Editing Valparaíso (section)

==Geography==
{{Moresources|section|date=July 2023}}
Valparaíso is located in central Chile, {{cvt|120|km|0}} to the north west of the capital [[Santiago]]. Like most of Chile, it is vulnerable to earthquakes. Before the [[2010 Chile earthquake|earthquake of February 27, 2010]], which measured 8.8 on the [[moment magnitude scale]],<ref name="yahoo">{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20100227/wl_nm/us_quake_chile_29 |title=Massive earthquake hits Chile, 122 dead |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=2010-02-27 |agency=Reuters |first1=Alonso |last1=Soto |access-date=2014-07-05 |archive-date=2010-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305141640/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20100227/wl_nm/us_quake_chile_29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the last catastrophic earthquake to strike Valparaíso devastated the city in [[1906 Valparaíso earthquake|August 1906]], killing nearly 3,000 people.<ref>Martland, Samuel. 2007. "Reconstructing the City, Constructing the State: Government in Valparaíso after the Earthquake of 1906", ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' 87, no. 2: 221–254. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed September 13, 2008)</ref> Other significant earthquakes to affect the city were the [[1730 Valparaíso earthquake]] and the [[1985 Algarrobo earthquake]].

===Geology===
Because of Valparaíso's proximity to the [[Peru–Chile Trench]], the city is vulnerable to earthquakes. The Peru–Chile Trench stores large amounts of energy for a very long time and sometimes ruptures after short intervals in a violent earthquake.

===Climate===
Valparaíso has a very mild [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Csb''). The summer is essentially dry, but the city is affected by fogs from the [[Humboldt Current]] during most of the year. In the winter, rainfall can occasionally be extremely heavy when a powerful frontal system crosses central Chile, but frequency of such rains varies greatly from year to year. Monthly average temperatures vary just around 6°C between the coolest and the warmest month, from {{cvt|17|C}} in January to {{cvt|11.4|C}} in July. Snowfall occurs rarely in the highest parts of the city. In winter, strong winds can lead to [[wind chill]] temperatures below freezing.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

{{Weather box
|location = Valparaíso, Chile (Punta Angeles Lighthouse, located at [[Playa Ancha University]]) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1970–present
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 29.8
|Feb record high C = 31.2
|Mar record high C = 28.2
|Apr record high C = 25.6
|May record high C = 27.4
|Jun record high C = 24.0
|Jul record high C = 28.4
|Aug record high C = 26.4
|Sep record high C = 28.6
|Oct record high C = 30.5
|Nov record high C = 30.2
|Dec record high C = 28.6
|year record high C = 31.2
|Jan high C = 21.9
|Feb high C = 22.2
|Mar high C = 21.9
|Apr high C = 19.8
|May high C = 18.5
|Jun high C = 17.1
|Jul high C = 16.3
|Aug high C = 17.3
|Sep high C = 17.3
|Oct high C = 19.0
|Nov high C = 20.0
|Dec high C = 21.5
|year high C = 19.4
|Jan mean C = 17.9
|Feb mean C = 17.9
|Mar mean C = 16.8
|Apr mean C = 15.2
|May mean C = 13.9
|Jun mean C = 12.6
|Jul mean C = 12.1
|Aug mean C = 12.5
|Sep mean C = 13.2
|Oct mean C = 14.1
|Nov mean C = 15.4
|Dec mean C = 16.6
|year mean C = 14.9
|Jan low C = 13.6
|Feb low C = 13.9
|Mar low C = 12.6
|Apr low C = 10.7
|May low C = 9.9
|Jun low C = 8.6
|Jul low C = 8.1
|Aug low C = 8.4
|Sep low C = 9.7
|Oct low C = 9.5
|Nov low C = 11.0
|Dec low C = 12.3
|year low C = 10.7
|Jan record low C = 9.8
|Feb record low C = 5.6
|Mar record low C = 6.8
|Apr record low C = 2.7
|May record low C = 3.6
|Jun record low C = 2.0
|Jul record low C = 3.4
|Aug record low C = 3.2
|Sep record low C = 1.9
|Oct record low C = 4.6
|Nov record low C = 1.6
|Dec record low C = 7.8
|year record low C = 1.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 0.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 1.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 2.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 14.9
|May precipitation mm = 66.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 106.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 66.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 61.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 24.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 12.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 3.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.5
|year precipitation mm = 363.2
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 0.0
|Feb precipitation days = 0.2
|Mar precipitation days = 0.4
|Apr precipitation days = 1.5
|May precipitation days = 3.7
|Jun precipitation days = 5.8
|Jul precipitation days = 4.4
|Aug precipitation days = 3.8
|Sep precipitation days = 2.2
|Oct precipitation days = 1.3
|Nov precipitation days = 0.5
|Dec precipitation days = 0.3
|year precipitation days = 24.0
|Jan humidity = 72
|Feb humidity = 74
|Mar humidity = 76
|Apr humidity = 78
|May humidity = 80
|Jun humidity = 80
|Jul humidity = 80
|Aug humidity = 79
|Sep humidity = 78
|Oct humidity = 75
|Nov humidity = 71
|Dec humidity = 70
|year humidity = 76
|Jan sun=279.0
|Feb sun=245.7
|Mar sun=217.0
|Apr sun=174.0
|May sun=114.7
|Jun sun=81.0
|Jul sun=93.0
|Aug sun=117.8
|Sep sun=147.0
|Oct sun=170.5
|Nov sun=216.0
|Dec sun=263.5
|year sun=
|source 1 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1931–1960)<ref name=climatenormals>
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804195454/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330002 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |url=https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330002 |title=Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos |publisher=Dirección Meteorológica de Chile |language=es |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=promediotemp>
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804195153/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/promedioTemperatura30/330002/2020 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |url=https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/promedioTemperatura30/330002/2020 |title=Temperaturas Medias y Extremas en 30 Años-Entre los años: 1991 al 2020-Nombre estación: Punta Ángeles faro |publisher=Dirección Meteorológica de Chile |language=es |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=records>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804200357/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330002 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |url=https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330002 |title=Temperatura Histórica de la Punta Ángeles faro (330002) |publisher=Dirección Meteorológica de Chile |language=es |access-date=4 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|source 2=Climate & Temperature (sunshine hours),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.valparaiso.climatetemp.info/ |title=Valparaíso Climate Guide to the Average Weather & Temperatures with Graphs Elucidating Sunshine and Rainfall Data & Information about Wind Speeds & Humidity |access-date=2010-03-06 |publisher=Climate & Temperature |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126024631/http://www.valparaiso.climatetemp.info/ |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[NOAA]] (precipitation days 1991–2020)<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804200209/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Faropuntaangelesvalparaiso_85558.csv |archive-date=4 August 2023 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Faropuntaangelesvalparaiso_85558.csv |title=Faro Punta Angeles Valparaiso Climate Normals 1991–2020 |work=World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref>
|date=August 2010}}

