Editing Waukegan, Illinois (section)

==Geography==
Waukegan is located at {{Coord|42|22|13|N|87|52|16|W|type:city|display=inline}} (42.3703140, −87.8711404).<ref name="gnis"/> Waukegan is on the shore of [[Lake Michigan]], about {{convert|11|mi|km|0}} south of the border with [[Wisconsin]] and {{convert|37|mi}} north of [[downtown Chicago]] at an elevation around {{convert|650|ft|m}} above sea level. Chicago has two major streets that venture north to Waukegan, one being [[Sheridan Road]], which extends north from [[Diversey Parkway]] in [[Lincoln Park]]. The second street is [[Milwaukee Avenue (Chicago)|Milwaukee Avenue]], which starts at the intersection of Desplaines Street and Kinzie Street in downtown Chicago.

According to the 2010 census, Waukegan has a total area of {{convert|24.50|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|0.24|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, or 0.99%, is covered by water.<ref name=Gazetteer>{{cite web| url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_17.txt| title=U.S. Gazetteer Files: 2019: Places: Illinois| website=U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division| access-date=December 19, 2019}}</ref>

===Major streets===
* [[Image:US 41.svg|20px]] [[Skokie Highway]]
* [[Image:Illinois 43.svg|20px]] [[Illinois Route 43|Waukegan Road]]
* [[Image:Illinois 120.svg|20px]] [[Belvidere Road]]
* [[Image:Illinois 131.svg|20px]] [[Illinois Route 131|Green Bay Road]]
* [[Image:Illinois 132.svg|20px]] [[Illinois Route 131|Grand Avenue]]
* [[Image:Illinois 137.svg|20px]] [[Sheridan Road]]/[[Amstutz Expressway]]
* Lewis Avenue
* Washington Street
* Genesee Street

===Climate===
Waukegan is located within the [[humid continental climate]] zone ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfa'') with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold and snowy winters. The record high temperature is {{cvt|108|F}}, which was set in July 1934, while the record low is {{cvt|−27|F}}, set in January 1985.<ref>{{cite web|title=XMACIS2|url=http://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/|website=XMACIS2|publisher=National Weather Service|access-date=May 13, 2018}}</ref> Waukegan's proximity to Lake Michigan helps cool the city throughout the year.

{{Weather box
|width=80%
| single line  = yes
|location = Waukegan, IL (1981–2010 normals)
<!-- Record high temperatures -->
| Jan record high F  = 64
| Feb record high F  = 71
| Mar record high F  = 83
| Apr record high F  = 92
| May record high F  = 95
| Jun record high F  = 105
| Jul record high F  = 108
| Aug record high F  = 102
| Sep record high F  = 103
| Oct record high F  = 90
| Nov record high F  = 80
| Dec record high F  = 69
| year record high F = 108
<!-- Average monthly absolute maximum temperatures  -->
| Jan avg record high F  = 48
| Feb avg record high F  = 51
| Mar avg record high F  = 67
| Apr avg record high F  = 80
| May avg record high F  = 86
| Jun avg record high F  = 92
| Jul avg record high F  = 95
| Aug avg record high F  = 93
| Sep avg record high F  = 90
| Oct avg record high F  = 81
| Nov avg record high F  = 67
| Dec avg record high F  = 53
| year avg record high F = 96
<!-- Average high temperatures -->
| Jan high F  = 29.9
| Feb high F  = 34.1
| Mar high F  = 44.0
| Apr high F  = 55.9
| May high F  = 66.5
| Jun high F  = 77.0
| Jul high F  = 81.4
| Aug high F  = 80.0
| Sep high F  = 73.0
| Oct high F  = 61.0
| Nov high F  = 47.5
| Dec high F  = 34.2
| year high F = 57.0
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
| Jan mean F  = 22.5
| Feb mean F  = 26.5
| Mar mean F  = 35.9
| Apr mean F  = 46.9
| May mean F  = 56.8
| Jun mean F  = 67.0
| Jul mean F  = 72.3
| Aug mean F  = 71.3
| Sep mean F  = 63.4
| Oct mean F  = 51.6
| Nov mean F  = 39.8
| Dec mean F  = 27.3
| year mean F = 48.4
<!-- Average low temperatures -->
| Jan low F  = 15.1
| Feb low F  = 18.9
| Mar low F  = 27.8
| Apr low F  = 37.8
| May low F  = 47.0
| Jun low F  = 57.1
| Jul low F  = 63.2
| Aug low F  = 62.7
| Sep low F  = 53.8
| Oct low F  = 42.3
| Nov low F  = 32.1
| Dec low F  = 20.4
| year low F = 39.9
<!-- Average monthly absolute minimum temperatures -->
| Jan avg record low F  = -9
| Feb avg record low F  = -3
| Mar avg record low F  = 8
| Apr avg record low F  = 23
| May avg record low F  = 32
| Jun avg record low F  = 42
| Jul avg record low F  = 49
| Aug avg record low F  = 49
| Sep avg record low F  = 38
| Oct avg record low F  = 27
| Nov avg record low F  = 13
| Dec avg record low F  = -2
| year avg record low F = -12
<!-- Record low temperatures -->
| Jan record low F  = -27
| Feb record low F  = -24
| Mar record low F  = -12
| Apr record low F  = 8
| May record low F  = 24
| Jun record low F  = 32
| Jul record low F  = 41
| Aug record low F  = 40
| Sep record low F  = 27
| Oct record low F  = 11
| Nov record low F  = -5
| Dec record low F  = -23
| year record low F = -27
<!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. -->
| precipitation colour    = green
| Jan precipitation inch  = 1.69
| Feb precipitation inch  = 1.31
| Mar precipitation inch  = 2.25
| Apr precipitation inch  = 3.37
| May precipitation inch  = 3.37
| Jun precipitation inch  = 3.79
| Jul precipitation inch  = 3.29
| Aug precipitation inch  = 3.51
| Sep precipitation inch  = 3.43
| Oct precipitation inch  = 2.51
| Nov precipitation inch  = 2.43
| Dec precipitation inch  = 1.82
| year precipitation inch = 32.31
<!-- Snowfall -->
| Jan snow inch  = 10.8
| Feb snow inch  = 8.4
| Mar snow inch  = 6.4
| Apr snow inch  = 1.4
| May snow inch  = 0.0
| Jun snow inch  = 0.0
| Jul snow inch  = 0.0
| Aug snow inch  = 0.0
| Sep snow inch  = 0.0
| Oct snow inch  = 0.1
| Nov snow inch  = 2.0
| Dec snow inch  = 8.4
| year snow inch = 36.4

