Editing Waldensians (section)

=== Catholic response ===

[[File:Champion des dames Vaudoises.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|right| Illustrations depicting Waldensians as [[Witchcraft|witches]] in ''Le champion des dames'', by Martin Le France, 1451]]
[[File:Piedmontese Children Forced from their parents (October 1853, X, p.108).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Piedmontese children forced from their parents<ref name="Juvenile1853">{{cite journal|title= Piedmontese Children Forced from their parents|journal= The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons|date= October 1853|volume= X|page= 108|url= https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog|access-date= 29 February 2016|publisher= Wesleyan Missionary Society}}</ref>]]

The Catholic Church viewed the Waldensians as unorthodox, and in 1184 at the [[Synod of Verona]], under the auspices of [[Pope Lucius III]], they were excommunicated. [[Pope Innocent III]] went even further during the [[Fourth Lateran Council]] in 1215, officially denouncing the Waldensians as [[heresy|heretics]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Audisio |first1=Gabriel |title= The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution and Survival c. 1170 – c. 1570 |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= 978-0-521-55984-3 |pages=14; 16; 22}}</ref><ref>Compare:
{{cite book
| last1 = Blainey
| first1 = Geoffrey
| author-link1 = Geoffrey Blainey
| title = A Short History of Christianity
| date = 26 October 2011
| url =  https://books.google.com/books?id=DepQXhNVSk4C
| location = Camberwell, Victoria
| publisher = Penguin
| publication-date = 2011
| page = 430
| isbn = 9780857962553
| access-date = 2018-02-17
| quote = The Waldensians eschewed the Cathars, who were busy in the same regions at the same time. While the Cathars were heretics, the Waldensians generally were not. Their real act of defiance was quietly to deny the existence of purgatory.}}</ref> In 1211 more than 80 Waldensians were burned as heretics at [[Strasbourg]]; this action launched several centuries of [[Medieval Inquisition|persecution]] that nearly destroyed the movement.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | last1= Ellwood | first1= R. S. | last2= Alles | first2= G. D. | article= Waldensians |title= The Encyclopedia of World Religions | location= New York |publisher= Facts on File | year= 2007 | isbn= 978-1-4381-1038-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1pGbdI4L0qsC&pg=PA471 | page= 471}}</ref> Waldensians [[Buda heresy|briefly ruled]] Buda, the capital of Hungary from 1304 to 1307. The Waldensians in turn excommunicated [[Pope Benedict XI]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Galambosi |first=Péter |editor1-last=Kádas |editor1-first=István |editor2-last=Skorka |editor2-first=Renáta |editor3-last=Weisz |editor3-first=Boglárka |title=Veretek, utak, katonák. Gazdaságtörténeti tanulmányok a magyar középkorról |publisher=MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont |year=2018 |pages=223–245 |chapter=A budai eretnekmozgalom (1304–1307) |trans-chapter=The Heretical Movement in Buda (1304–1307) |isbn=978-963-416-124-0 |language=hu}}</ref>

In 1487 Pope [[Innocent VIII]] issued a bull<ref>{{cite book|last=Innocent VIII |title=Id nostri cordis |series=Histoire générale des Eglises Evangeliques des Vallées du Piemont ou Vaudoises |volume=2 |page=8|date=1669}}</ref> [[Id Nostri Cordis]] for the extermination of the Vaudois. [[Alberto de' Capitanei]], archdeacon of [[Cremona]], responded to the bull by organizing a crusade to fulfill its order and launched a military offensive in the provinces of [[Dauphiné]] and [[Piedmont]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baronio |first=Cesare |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzBQAAAAcAAJ&q=1487+V.Kal |title=Annales ecclesiastici |date=1663 |publisher=Mascardus |language=la}}</ref> [[Charles I, Duke of Savoy]], eventually interfered to save his territories from further turmoil and promised the Vaudois peace, but not before the offensive had devastated the area and many of the Vaudois had fled to [[Provence]] or south to Italy.

The theologian [[Angelo Carletti di Chivasso]], whom Innocent VIII in 1491 appointed Apostolic Nuncio and Commissary conjointly with the [[Bishop of Mauriana]], was involved in reaching a peaceful agreement between Catholics and Waldensians.<ref name=Donovan>
{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01484a.htm |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |title=Bl. Angelo Carletti di Chivasso
|access-date= 30 April 2016}}</ref>