Editing W (section)

===Other languages===
In Europe languages with {{angbr|w}} in native words are in a central-western European zone between Cornwall and Poland: English, [[German language|German]], [[Low German language|Low German]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Frisian languages|Frisian]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Cornish language|Cornish]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Walloon language|Walloon]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]], [[Sorbian languages|Sorbian]], [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]], [[Resian dialect|Resian]] and [[North Germanic languages|Scandinavian dialects]]. German, Polish, Wymysorys and Kashubian use it for the [[voiced labiodental fricative]] {{IPA|/v/}} (with Polish, related Kashubian and Wymysorys using [[Ł]] for {{IPA|/w/}}, except in conservative and some eastern Polish speech, where Ł still represents the [[dark L]] sound.), and Dutch uses it for {{IPA|/ʋ/}}. Unlike its use in other languages, the letter is used in [[Welsh language|Welsh]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]] to represent the vowel {{IPA|/u/}} as well as the related approximant consonant {{IPA|/w/}}.[[File:WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg|left|thumb|A 1693 book printing that uses the "double&nbsp;u" alongside the modern letter; this was acceptable if printers did not have the letter in stock or the font had been made without it.]]

The following languages historically used {{angbr|w}} for {{IPA|/v/}} in native words, but later replaced it by {{angbr|v}}: [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Slovak language|Slovak]], [[Latvian language|Latvian]], [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Ukrainian Latin alphabet|Ukrainian Łatynka]] and [[Belarusian Latin alphabet|Belarusian Łacinka]]. It is also used in modern systems of [[Romanization of Belarusian]] for the letter {{angbr|[[ў]]}}, for example in the BGN/PCGN<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/811510/ROMANIZATION_OF_BELARUSIAN.pdf |title=Belarusian romanization (June 2019) (publishing.service.gov.uk) |access-date=November 16, 2021 |archive-date=October 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006223432/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/811510/ROMANIZATION_OF_BELARUSIAN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> system, in contrast to the letter {{angbr|[[ŭ]]}}, which is used in the [[Instruction on transliteration of Belarusian geographical names with letters of Latin script]].

[[File:Kalevala1.jpg|thumb|left|Titlepage of the first edition of the ''Kalevala'', 1835]]
In Swedish and Finnish, traces of this old usage may still be found in proper names. In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] remains in some aristocratic surnames, e.g. [[Wesselényi (disambiguation)|Wesselényi]].

Modern [[German dialects]] generally have only {{IPA|[v]}} or {{IPA|[ʋ]}} for West Germanic {{IPA|/w/}}, but {{IPA|[w]}} or {{IPA|[β̞]}} is still heard allophonically for {{angbr|w}}, especially in the clusters {{angbr|schw}}, {{angbr|zw}}, and {{angbr|qu}}. Some Bavarian dialects preserve a "light" initial {{IPA|[w]}}, such as in ''wuoz'' (Standard German ''weiß'' {{IPA|[vaɪs]}} '[I] know'). The Classical Latin {{IPA|[β]}} is heard in the Southern German greeting ''Servus'' ('hello' or 'goodbye').

In [[Dutch language|Dutch]], {{angbr|w}} became a [[labiodental approximant]] {{IPA|/ʋ/}} (with the exception of words with -{{angbr|eeuw}}, which have {{IPA|/eːβ/}}, or other diphthongs containing -{{angbr|uw}}). In many Dutch-speaking areas, such as [[Flanders]] and [[Suriname]], the {{IPA|/β/}} pronunciation (or in some areas a {{IPA|/ɥ/}} pronunciation, e.g. Belgian-Dutch ''water'' {{IPA|/'ɥaːtər/}} "water", ''wit'' {{IPA|/ɥɪt/}} "white", ''eeuw'' {{IPA|/eːɥ/}} "century", etc.) is used at all times.

In [[Finnish alphabet|Finnish]], {{angbr|w}} is sometimes seen as a variant of {{angbr|v}} and not a separate letter, but it is a part of the official alphabet. It is, however, recognized and maintained in the spelling of some old names, reflecting an earlier German spelling standard, and in some modern loan words. In all cases, it is pronounced {{IPA|/ʋ/}}. The title of the first edition of the ''[[Kalevala]]'' was spelled ''Kalewala''.

