Editing World peace (section)

===Economic norms theory===
Michael Mousseau's [[Michael Mousseau|economic norms theory]] links economic conditions with institutions of governance and conflict, distinguishing personal [[clientelism|clientelist]] economies from impersonal market-oriented ones, identifying the latter with permanent peace within and between nations.<ref name="Mousseau 2009">{{Citation |last=Mousseau |first=Michael |title=International Security |date=Spring 2009 |volume=33 |number=4 |pages=52–86 |contribution=The Social Market Roots of Democratic Peace}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Mousseau |first=Michael |title=International Security |date=Winter 2002–2003 |volume=27 |number=3 |pages=5–29 |author-mask=8 |contribution=Market Civilization and its Clash with Terror}}.</ref>

Throughout most of human history, societies have been based on personal relations: individuals in groups know each other and exchange favours. Today in most lower-income societies hierarchies of groups distribute wealth based on personal relationships among group leaders, a process often linked with clientelism and corruption. [[Michael Mousseau]] argues that in this kind of socio-economy conflict is always present, latent or overt, because individuals depend on their groups for physical and economic security and are thus loyal to their groups rather than their states, and because groups are in a constant state of conflict over access to state coffers. Through processes of [[bounded rationality]], people are conditioned towards strong in-group identities and are easily swayed to fear outsiders, psychological predispositions that make possible sectarian violence, genocide, and terrorism.<ref name="Mousseau 2003">{{Citation |last=Mousseau |first=Michael |title=The Nexus of Market Society, Liberal Preferences, and Democratic Peace: Interdisciplinary Theory and Evidence |journal=International Studies Quarterly |volume=47 |number=4 |pages=483–510 |year=2003 |author-mask=8 |citeseerx=10.1.1.321.7034 |doi=10.1046/j.0020-8833.2003.00276.x}}.</ref>

Market-oriented socio-economics are integrated not with personal ties but the impersonal force of the market where most individuals are economically dependent on trusting strangers in contracts enforced by the state. This creates loyalty to a state that enforces the rule of law and contracts impartially and reliably and provides equal protection in the freedom to contract – that is, liberal democracy. Wars cannot happen within or between nations with market-integrated economies because war requires the harming of others, and in these kinds of economies, everyone is always economically better off when others in the market are also better off, not worse off. Rather than fight, citizens in market-oriented socio-economies care deeply about everyone's rights and welfare, so they demand economic growth at home and economic cooperation and human rights abroad. Nations with market-oriented socio-economies tend to agree on [[list of global issues|global issues]]<ref name="Mousseau 2003" /> and not a single fatality has occurred in any dispute between them.<ref name="Mousseau 2009" />

Economic norms theory should not be confused with classical liberal theory. The latter assumes that markets are natural and that freer markets promote wealth.<ref>[[Milton Friedman|Friedman, Milton]]. 1970. ''[[Capitalism and Freedom]]''. Chicago: University of Chicago.</ref> In contrast, Economic norms theory shows how market-contracting is a learned norm, and state spending, regulation, and redistribution are necessary to ensure that almost everyone can participate in the "social market" economy, which is in everyone's interests.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}