Editing Violin (section)

===Pitch range===
[[File:Spectrumgstring.jpg|upright=1.15|thumb|right|3D [[spectrum]] diagram of the overtones of a violin G string (foreground). Note that the [[pitch (music)|pitch]] we hear is the peak around 200&nbsp;Hz.]]
A violin is tuned in fifths, in the notes G<sub>3</sub>, D<sub>4</sub>, A<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>5</sub>. The lowest note of a violin, tuned normally, is [[Scientific pitch notation|G<sub>3</sub>]], or G below [[middle C|middle C (C4)]]. (On rare occasions, the lowest string may be tuned down by as much as a fourth, to D<sub>3</sub>.) The highest note playable is less well defined: E<sub>7</sub>, the E two octaves above the open string (which is tuned to E<sub>5</sub>) may be considered a practical limit for orchestral violin parts,<ref>Piston, Walter (1955). ''Orchestration'', p.45.</ref> but it is often possible to play higher, depending on the length of the fingerboard and the skill of the violinist. Yet higher notes (up to C<sub>8</sub>) can be sounded by stopping the string, reaching the limit of the fingerboard, and/or by using [[artificial harmonic]]s.