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==Flora and fauna== The Yenisey [[Drainage basin|basin]] (excluding Lake Baikal and lakes of the [[Khantayka]] headwaters) is home to 55 native fish species, including two [[Endemism|endemics]]: ''[[Gobio sibiricus]]'' (a [[Gobioninae|gobionine]] [[cyprinid]]) and ''[[Thymallus nigrescens]]'' (a [[Thymallus|grayling]]).<ref name="FEOW">Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). ''[http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei Yenisei.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116170105/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Yenisei |date=16 January 2017 }}'' Retrieved 16 July 2014.</ref> The grayling is restricted to [[Khövsgöl Nuur]] and its tributaries.<ref name=FEOW/> Most fish found in the Yenisey basin are relatively widespread Euro-[[Siberia]]n or Siberian species, such as [[northern pike]] (''Esox lucius''), [[common roach]] (''Rutilus rutilus''), [[common dace]] (''Leuciscus leuciscus''), [[Siberian sculpin]] (''Cottus poecilopus''), [[European perch]] (''Perca fluviatilis'') and [[Prussian carp]] (''Carassius gibelio''). The basin is also home to many [[salmonids]] (trout, [[Freshwater whitefish|whitefish]], [[Salvelinus|charr]], graylings, [[taimen]] and relatives) and the [[Siberian sturgeon]] (''Acipenser baerii'').<ref name=FEOW/> The Yenisey valley is habitat for numerous flora and fauna, with [[Siberian pine]] and [[Siberian larch]] being notable tree species. In [[prehistoric]] times [[Scots pine]], ''Pinus sylvestris'', was abundant in the Yenisey valley {{circa|6000 [[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.<ref>Stein, Ruediger et al. 2003. ''Siberian river run-off in the Kara Sea'', Proceedings in Marine Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 488 pages</ref> There are also numerous bird species present in the watershed, including, for example, the [[hooded crow]], ''Corvus cornix''.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2009. [http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=26307 ''Hooded Crow: Corvus cornix'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed, N. Stromberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126090957/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=26307 |date=26 November 2010 }}</ref> ===Taimyr reindeer herd=== The Taimyr herd of tundra [[reindeer]] (''Rangifer tarandus'' ''sibiricus''), the largest reindeer herd in the world,<ref name="NOAA2013">{{Cite journal|title=Migratory Tundra Rangifer |first1=D.E. |last1=Russell |first2=A. |last2=Gunn |journal=Arctic Report Card |institution=NOAA Arctic Research Program |date=20 November 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Kolpashikov">{{cite journal|last1=Kolpashikov|first1=L.|first2=V. |last2=Makhailov|first3=D. |last3=Russell|date=2014|title=The role of harvest, predators and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America|journal=Ecology and Society |volume=20|issue=1|jstor=26269762 }}</ref> migrates to winter grazing ranges along the Yenisey.<ref name="Baskin_1986">{{citation |title=Differences in the ecology and behaviour of reindeer populations in the USSR |first=Leonid M. |last=Baskin |url=http://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/viewFile/667/634 |access-date=7 January 2015 |journal=Rangifer |series=Special Issue |number=1 |year=1986 |volume=6 |pages=333–340 |doi=10.7557/2.6.2.667 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211412/http://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/viewFile/667/634 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|336}} It had an estimated 800,000-850,000 individuals as of 2010, but has peaked at over one million.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kolpasсhikov |first1=Leonid |last2=Makhailov |first2=Vladimir |last3=Russell |first3=Don |date=2015-01-23 |title=The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America |url=https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol20/iss1/art9/ |journal=Ecology and Society |language=en |volume=20 |issue=1 |doi=10.5751/ES-07129-200109 |issn=1708-3087|doi-access=free |hdl=10535/9749 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
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