Editing Władysław II Jagiełło (section)

===Accession===
[[File:Polska 1386 - 1434.png|250px|thumb|Poland and Lithuania 1386–1434{{imagefact|date=December 2022}}]]
Władysław II Jagiello and Jadwiga reigned as co-monarchs; and though Jadwiga probably had little real power, she took an active part in Poland's political and cultural life. In 1387, she led two successful military expeditions to [[Red Ruthenia]], recovered lands her father, [[Louis I of Hungary]], had transferred from Poland to Hungary, and secured the homage of Voivode [[Petru I of Moldavia]].<ref name="Jasienica"/> In 1390, she also personally opened negotiations with the Teutonic Order. Most political responsibilities, however, fell to Jagiello, with Jadwiga attending to the cultural and charitable activities for which she is still revered.<ref name="Jasienica"/>

Soon after Jagiello acceded to the Polish throne, Jagiello granted [[Vilnius]] a city charter like that of [[Kraków]], modelled on the [[Magdeburg Law]]; and Vytautas issued a privilege to a Jewish commune of [[Trakai]] on almost the same terms as privileges issued to the Jews of Poland in the reigns of [[Bolesław the Pious|Boleslaus the Pious]] and [[Casimir the Great]].<ref name="Jasienica-legal"/> Władysław's policy of unifying the two legal systems was partial and uneven at first but achieved a lasting influence.<ref name="Jasienica"/> By the time of the [[Union of Lublin]] in 1569, there was not much difference between the administrative and judicial systems in force in Lithuania and Poland.<ref name="dvornik4"/>

One effect of Jagiello's measures was to be the advancement of Catholics in Lithuania at the expense of Orthodox elements; in 1387 and 1413, for example, Lithuanian Catholic boyars were granted special judicial and political privileges denied to the Orthodox boyars.<ref name="magocsi"/> As this process gained momentum, it was accompanied by the rise of both Rus' and Lithuanian identity in the fifteenth century.<ref name="plokhy-98"/>