Editing Waterloo, Ontario (section)

==Geography==
[[Image:Waterloo uptown.jpg|thumb|right|King Street South in Uptown Waterloo]]Waterloo's city centre is near the intersection of [[King Street (Waterloo Region)|King]] and Erb streets. The city centre was once along Albert Street, near the Marsland Centre and the [[Waterloo Public Library]]. The town hall, fire hall, and farmers' market were located there. Amidst some controversy, all were demolished between 1965 and 1969.

Historically, Waterloo's swamp land near where the village was first developed caused problems for development.{{Sfn|McLaughlin|Jaeger|2007|pp=15}} To mitigate these issues, sand was taken from nearby areas to raise the land; buildings were built on foundations of oak planks; and [[King Street (Waterloo Region)|King Street]] was originally built as a [[corduroy road]].{{Sfn|McLaughlin|Jaeger|2007|pp=16}}

===Waterways===
[[File:Grand River north of Waterloo.png|thumb|The [[Grand River (Ontario)|Grand River]], as seen to the north-east of Waterloo]]
The [[Grand River (Ontario)|Grand River]] flows southward along the city's east side. Its most significant tributary within the city is Laurel Creek, whose [[Sunfish Lake (Ontario)|source]] lies just to the west of the city limits and its mouth just to the east, and crosses much of the city's central areas, including the University of Waterloo lands and Waterloo Park; it flows under the uptown area in a culvert. In the city's west end, the [[Waterloo Moraine]] provides over 300,000 people in the region with drinking water. Much of the gently hilly Waterloo Moraine underlies existing developed areas. Ongoing urban growth, mostly low-density residential suburbs (in accordance with requests by land developers), will cover increasing amounts of the remaining undeveloped portions of the Waterloo Moraine.

