Editing Virtual reality (section)

==== 1970–1990 ====
The virtual reality industry mainly provided VR devices for medical, flight simulation, automobile industry design, and military training purposes from 1970 to 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.ncsa.illinois.edu/Cyberia/VETopLevels/VR.History.html|title=National Center for Supercomputing Applications: History|publisher=The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821054144/http://archive.ncsa.illinois.edu/Cyberia/VETopLevels/VR.History.html|archive-date=21 August 2015}}</ref>

[[David Em]] became the first artist to produce navigable virtual worlds at [[NASA]]'s [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] (JPL) from 1977 to 1984.<ref name="Creative Computing March 1982">{{cite journal|last1=Nelson|first1=Ted|title=Report on Siggraph '81|journal=Creative Computing|date=March 1982}}</ref> The [[Aspen Movie Map]], a crude [[virtual tour]] in which users could wander the streets of [[Aspen, Colorado|Aspen]] in one of the three modes (summer, winter, and [[Polygon (computer graphics)|polygons]]), was created at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] in 1978.

[[File:Virtual Reality Headset Prototype.jpg|thumb|[[Ames Research Center|NASA Ames]]'s 1985 VIEW headset]]

In 1979, [[Eric Howlett]] developed the Large Expanse, Extra Perspective (LEEP) optical system. The combined system created a stereoscopic image with a field-of-view wide enough to create a convincing sense of space. The users of the system have been impressed by the sensation of depth ([[field of view]]) in the scene and the corresponding realism. The original LEEP system was redesigned for NASA's [[Ames Research Center]] in 1985 for their first virtual reality installation, the VIEW (Virtual Interactive Environment Workstation)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fisher |first1=Scott S. |title=The NASA Ames VIEWlab Project—A Brief History |journal=Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments |date=22 December 2016 |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=339–348 |doi=10.1162/PRES_a_00277 }}</ref> by [[Scott Fisher (technologist)|Scott Fisher]]. The LEEP system provides the basis for most of the modern virtual reality headsets.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Wayne|title="Virtual Reality and Artificial Environments", A Critical History of Computer Graphics and Animation|date=December 2005|chapter=Section 17}}</ref>

[[File:VPL DataSuit 1.jpg|upright|thumb|left|A [[VPL Research]] DataSuit, a full-body outfit with sensors for measuring the movement of arms, legs, and trunk. Developed {{Circa|1989}}. Displayed at the [[Nissho Iwai]] showroom in Tokyo]]

By the late 1980s, the term "virtual reality" was popularized by [[Jaron Lanier]], one of the modern pioneers of the field. Lanier had founded the company [[VPL Research]] in 1984. VPL Research has developed several VR devices like the [[DataGlove]], the EyePhone, the Reality Built For Two (RB2), and the AudioSphere. VPL licensed the DataGlove technology to [[Mattel]], which used it to make the [[Power Glove]], an early affordable VR device, released in 1989. That same year [[Broderbund]]'s [[U-Force]] was released.

[[Atari, Inc.]] founded a research lab for virtual reality in 1982, but the lab was closed after two years due to the [[video game crash of 1983]]. However, its hired employees, such as <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=4081|title=Zimmerman & Lanier Develop the DataGlove, a Hand Gesture Interface Device : History of Information|website=www.historyofinformation.com}}</ref> [[Scott Fisher (technologist)|Scott Fisher]], [[Michael Naimark]], and [[Brenda Laurel]], kept their research and development on VR-related technologies.

In 1988, the Cyberspace Project at [[Autodesk]] was the first to implement VR on a low-cost personal computer.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Barlow |first1=John Perry |title=Being in Nothingness |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/04/virtual-reality-and-the-pioneers-of-cyberspace |date=1990|magazine=Wired}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Cyberspace – The New Explorers| year=1989 | url=https://archive.org/details/Timothy_Leary_Archives_005.dv |via = Internet Archive|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref>  The project leader Eric Gullichsen left in 1990 to found Sense8 Corporation and develop the WorldToolKit virtual reality SDK,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Delaney |first1=Ben |title=Virtual Reality 1.0 -- The 90s: The Birth of VR |date=2017 |publisher=CyberEdge Information Services |isbn=978-1513617039 |page=40}}</ref> which offered the first real time graphics with [[Texture mapping]] on a PC, and was widely used throughout industry and academia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stoker |first1=Carol |title=MARSMAP: AN INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL REALITY MODEL OF THE PATHFINDER LANDING SITE |url=https://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/science/lpsc98/1018.pdf |website=NASA JPL |publisher=NASA |access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cullen |first1=Chris |title=Pioneering VR Stories Part 1: Idaho National Laboratory In The '90s |date=13 April 2017 |url=https://idahovirtualreality.com/pioneering-vr-stories-part-1-idaho-national-laboratory-90s/ |publisher=Idaho Virtual Reality Council|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref>