Editing Vatican City (section)

=== Under Italian rule (1871–1929) ===
{{Main|Roman Question}}

In 1870 the pope's holdings were left in an uncertain situation when [[capture of Rome|Rome was annexed]] by Italian forces, bringing to completion the [[Italian unification]], after a nominal resistance by the papal forces. Between 1861 and 1929, the status of the Pope of Rome was referred to as the "Roman Question".

Italy made no attempt to interfere with the Holy See within the Vatican walls. However, it confiscated church property in many places. In 1871 the Quirinal Palace was confiscated by the [[King of Italy]] and became the royal palace. Thereafter, the popes resided undisturbed within the Vatican walls, and certain papal [[prerogative]]s were recognized by the [[Law of Guarantees]], including the right to send and receive ambassadors. The popes did not recognize the Italian king's right to rule in Rome, and they refused to leave the Vatican compound until the dispute was resolved in 1929. [[Pope Pius IX]] (1846–1878), the last ruler of the Papal States, was referred to as a "[[prisoner in the Vatican]]". Forced to give up secular power, the popes focused on spiritual issues.<ref name="World History">{{Cite book |last=Wetterau |first=Bruce |url=https://archive.org/details/worldhistorydict00wett |title=World History: A Dictionary of Important People, Places, and Events, from Ancient Times to the Present |date=1994 |publisher=Henry Holt & Co. |isbn=978-0-8050-2350-3 |location=New York}}</ref>