| source =<ref name="XMACIS2">{{cite web |url=http://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/ |title=Monthly Climate Normals (1981–2010) Waukegan, IL |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=May 13, 2018 }}</ref>
}}

===Superfund sites===
[[File:Waukegan harbor superfund.svg|thumb|300x300px|Waukegan Harbor, with OMC (purple), WCP (red), and Johns-Manville (yellow) Superfund sites]]
Waukegan contains three [[Superfund]] sites of hazardous substances that are on the [[National Priorities List]].

In 1975, [[polychlorinated biphenyl|PCBs]] were discovered in Waukegan Harbor sediments. Investigation revealed that during manufacturing activities at [[Outboard Marine Corporation]] (OMC), hydraulic fluids containing PCBs had been discharged through floor drains at the OMC plant, directly to Waukegan Harbor and into ditches discharging into Lake Michigan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/waukegan.html|title=Waukegan Harbor River Area of Concern|date=August 20, 2015|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|US EPA]]}}</ref> The OMC plants were subsequently added to the [[National Priorities List]], and was designated as one of 43 [[Great Lakes Areas of Concern]]. Cleanup of the site began in 1990, with OMC providing $20–25&nbsp;million in funding. During the OMC cleanup, additional soil contaminants were found at the location of the former Waukegan Manufactured Gas and Coke Company. Soil removal was completed at the coke site in 2005, and cleanup of that soil will continue for several years.

The [[Johns Manville]] site is located {{convert|1|mi|km|abbr=on}} north<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=42.387744,-87.82033&ie=UTF8&t=h&om=1&ll=42.38562,-87.811661&spn=0.038101,0.09407&z=14 Coordinates of Johns Mannville site]. Maps.google.com (January 1, 1970).</ref> of the OMC site. In 1988, [[asbestos]] contamination found in groundwater and air prompted listing on the National Priorities List and subsequent cleanup. In 1991, the soil cover of the asbestos was completed. However, additional asbestos contamination was found outside the Johns-Manville property, which will require further cleanup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/R5Super/npl/illinois/ILD005443544.htm|title=Johns-Manville Corp|publisher=EPA|access-date=August 13, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asbestosbeach.com/|title=Asbestos contaminated shore|date=November 2006|work=Dunesland Preservation Society|access-date=December 24, 2014|archive-date=December 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216183600/http://asbestosbeach.com/}}</ref>

The Yeoman Creek Landfill<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.publicintegrity.org/Superfund/site.aspx?act=0500574|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324022109/http://www.publicintegrity.org/Superfund/site.aspx?act=0500574|title=Yeoman Creek Landfill|archive-date=March 24, 2008}}</ref> is a Superfund site located {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} west of the Johns Manville site. The site operated as a landfill from 1959 to 1969. In 1970, it was discovered that the lack of a bottom liner in the landfill had allowed [[leachate]] to enter groundwater, contaminating the water with [[volatile organic compound]]s and PCBs, and releasing gases that presented an explosion hazard. All major cleanup construction activities were completed in 2005, and monitoring of local water and air continues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/R5Super/npl/illinois/ILD980500102.html|title=ILD980500102, NPL Fact Sheet – Region 5 Superfund – US EPA|work=epa.gov|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref> The book ''Lake Effect'' by Nancy Nichols gives an account of the effects of PCBs on Waukegan residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Gary |date=2018-06-11 |title=A Great Lakes tragedy: growing up near a toxic harbor |url=https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2018/06/a-great-lakes-tragedy-growing-up-near-a-toxic-harbor/ |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=Great Lakes Now |language=en-US}}</ref> The Johns Manville site was cited due to its high concentration of PCBs and asbestos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2008 |title=Toxic Town |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/2008/11/30/toxic-town/75d94934-5198-4551-927f-6a654b6085bc/ |access-date=25 January 2025 |website=Washington Post}}</ref>