secrets Beneath Your Feet |url=http://www.yorkarchaeology.co.uk/secrets/pmedieval.htm |access-date=18 July 2009 |year=1998 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517134912/http://www.yorkarchaeology.co.uk/secrets/pmedieval.htm |archive-date=17 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="coygt">{{cite web|title=Georgian York – social capital of the North|publisher=City of York Council|url=http://www.york.gov.uk/leisure/Local_history_and_heritage/yorks_history/07_georgian/|date=22 July 2008|access-date=5 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204082705/http://www.york.gov.uk/leisure/Local_history_and_heritage/yorks_history/07_georgian/|archive-date=4 February 2008}}</ref>