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Valparaíso ([[Rodelillo Airfield]]) 1991–2020, extremes 1975–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|Jan record high C = 34.6
|Feb record high C = 35.0
|Mar record high C = 33.0
|Apr record high C = 35.8
|May record high C = 35.3
|Jun record high C = 29.2
|Jul record high C = 31.5
|Aug record high C = 32.3
|Sep record high C = 31.9
|Oct record high C = 32.3
|Nov record high C = 34.9
|Dec record high C = 33.4
|year record high C = 35.8
|Jan high C = 23.3
|Feb high C = 22.6
|Mar high C = 22.0
|Apr high C = 19.9
|May high C = 17.3
|Jun high C = 15.5
|Jul high C = 15.0
|Aug high C = 15.6
|Sep high C = 16.9
|Oct high C = 18.6
|Nov high C = 20.9
|Dec high C = 22.3
|year high C = 19.2
|Jan mean C = 17.9
|Feb mean C = 17.4
|Mar mean C = 16.8
|Apr mean C = 15.1
|May mean C = 13.2
|Jun mean C = 11.6
|Jul mean C = 11.0
|Aug mean C = 11.4
|Sep mean C = 12.4
|Oct mean C = 13.6
|Nov mean C = 15.3
|Dec mean C = 16.7
|year mean C = 14.4
|Jan low C = 12.4
|Feb low C = 12.3
|Mar low C = 11.7
|Apr low C = 10.4
|May low C = 9.1
|Jun low C = 7.9
|Jul low C = 7.0
|Aug low C = 7.2
|Sep low C = 8.0
|Oct low C = 8.6
|Nov low C = 9.8
|Dec low C = 11.2
|year low C = 9.6
|Jan record low C = 7.4
|Feb record low C = 6.2
|Mar record low C = 2.3
|Apr record low C = 3.0
|May record low C = 2.0
|Jun record low C = 0.1
|Jul record low C = 0.1
|Aug record low C = -0.1
|Sep record low C = 1.1
|Oct record low C = 2.4
|Nov record low C = 1.6
|Dec record low C = 5.5
|year record low C = -0.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 0.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 1.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 3.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 20.4
|May precipitation mm = 96.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 161.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 89.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 88.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 37.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 15.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 5.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.7
|year precipitation mm = 523.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 0.1
|Feb precipitation days = 0.1
|Mar precipitation days = 0.6
|Apr precipitation days = 1.7
|May precipitation days = 3.9
|Jun precipitation days = 5.9
|Jul precipitation days = 4.7
|Aug precipitation days = 4.3
|Sep precipitation days = 2.8
|Oct precipitation days = 1.4
|Nov precipitation days = 0.6
|Dec precipitation days = 0.6
|year precipitation days = 26.7
|source 1 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile<ref>
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807045622/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330007 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |url=https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330007 |title=Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos |publisher=Dirección Meteorológica de Chile |language=es |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807045738/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330007 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |url=https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330007 |title=Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Rodelillo, Ad. (330007) |publisher=Dirección Meteorológica de Chile |language=es |access-date=7 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (precipitation days 1991–2020)<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807050033/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Rodelillovinadelmarad_85560.csv |archive-date=7 August 2023 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Rodelillovinadelmarad_85560.csv |title=Rodelillo Climate Normals 1991–2020 |work=World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref>
}}