In [[Danish alphabet|Danish]], [[Norwegian alphabet|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish alphabet|Swedish]], {{angbr|w}} is named double-v and not double-u. In these languages, the letter only exists in old names, loanwords and foreign words. (Foreign words are distinguished from loanwords by having a significantly lower level of integration in the language.) It is usually pronounced {{IPA|/v/}}, but in some words of English origin, it may be pronounced {{IPA|/w/}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Sprog,_religion_og_filosofi/Sprog/Ortografi/w_W|title=W, w - Gyldendal - Den Store Danske|newspaper=Den Store Danske|access-date=November 7, 2017|archive-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904141630/http://denstoredanske.dk/Sprog,_religion_og_filosofi/Sprog/Ortografi/w_W|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.svenskaakademien.se/svenska_spraket/svenska_akademiens_ordlista/saol_pa_natet/ordlista |title=Ordlista |access-date=January 29, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824045619/https://www.svenskaakademien.se/svenska_spraket/svenska_akademiens_ordlista/saol_pa_natet/ordlista |archive-date=August 24, 2012 }}, page 1098</ref> The letter was officially introduced in the Danish and Swedish alphabets as late as 1980 and 2006, respectively, despite having been in use for much longer. It had been recognized since the conception of modern Norwegian with the earliest official orthography rules of 1907.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aars |first1=Jonathan |last2=Hofgaard |first2=Simon Wright |title=Norske retskrivnings-regler med alfabetiske ordlister |publisher=W. C. Fabritius & Sønner |year=1907 |language=no |pages=19, 84 |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2006081600014#&struct=DIVP19 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |id=NBN 2006081600014 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218163256/https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2006081600014#&struct=DIVP19 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{angbr|W}} was earlier seen as a variant of {{angbr|v}}, and {{angbr|w}} as a letter (double-v) is still commonly replaced by {{angbr|v}} in speech (e.g. ''WC'' being pronounced as ''VC'', ''www'' as ''VVV'', ''WHO'' as ''VHO'', etc.). The two letters were sorted as equals before {{angbr|w}} was officially recognized, and that practice is still recommended when sorting names in Sweden.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spraknamnden.se/fragor/arkiv_sprakrad.htm#w |title=Veckans språkråd 2006 |language=sv |date=July 5, 2007 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014150649/http://www.spraknamnden.se/fragor/arkiv_sprakrad.htm#w |url-status=dead }}</ref> In modern slang, some native speakers may pronounce {{angbr|w}} more closely to the origin of the loanword than the official {{IPA|/v/}} pronunciation.

Multiple dialects of Swedish and Danish use the sound, however. In Denmark, notably in [[Jutland]], the northern half uses it extensively in [[Jutlandic dialect|traditional dialect]], and in multiple places in Sweden. It is used in southern Swedish; for example, the words "wesp" (wisp) and "wann" (water) are traditionally used in [[Halland]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ordbok öfver Halländska landskapsmålet|last=Peter|first=von Möller|publisher=Berlingska boktryckeriet|year=1858|location=Lund|pages=17}}</ref> In northern and western Sweden, there are also dialects with {{IPA|/w/}}. [[Elfdalian]] is a good example, which is one of many dialects where the [[Old Norse orthography|Old Norse difference]] between v ({{IPA|/w/}}) and f ({{IPA|/v/}} or {{IPA|/f/}}) is preserved. Thus, "warg" from Old Norse "vargr", but "åvå" from Old Norse "hafa".

