Editing Wallachia (section)

===Creation===
{{Main|Founding of Wallachia}}
[[Image:Viennese Illuminated Chronicle Posada.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Battle of Posada]] in the ''[[Chronicon Pictum]]'']]

One of the first written pieces of evidence of local voivodes is in connection with [[Litovoi]] (1272), who ruled over the land on each side of the Carpathians (including [[Hațeg Country]] in Transylvania), and refused to pay [[tribute]] to [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]]. His successor was his brother [[Bărbat]] (1285–1288). The continuing weakening of the Hungarian state by further Mongol invasions (1285–1319) and the fall of the [[Árpád dynasty]] opened the way for the unification of Wallachian polities, and independence from Hungarian rule.

[[File:MirceaCelBatranSeal1390.png|thumb|upright|left|The seal of Voivode [[Mircea I of Wallachia]] from 1390, depicting the coat of arms of Wallachia]]

Wallachia's creation, held by local traditions to have been the work of one ''[[Radu Negru]]'' (Black Radu), is historically connected with [[Basarab I of Wallachia]] (1310–1352), who rebelled against [[Charles I of Hungary]] and took up rule on either side of the Olt, establishing his residence in [[Câmpulung]] as the first ruler of the [[House of Basarab]]. Basarab refused to grant Hungary the lands of [[Făgăraș]], [[Almaș]] and the [[Banate of Severin]], defeated Charles in the [[Battle of Posada]] (1330), and, according to Romanian historian [[Ștefan Ștefănescu]], extended his lands to the east, to comprise lands as far as [[Kiliya]] in the [[Budjak]] (reportedly providing the origin of ''[[Bessarabia]]'');<ref>Ștefănescu, p. 114</ref> the supposed rule over the latter was not preserved by the princes that followed, as Kilia was under the rule of the [[Nogais]] c. 1334.<ref>Ștefănescu, p. 119</ref>

There is evidence that the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] [[Bulgarian lands across the Danube|ruled]] at least nominally the Wallachian lands up to the Rucăr–[[Bran, Brașov|Bran]] corridor as late as the late 14th century. In a charter by [[Radu I of Wallachia|Radu I]], the Wallachian voivode requests that [[tsar]] [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria]] order his customs officers at Rucăr and the [[Dâmboviţa River]] bridge to collect tax following the law. The presence of Bulgarian customs officers at the [[Carpathians]] indicates a Bulgarian suzerainty over those lands, though Radu's imperative tone hints at a strong and increasing Wallachian autonomy.<ref name="pavlov">{{cite web |url=http://liternet.bg/publish13/p_pavlov/za.htm |title=За северната граница на Второто българско царство през XIII–XIV в. |last=Павлов |first=Пламен |publisher=LiterNet |language=bg |access-date=2009-10-08 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131212343/https://liternet.bg/publish13/p_pavlov/za.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The medieval structure of Wallachia was modelled after the Bulgarian one, including the adoption of Old Church Slavonic feudal terminology such as {{lang|ro|ocină}} - inherited land.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Popa-Gorjanu |first=Cosmin |date=2009-01-01 |title=The question of feudalism in Romanian Principalities |url=https://www.academia.edu/128300558/The_question_of_feudalism_in_Romanian_Principalities|website= academia.edu|p=232-233}}</ref> Under [[Radu I of Wallachia|Radu I]] and his successor [[Dan I of Wallachia|Dan I]], the realms in Transylvania and Severin continued to be disputed with Hungary.<ref>Ștefănescu, p. 94</ref> Basarab was succeeded by [[Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia|Nicholas Alexander]], followed by [[Vladislav I of Wallachia|Vladislav I]]. Vladislav attacked Transylvania after [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]] occupied lands south of the [[Danube]], conceded to recognize him as overlord in 1368, but rebelled again in the same year; his rule also witnessed the first confrontation between Wallachia and the [[Ottoman Empire]] (a battle in which Vladislav was allied with [[Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria|Ivan Shishman]]).<ref>Ștefănescu, pp. 93–94</ref>

[[File:Early Wallachia.png|thumb|Probable location of polities in Wallachia around 1246 AD, as described in the [[Diploma of the Joannites]]]]