Editing Vacuum cleaner (section)

===Domestic vacuum cleaner===
[[File:Vacuum cleaner 1910.JPG|thumb|upright|A hand-powered pneumatic vacuum cleaner, {{circa}} 1910. An early electric-powered model is also shown.]]
The first vacuum-cleaning device to be portable and marketed at the domestic market was built in 1905 by Walter Griffiths, a manufacturer in [[Birmingham]], England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/vacuum.html|title=The Changes to Vacuum Cleaners over the last 100 years|work=The People History }}</ref> His ''Griffith's Improved Vacuum Apparatus for Removing Dust from Carpets'' resembled modern-day cleaners; it was portable, easy to store, and powered by "any one person (such as the ordinary [[domestic servant]])", who would have the task of compressing a bellows-like contraption to suck up dust through a removable, flexible pipe, to which a variety of shaped nozzles could be attached.

[[File:Early electric vacuum cleaner, circa 1908.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Early electric vacuum cleaner by Electric Suction Sweeper Company, {{circa}} 1908]]
In 1906, [[Jim Kirby|James B. Kirby]] developed his first of many vacuums called the "Domestic Cyclone". It used water for dirt separation. Later revisions became known as the [[Kirby Company|Kirby]] Vacuum Cleaner. The [[Cleveland, Ohio]] factory was built in 1916 and remains open currently, and all Kirby vacuum cleaners are manufactured in the United States.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Cleveland History">{{cite web |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/s/scott-and-fetzer-co|title=Scott and Fetzer Co|date=11 May 2018|publisher=Case Western Reserve University|access-date=10 July 2020}}</ref>

In 1907 department store janitor [[James M. Spangler|James Murray Spangler]] (1848–1915) of [[Canton, Ohio]], invented the first portable electric vacuum cleaner,<ref name="VacuumCleaner">{{cite book|last=Levy|first=Joel|title=Really useful: the origins of everyday things|publisher=Firefly Books|url=https://archive.org/details/reallyusefulorig00levy|url-access=registration|isbn=155297622X|year=2003|page=[https://archive.org/details/reallyusefulorig00levy/page/147 147]}}</ref> obtaining a patent for the Electric Suction Sweeper on 2 June 1908. In addition to suction from an electric fan that blew the dirt and dust into a soap box and one of his wife's pillowcases, Spangler's design utilized a rotating brush to loosen debris.<ref>{{US patent|889823}}</ref> Unable to produce the design himself due to lack of funding, he sold the patent in 1908 to local leather goods manufacturer [[William Henry Hoover]] (1849–1932), who had Spangler's machine redesigned with a steel casing, casters, and attachments, founding the company that in 1922 was renamed the [[Hoover Company]]. Their first vacuum was the 1908 Model O, which sold for $60 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|60|1908}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}). Subsequent innovations included the beater bar in 1919 ("It beats as it sweeps as it cleans"),<ref>{{US patent|1364554}}</ref> disposal filter bags in the 1920s, and an upright vacuum cleaner in 1926.

In [[Continental Europe]], the [[Nilfisk-Advance|Fisker and Nielsen company]] in [[Denmark]] was the first to sell vacuum cleaners in 1910. The design weighed just {{cvt|17.5|kg}} and could be operated by a single person. The Swedish company [[Electrolux]] launched their Model V in 1921 with the innovation of being able to lie on the floor on two thin metal runners.<ref>{{cite news | title = Vacuum cleaner lasts for 70 years | work = BBC News | date = 27 January 2008 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/7205825.stm | access-date = 28 January 2008 }}</ref> In the 1930s the German company [[Vorwerk (company)|Vorwerk]] started marketing vacuum cleaners of their own design which they sold through [[direct sales]].