In the alphabets of most modern Romance languages, {{angbr|w}} is used mostly in foreign names and words recently borrowed (Italian ''il watt'', Spanish ''el kiwi''). In Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, {{IPA|[w]}} is a non-syllabic variant of {{IPA|/u/}}, spelled {{angbr|u}}. In Italian, while the letter {{angbr|w}} is not considered part of the standard [[Italian alphabet]], the character is often used in place of ''Viva'' (hooray for...), generally in the form in which the branches of the Vs cross in the middle, at least in [[handwriting]] (in fact it could be considered a [[monogram]]).<ref name="Zingarelli 1945 1713">{{cite book |last=Zingarelli |first=Nicola |title=Vocabolario della lingua italiana |edition=7 |year=1945 |publisher=Nicola Zanichelli |location=Bologna |page=1713}}</ref> The same symbol written upside down indicates ''abbasso'' (down with...). In French, {{angbr|w}} is also used mostly in foreign names and words recently borrowed such as ''wagon'' or ''week''(''-'')''end'', but in the first case it is pronounced {{IPA|[v]}} (because of its German origin; except in Belgium, where it is pronounced [w]) and in the second {{IPA|[w]}}. In most northern French dialects, the former {{angbr|w}} turned finally to {{angbr|v}}, but still exists as a remnant in the place-names of [[Romance Flanders]], [[Picardie]], [[Artois]], [[Champagne]], [[Lorraine|Romance Lorraine]] and sometimes elsewhere ([[Normandy]], [[Île-de-France]]), and in the surnames from the same regions. Walloon as it sounds conserves the {{angbr|w}} pronounced {{IPA|[w]}}. The digraph {{angbr|ou}} is used to render {{angbr|w}} in rare French words such as ''ouest'' "west" and to spell Arabic names transliterated ''-wi'' in English, but ''-oui'' in French (compare Arabic surname [[Badawi]] / Badaoui). In all these languages, as in Scandinavian languages mentioned above, the letter is named "double v" (French {{IPA|/dubləve/}}, Spanish {{IPA|/'dɔble 'uβe/}}) though in Belgium the name {{IPA|/we/}} is also used.

In [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], the letter "w" is called ''wé''. The letter names in Indonesian are always the same with the sounds they produce, especially the consonants.

The [[Japanese language]] uses "W", pronounced ''daburu'', as an ideogram meaning "double".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://no-sword.jp/blog/2006/06/let-pretending-to-be-injured-begin.html |title=Let the pretending to be injured begin |publisher=No-sword.jp |date=June 10, 2006 |access-date=November 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183954/http://no-sword.jp/blog/2006/06/let-pretending-to-be-injured-begin.html |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is also used in internet slang to indicate laughter (like [[LOL#Commonly used equivalents in other languages|LOL]]), derived from the word ''warau'' (笑う, meaning "to laugh").

In Italian, while the letter {{angbr|w}} is not considered part of the standard [[Italian alphabet]], the character is often used in place of ''Viva'' (hooray for...), generally in the form in which the branches of the Vs cross in the middle, at least in [[handwriting]] (in fact, it could be considered a [[monogram]]).<ref name="Zingarelli 1945 1713"/> The same symbol written upside down indicates ''abbasso'' (down with...).

In the [[Kokborok|Kokborok language]], {{angbr|w}} represents the [[open-mid back rounded vowel]] {{IPA|/ɔ/}}.

In Turkey, the use of the {{angbr|w}} was banned between 1928 and 2013<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ban on Kurdish letters to be lifted with democracy package - Turkey News|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ban-on-kurdish-letters-to-be-lifted-with-democracy-package-55254|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Hürriyet Daily News|date=September 27, 2013 |language=en|archive-date=January 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117020305/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ban-on-kurdish-letters-to-be-lifted-with-democracy-package-55254|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Othmann|first=Ronya|title=Kolumne "Import Export": Bei X, Q, W ins Gefängnis|language=de|work=FAZ.NET|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/tuerkei-die-folgen-des-rassismus-gegenueber-kurden-17473152.html|access-date=2022-01-17|issn=0174-4909|archive-date=January 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182355/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/tuerkei-die-folgen-des-rassismus-gegenueber-kurden-17473152.html|url-status=live}}</ref> which was a problem for the [[Kurds in Turkey|Kurdish population in Turkey]] as the {{angbr|w}} was a letter of the [[Kurdish alphabets|Kurdish alphabet]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-09-27|title=Türkei: Erdogan will kurdische Schriftzeichen erlauben|language=de|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|url=https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/tuerkei-erdogan-will-kurdische-schriftzeichen-erlauben-a-924943.html|access-date=2022-01-17|issn=2195-1349|archive-date=December 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219021050/https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/tuerkei-erdogan-will-kurdische-schriftzeichen-erlauben-a-924943.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The use of the letter {{angbr|w}} in the word [[Newroz as celebrated by Kurds|Newroz]], the Kurdish new year, was forbidden,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Refugee Review Tribunal Australia|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b6fe30ad.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=January 17, 2022|archive-date=February 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218163251/https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b6fe30ad.pdf}}</ref> and names which included the letter were not able to be used.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ataman|first=Ferda|date=2009-10-14|title=Zweijähriger Kurde wird wegen Vornamens staatenlos|language=de-DE|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/buchstaben-als-politikum-zweijaehriger-kurde-wird-wegen-vornamens-staatenlos/1616212.html|access-date=2022-01-17|issn=1865-2263|archive-date=January 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118184043/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/buchstaben-als-politikum-zweijaehriger-kurde-wird-wegen-vornamens-staatenlos/1616212.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, a court in [[Gaziantep]] reasoned the use of the letter {{angbr|w}} would incite civil unrest.<ref name=":2"/>