===Climate===
Waterloo has a [[humid continental climate]] of the warm summer subtype (''Dfb'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interactive Canada Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map |url=https://www.plantmaps.com/koppen-climate-classification-map-canada.php |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.plantmaps.com}}</ref> with warm, humid summers and cold winters. Compared to other parts of Canada, Waterloo has fairly moderate weather. Winter temperatures usually occur between mid-December and mid-March, while summer temperatures generally occur between mid-May and late September. It is not uncommon for temperatures to exceed 30&nbsp;°C (86&nbsp;°F) several times each summer. Waterloo has approximately 140 frost-free days per year.
{{Weather box
|location = [[Region of Waterloo International Airport]], 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1914–present{{efn|Daily maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were recorded at Kitchener from October 1914 to December 1977 and at [[Region of Waterloo International Airport]] from March 1970 to present.<ref name="Kitchener"/><ref name="climate"/>}}
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 14.9
|Feb record high C = 16.8
|Mar record high C = 26.5
|Apr record high C = 30.0
|May record high C = 33.3
|Jun record high C = 36.7
|Jul record high C = 38.3
|Aug record high C = 38.3
|Sep record high C = 36.7
|Oct record high C = 31.1
|Nov record high C = 25.0
|Dec record high C = 18.7
|year record high C = 38.3
|Jan high C = −2.3
|Feb high C = −1.4
|Mar high C = 4.1
|Apr high C = 11.6
|May high C = 19.0
|Jun high C = 24.1
|Jul high C = 26.6
|Aug high C = 25.5
|Sep high C = 21.6
|Oct high C = 14.1
|Nov high C = 6.8
|Dec high C = 0.7
|year high C = 12.5
|Jan mean C = −6.3
|Feb mean C = −5.9
|Mar mean C = −0.8
|Apr mean C = 5.9
|May mean C = 12.6
|Jun mean C = 17.8
|Jul mean C = 20.2
|Aug mean C = 19.1
|Sep mean C = 15.2
|Oct mean C = 8.8
|Nov mean C = 2.6
|Dec mean C = −2.8
|year mean C = 7.2
|Jan low C = −10.3
|Feb low C = −10.3
|Mar low C = −5.6
|Apr low C = 0.1
|May low C = 6.2
|Jun low C = 11.5
|Jul low C = 13.7
|Aug low C = 12.7
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 3.4
|Nov low C = −1.6
|Dec low C = −6.3
|year low C = 1.9
|Jan record low C = −31.9
|Feb record low C = −34.1
|Mar record low C = −29.4
|Apr record low C = −17.8
|May record low C = −6.1
|Jun record low C = −1.1
|Jul record low C = 4.2
|Aug record low C = 1.1
|Sep record low C = −3.7
|Oct record low C = −10.6
|Nov record low C = −18.9
|Dec record low C = −28.3
|year record low C = −34.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 66.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 46.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 57.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 81.2
|May precipitation mm = 80.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 80.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 96.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 67.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 75.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 71.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 74.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 54.9
|year precipitation mm = 850.6
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 28.7
|Feb rain mm = 29.7
|Mar rain mm = 36.8
|Apr rain mm = 68.0
|May rain mm = 81.8
|Jun rain mm = 82.4
|Jul rain mm = 98.6
|Aug rain mm = 83.9
|Sep rain mm = 87.8
|Oct rain mm = 66.1
|Nov rain mm = 75.0
|Dec rain mm = 38.0
|year rain mm = 776.8
|snow colour = green
|Jan snow cm = 43.7
|Feb snow cm = 30.3
|Mar snow cm = 26.5
|Apr snow cm = 7.3
|May snow cm = 0.4
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 1.4
|Nov snow cm = 13.0
|Dec snow cm = 37.2
|year snow cm = 159.7
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 17.7
|Feb precipitation days = 12.9
|Mar precipitation days = 13.2
|Apr precipitation days = 13.5
|May precipitation days = 13.4
|Jun precipitation days = 12.7
|Jul precipitation days = 13.2
|Aug precipitation days = 11.2
|Sep precipitation days = 12.0
|Oct precipitation days = 14.7
|Nov precipitation days = 14.8
|Dec precipitation days = 15.0
|year precipitation days = 164.0
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 5.6
|Feb rain days = 5.0
|Mar rain days = 6.9
|Apr rain days = 11.5
|May rain days = 12.4
|Jun rain days = 12.0
|Jul rain days = 10.6
|Aug rain days = 10.7
|Sep rain days = 12.2
|Oct rain days = 13.7
|Nov rain days = 11.6
|Dec rain days = 6.9
|year rain days = 118.7
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days = 16.1
|Feb snow days = 11.9
|Mar snow days = 9.0
|Apr snow days = 3.3
|May snow days = 0.18
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.91
|Nov snow days = 6.5
|Dec snow days = 14.4
|year snow days = 62.2
|humidity colour = green
|time day = 0600 LST
|Jan humidity = 86.4
|Feb humidity = 83.4
|Mar humidity = 84.8
|Apr humidity = 84.4
|May humidity = 84.7
|Jun humidity = 87.0
|Jul humidity = 90.1
|Aug humidity = 93.6
|Sep humidity = 94.3
|Oct humidity = 90.6
|Nov humidity = 87.6
|Dec humidity = 87.1
|year humidity = 87.8
|source 1 = [[Environment Canada]] (rainfall/snowfall/humidity 1981–2010)<ref name="climate">{{cite web
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=213000000&dispBack=0
| title = Kitchener/Waterloo
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| access-date = Jun 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name="climate1981">
{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=4832&lang=e&dCode=0&province=ONT&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12
| title = Waterloo Wellington A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| date = 31 October 2011|access-date = 12 April 2014
| url-status = live
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150216095631/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=4832&lang=e&dCode=0&province=ONT&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12
| archive-date = 16 February 2015
|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200717213354/ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2020-07-17
| title = Waterloo Wellington A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| access-date = September 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Kitchener">
{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=kitchener&searchMethod=contains&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&optLimit=specDate&Year=1914&Month=10&Day=31&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Kitchener
| date = 31 October 2011|access-date = 5 August 2016
| url-status = live
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160819052139/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=kitchener&searchMethod=contains&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&optLimit=specDate&Year=1914&Month=10&Day=31&selRowPerPage=25
| archive-date = 19 August 2016
| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="August 1918">
{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1914-10-01%7C1977-12-31&mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&StationID=4781&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnProx&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=2&txtRadius=25&optProxType=city&selCity=43%7C27%7C80%7C29%7CKitchener&selPark=&txtCentralLatDeg=&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongDeg=&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&timeframe=2&Year=1918&Month=8
| title = Daily Data Report for August 1918
| date = 31 October 2011|access-date = 5 August 2016
| url-status = live
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160819033337/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1914-10-01%7C1977-12-31&mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&StationID=4781&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnProx&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=2&txtRadius=25&optProxType=city&selCity=43%7C27%7C80%7C29%7CKitchener&selPark=&txtCentralLatDeg=&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongDeg=&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&timeframe=2&Year=1918&Month=8
| archive-date = 19 August 2016
| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="July 1941">
{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1914-10-01%7C1977-12-31&mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&StationID=4781&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnProx&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=2&txtRadius=25&optProxType=city&selCity=43%7C27%7C80%7C29%7CKitchener&selPark=&txtCentralLatDeg=&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongDeg=&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&timeframe=2&Year=1941&Month=7
| title = Daily Data Report for July 1941
| date = 31 October 2011|access-date = 5 August 2016
| url-status = live
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160819045722/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1914-10-01%7C1977-12-31&mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&StationID=4781&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnProx&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=2&txtRadius=25&optProxType=city&selCity=43%7C27%7C80%7C29%7CKitchener&selPark=&txtCentralLatDeg=&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongDeg=&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&timeframe=2&Year=1941&Month=7
| archive-date = 19 August 2016
| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Kitchener/Waterloo">
{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=kitchener%2Fwaterloo&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=8&Day=4&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Kitchener/Waterloo
| date = 31 October 2011|access-date = 5 August 2016
| url-status  = live
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160819031146/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=kitchener%2Fwaterloo&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=8&Day=4&selRowPerPage=25
| archive-date = 19 August 2016
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name="Region of Waterloo Int'l A">{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=region+of+waterloo+int%27l+a&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=8&Day=4&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Region of Waterloo Int'l A
| date = 31 October 2011|access-date = 5 August 2016
| url-status  = live
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160819050107/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=region+of+waterloo+int%27l+a&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=8&Day=4&selRowPerPage=25
| archive-date = 19 August 2016
| df = dmy-all}}</ref>
|date=March 2011}}