In [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], {{angbr|w}} is called ''{{lang|vi|vê đúp}}'' or {{Lang|vi|vê kép}} ({{Lit|double V}}), from the French ''{{lang|fr|double vé}}''. It is not included in the standard [[Vietnamese alphabet]], but it is often used as a substitute for ''qu-'' in [[literary dialect]] and very informal writing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ngôn ngữ thời @ của teen|author=Nhật My|work=[[VnExpress]]|publisher=FPT Group|date=May 19, 2009|access-date=April 15, 2014|url=http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/ngon-ngu-thoi-cua-teen-2131526.html|language=vi|archive-date=April 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180245/http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/ngon-ngu-thoi-cua-teen-2131526.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Viết tắt chữ Việt trong ngôn ngữ @|author=Trần Tư Bình|journal=Chim Việt Cành Nam|issue=53|date=November 30, 2013|url=http://vietpali.sourceforge.net/binh/VietTatChuVietTrongNgonNgu-ACong.htm|language=vi|access-date=April 15, 2014|archive-date=February 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228190514/http://vietpali.sourceforge.net/binh/VietTatChuVietTrongNgonNgu-ACong.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> It's also commonly used for abbreviating ''Ư'' in formal documents, for example ''Trung Ương'' is abbreviated as TW<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wcag.dongnai.gov.vn/_layouts/mobile/dispform.aspx?List=c55e1211-325f-4687-84c6-990157dfe5f2&View=c3f190ca-4f63-4476-aa51-7375d3286805&ID=4|title=Từ viết tắt: Trung ương|website=wcag.dongnai.gov.vn|access-date=July 4, 2017|archive-date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107222502/http://wcag.dongnai.gov.vn/_layouts/mobile/dispform.aspx?List=c55e1211-325f-4687-84c6-990157dfe5f2&View=c3f190ca-4f63-4476-aa51-7375d3286805&ID=4|url-status=dead}}</ref> even in official documents and document ID number, derived from the [[Telex (input method)|Vietnamese Telex input method]] that usually interpret a single "w" into Vietnamese character "ư".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangcongsan.vn/he-thong-van-ban.html|title=Hệ thống văn bản|last=VIỆT NAM|first=ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN|website=dangcongsan.vn|language=vi-VN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703231413/http://dangcongsan.vn/he-thong-van-ban.html|archive-date=July 3, 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=July 4, 2017}}</ref>

"W" is the 24th letter in the [[Filipino alphabet|Modern Filipino Alphabet]] and has its English name. However, in the old Filipino alphabet, [[Abakada]], it was the 19th letter and had the name "wah".{{fix|text=is that 'h' a glottal stop?}}<ref>"W, w, pronounced: wah". ''English, Leo James Tagalog-English Dictionary''. 1990., page 1556.</ref>

In [[Washo language|Washo]], lower-case {{angbr|w}} represents a typical {{IPA|/w/}} sound, while upper-case {{angbr|W}} represents a [[Voicelessness|voiceless]] w sound, like the difference between English ''weather'' and ''whether'' for those who maintain the distinction.